动态关系强度下知识网络知识流动的涌现特性

现有复杂知识网络研究大多只关注网络结构的影响,而忽视网络中关系强度的作用.文中采用多主体建模与仿真方法,在分别具有小世界和无标度特征的复杂知识网络中,研究在5种变化策略下,动态关系强度对知识流动的影响.结果表明,依据不同策略改变主体间的关系强度,所得网络的知识流动效率(用网络平均知识水平和知识流动速度衡量)和知识分布的均衡性(用网络知识分布方差衡量)呈现出不同的变化规律,而且当关系强度变动概率取特定值时,复杂知识网络的知识流动表现出高流速、高平均知识水平和低知识分布方差的涌现特征.论文进一步分析了产生该涌现特性的机理,指出网络关系强度分布的指数衰减,对均衡状态下知识流动涌现特性的产生具有决定性影响.     

非正式知识网络关系强度分布与知识流动小世界

针对非正式知识网络上的知识流动小世界现象,利用多主体建模与仿真方法,基于经典WS小世界网络建立知识流动模型,研究了知识流动小世界现象的发生机理.结果表明,知识流动小世界现象的内在机理为网络宏观关系强度分布呈现指数衰减;网络知识流动效率对于网络宏观关系强度分布具有高度敏感性;网络平均关系强度均值的不同会影响网络关系强度分布的演化速度,但不影响其演化模式.     

基于知识获取-流动-应用的协同创新主体知识网络能力分析

组织网络化发展及创新范式网络化背景下,协同创新主体知识网络能力是影响协同创新绩效的关键要素。该文分析协同创新知识网络的构成和内涵,构建"协同创新知识网络能力要素-知识活动过程-知识创新绩效"理论分析框架,从多层次、多维度分析基于知识获取-流动-应用的协同创新主体知识网络能力要素构成及其对创新绩效的影响,为培育协同创新主体知识网络能力,提升协同创新绩效提供理论参考。     

将跨国并购作为技术追赶的杠杆:动态能力视角

我国企业对发达国家企业的技术寻求型并购发展迅猛,而现有的理论对这一问题缺乏逻辑一致的解释。本文从动态能力视角整合后发企业技术追赶理论和后发企业国际化理论的主要观点,对这一现象和过程进行了系统的分析和阐述。本文选取7个典型案例,运用扎根理论研究法中规范的译码程序对案例进行剖析,发掘出"并购企业初始技术能力"、"关键技术缺口"、"有价值的创造性资产"、"技术融合"和"技术追赶"五个范畴以及范畴之间的逻辑关系,并由此构建了以跨国并购为杠杆的后发企业技术追赶模型。我们发现,后发企业技术寻求型海外并购是一个精心设计、带有冒险特征的能力更新过程,通过海外并购,一些企业不仅跨越了技术创新的鸿沟,实现了技术的进一步追赶,而且推动了战略转型,形成了真正意义上的国际竞争力。     

市场知识管理与营销动态能力构建——基于天津奥的斯的案例研究

在回顾市场知识管理理论及营销动态能力理论的基础上,运用规范的案例研究方法,以天津奥的斯公司为研究对象,通过单一案例研究方法系统构建了企业市场知识体系,以及市场知识管理的"GDR循环模式",并深入分析市场知识管理对企业营销动态能力构建的影响机制,归纳提炼出基于市场知识管理的营销动态能力构建模型。     

动态能力视角下快消品企业品牌竞争力提升研究——以青岛啤酒为例

品牌竞争能力提升模式一直是学界和业界共同关注的热点,但是产品同质化、激烈的市场竞争等因素为快消品品牌竞争能力提升带来了巨大的挑战。快消品企业品牌动态能力是指在动态变化的市场环境中充分调动已有资源,根据市场变化及时采取适宜的应对策略。本研究基于动态能力视角以顾客获取-顾客维系-顾客忠诚为分阶段目标,立足于青岛啤酒提升企业品牌竞争力的实践经验,聚焦快消品企业品牌竞争力提升问题。通过梳理青岛啤酒成功建设石家庄基地市场的发展历程和时间脉络,对其产品结构优化阶段、渠道细分拓展阶段和品牌粘性提升阶段展开纵向分析,同时对成功建成的石家庄基地市场和失败的承德基地市场进行横向对比分析,最终梳理出全新的快消品企业品牌竞争力提升路径模式。研究结果丰富了企业品牌竞争力相关理论文献,并为其他快消品品牌竞争力提升提供借鉴。     

网络嵌入性视角下基于知识的动态能力构建机制

基于知识的动态能力、网络嵌入性以及创新绩效之间的影响关系,本研究利用探索性案例的方法证实了多样性、信任、共同解决问题和承诺等不同网络嵌入属性分别对知识获取能力和知识整合能力具有显著的正向影响,证实了知识整合能力对创新绩效具有关键性的正向影响,从而建立了网络嵌入性——动态能力——创新绩效的理论框架,进一步打开了网络嵌入性作用机制的黑箱,为网络环境中的动态能力及创新研究的深入开展创造了条件。     

企业与消费者协同演化动态能力构建:B2C电商梦芭莎案例研究

现有动态能力理论将消费者视为影响企业动态能力的环境因素之一,主要从企业内部视角来探讨企业如何应对外部市场的变化,缺乏从企业与消费者相互影响视角对动态能力的深入研究。本文通过B2C电商企业梦芭莎的案例研究发现,在快速变化的环境中,企业与消费者互动形成的协同演化动态能力构成电商企业动态能力的一种主要形式,由此提出企业与消费者协同演化动态能力的概念模型,认为企业与消费者协同演化动态能力由捕捉消费者变化、适应消费者变化和引导消费者变化3种能力,及被动型和主动型协同演化两个阶段构成。其中,市场环境动荡形成的压力筛选构成企业与消费者协同演化动态能力的构建前提,企业与消费者之间的交互作用构成企业与消费者协同演化动态能力的构建逻辑,信息技术应用构成企业与消费者协同演化动态能力的构建基础,组织学习和消费者学习构成企业与消费者协同演化动态能力的构建机制。这一研究将外部环境与动态能力的关系从单向因果关系扩展为双向互为因果关系,丰富了企业动态能力理论的内涵,对中国B2C电商企业的创新发展具有启发和指导意义。     

Emergence of shared leadership networks in teams: An adaptive process perspective

Adaptive leadership theory suggests that shared leadership networks grow in a complex manner. We propose that leadership decentralization (the dispersion of leadership), leadership density (the total amount of leadership), and situationally-aligned leadership (SAL: leadership transitions to those who fit situation requirements) are distinct aspects of a shared leadership network and should be examined together to capture the development of shared leadership process. Through a study of 450 participants in 90 teams, we find that each of these three aspects of shared leadership plays a different role during shared leadership network emergence. Specifically, transactive memory systems (TMS) contribute to decentralized leadership structures, which in turn precipitate more dense leadership networks. We also find that TMS contributes to the most situationally aligned team member engaging in leadership. Both leadership density and SAL predict team performance. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results.     

Noise-tolerance community detection and evolution in dynamic social networks

Dynamic complex social network is always mixed with noisy data and abnormal events always influence the network. It is important to track dynamic community evolution and discover the abnormal events for understanding real world. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm Noise-Tolerance Community Detection (NTCD) to discover dynamic community structure that is based on historical information and current information. An updated algorithm is introduced to help find the community structure snapshot at each time step. One evaluation method based on structure and connection degree is proposed to measure the community similarity. Based on this evaluation, the latent community evolution can be tracked and abnormal events can be gotten. Experiments on different real datasets show that NTCD not only eliminates the influence of noisy data but also discovers the real community structure and abnormal events.     

Inventor knowledge recombination behaviors in a pharmaceutical merger: The role of intra-firm networks

We study firms' abilities to increase the generative appropriability of their knowledge by studying the knowledge recombination patterns of inventors in the context of a merger between two equally sized pharmaceutical firms. Specifically, we study inventors' choices to recombine knowledge originating in the firm with which they merge. We hypothesize that mergers focus inventors' attention to units of knowledge originating in the other firm and that therefore, inventors will choose to recombine more of this knowledge, which exists in their intra-firm network, following a merger. We also hypothesize that inventors vary in terms of their recombination choices following a merger. We explore these differences by linking inventors' network positions with their abilities and motivations to recombine knowledge originating in the other firm. Specifically, we hypothesize an inverted-U shaped relationship between centrality and knowledge recombination from the other firm and a linear relationship between brokerage and knowledge recombination from the other firm. We test our hypotheses using patent data from the merger between Bristol-Myers and Squibb and find support for our hypotheses. The paper contributes to knowledge recombination research by exploring changes in knowledge recombination dynamics following a merger and by understanding how mergers affect firms’ generative research trajectories. Practically, we suggest that managers should identify and nurture certain types of inventors following a merger to be able to better leverage the knowledge bases of merging firms.     

An investigation of output flow control,bottleneck flow control and dynamic flow control mechanisms in various simple lines scenarios

Flow control mechanisms have been a topic of academic research for several years. With the growth of business-wide information systems such as enterprise resource planning and supply chain, better planning, scheduling and control of the business transformation process is required in order to achieve increased throughput, reduced inventories, shorter lead times and reduced tardiness. This research compares two new approaches to flow control, output flow control and bottleneck flow control to a real-time flow control system, dynamic flow control. Both output and bottleneck flow control mechanisms are much simpler to implement and manage than dynamic flow control in that they do not require continual feedback and rescheduling. Line characteristics, such as location of breakdowns with respect to the bottleneck, the location of the bottleneck when breakdowns occur, and the impact of variability of processing times on the performance measures (output, WIP level, lateness, and number of tardy jobs) for these three flow control mechanisms are compared. Both output and bottleneck flow control mechanisms perform favourably (particularly bottleneck) under different scenarios and warrant further study across a wider range of scenarios (mixed models, job shops, etc.).     

Exploring the relationship of leadership skills and knowledge to leader performance

The criterion-related validity of constructed response measures of complex problem-solving skills, social judgment skills, and leader knowledge is examined with respect to two criteria of leader effectiveness: leader achievement and quality of solutions to ill-defined leadership problems. Core aspects of the leader capabilities model are tested using these measures in a series of hierarchical regression analyses. Results indicate that constructed response measures of key leader capabilities account for variance in leader effectiveness and provide initial validation evidence for a central part of the theoretical model. The problem-solving, social judgment and knowledge measures account for significant variance in leadership criteria beyond that accounted for by cognitive abilities, motivations, and personality. Initial evidence also suggests that complex problem-solving skills, social judgment and leader knowledge partially mediate the relationship of cognitive abilities, motivation and personality to leader effectiveness. Implications and generalizability of the results are discussed in light of a related civilian leadership study conducted within the U.S. Department of Defense.     

Communities, alliances, networks and knowledge in multinational firms: A micro-analytic framework

We develop a model of the micro-process of knowledge acquisition, dissemination, and application in the networks of alliances that have become important sources of external knowledge for multinational firms. Based on the concept of communities of practice as sources of highly tacit know-how, this model addresses the use of alliances with local partners to acquire tacit knowledge on a sub-unit level and to then share this knowledge throughout the firm via an internal network of community-level alliances. We suggest that the supposed advantage of multinational firms in accessing and reconstituting knowledge from widely spread sources is composed of multiple micro-processes at sub-unit levels, and therefore much more complex than usually presented.     

The interactive relationship of corporate culture and knowledge management: a review

Knowledge management and corporate culture are two managerial concepts that are often connected in articles, especially in knowledge management literature. It is, however, a rather complex relationship, as evidenced by the existence of various theoretical and empirical contributions as well as various implicit assumptions. This review therefore, aims at systemizing and clarifying different approaches towards the relationship between intraorganizational knowledge management and corporate culture. I identified three different perspectives on this topic. The first perspective regards cultural values as knowledge resources. The second approach deals with the characteristics of “knowledge cultures” that are regarded as a favorable antecedents for knowledge management. The third view assumes a different causal relationship because knowledge management initiatives can also modify cultural assumptions if employees are subject to positive experiences. This paper describes all three, discusses their underlying assumptions, and shows their implications for theory and practice. By comparing the three perspectives, this systematic review reveals that they are based on different theories and therefore, their results cannot be easily combined. Our conclusions show that being aware of these differences and providing a common theoretical basis opens up avenues for future research in this field.     

Knowledge attributes and the choice of knowledge transfer mechanism in networks: the case of franchising

In this paper we develop a knowledge-based view on the choice of knowledge transfer mechanisms in franchising that integrates results from the information richness theory. Starting from the information richness theory we argue that tacitness of system knowledge, operationalized by codifiability, teachability and complexity, determines the information richness of the knowledge transfer mechanisms of franchising firms. We examine the following hypotheses: (1) If the franchisor’s knowledge is characterized by a high degree of codifiability and teachability and a low degree of complexity, knowledge transfer mechanisms with a lower degree of information richness are used; (2) If the franchisor’s knowledge is characterized by a high degree of complexity and a low degree of codifiability and teachability, knowledge transfer mechanisms with a higher degree of information richness are used. We test these hypotheses by using data from 52 franchising firms in the Austrian franchise sector. The data provide support for the hypotheses.