Panel Seasonal Unit Root Test: Further Simulation Results and An Application to Unemployment Data

Summary: In this paper the seasonal unit root test of Hylleberg et al. (1990) is generalized to cover a heterogenous panel. The procedure follows the work of Im, Pesaran and Shin (2002) and is independently proposed by Otero et al. (2004). Test statistics are given and critical values are obtained by simulation. Moreover, the properties of the tests are analyzed for different deterministic and dynamic specifications. Evidence is presented that for a small time series dimension the power is low even for increasing cross section dimension. Therefore, it seems necessary to have a higher time series dimension than cross section dimension. The test is applied to unemployment data in industrialized countries. In some cases seasonal unit roots are detected. However, the null hypotheses of panel seasonal unit roots are rejected. The null hypothesis of a unit root at the zero frequency is not rejected, thereby supporting the presence of hysteresis effects. * The research of this paper was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. The paper was presented at the workshop “Unit roots and cointegration in panel data” in Frankfurt, October 2004 and in the poster-session at the EC2 meeting in Marseille, December 2004. We are grateful to the participants of the workshops and an anonymous referee for their helpful comments.     

非均衡发展战略与中国城乡收入差距的关系——来自省级面板数据的经验分析

运用非均衡发展战略理论构建中国城乡收入差距成因的理论框架。利用2005—2008年中国省级的数据资料,建立了panel data模型,实证研究中国偏向城市的财政政策、金融政策、就业政策、贸易政策以及偏向城市的社会保障制度和公共产品供给制度对中国城乡收入差距的影响,研究表明：非均衡发展战略所衍生的一系列偏向城市的制度和政策是导致城乡收入差距的原因,逐步改革户籍制度,打破城乡二元体制,统筹城乡发展是缩小城乡收入差距的基础。     

面板数据的模型建立和检验分析

面板数据分析是数量经济学中一门重要的分支,在经济领域中有着广泛的应用。文章详细地介绍了面板数据的主要类型及模型的建立和检验。     

经济发展方式对贫困减缓效应的门槛面板回归检验

文章选取1997-2015年的相关数据,运用面板门槛回归模型研究经济发展方式与贫困减缓之间的关系.研究结果表明,经济发展方式对贫困减缓存在双重门槛效应.以经济发展水平为门槛变量,经济发展方式对贫困减缓产生积极的影响,且经济发展水平越高,经济发展方式对贫困减缓的作用越明显,呈梯度渐进增强趋势;以经济发展方式转变程度为门槛变量,经济发展方式对贫困减缓产生显著的正面效应,呈现出先下降后上升的特征.     

城市森林对经济发展影响的实证检验——基于281个城市的面板数据

文章基于2001—2017年中国281个地级及以上城市的森林资源及地区经济发展的数据,运用空间面板SARAR模型,系统考察了城市森林资源状况对中国经济发展的影响及其作用机制。结果发现,城市森林建设可以显著提升中国地区的经济发展;城市森林资源影响中国经济发展的途径可以通过人力资本集聚等途径来实现;城市森林资源的经济效益是广泛存在的,不因城市规模大小而消失或减退。对以上结论的进一步检验发现其仍然是稳健的。     

An Estimator of Shannon Entropy of Beta-Generated Distributions and a Goodness-of-Fit Test

The aim of this article is twofold: on the one hand to introduce and study some of the statistical properties of an estimator for the Shannon entropy and on the other hand to develop a goodness-of-fit test for beta-generated distributions and the distribution of order statistics. Beta-generated distributions are a broad class of univariate distributions which has received great attention during the last 15 years, as it obeys nice properties and it extends the distribution of order statistics. The proposed estimator of Shannon entropy of beta-generated distributions is motivated by the respective Vasicek’s estimator, as the latter one is tailored to the class of the beta-generated distributions and the distribution of order statistics. The estimator of Shannon entropy is defined and its consistency is studied. It is, moreover, exploited to build a goodness-of-fit test for the beta-generated distribution and the distribution of order statistics. Simulations are performed to examine the small- and moderate-sample properties of the proposed estimator and to compare the power of the proposed test with the power of competitors under a variety of alternatives.     

“堤坝”型结构突变的时间序列单位根检验及其应用——对PPP的经验分析

通过解读一些经济变量的动态行为,提出了＂堤坝＂型确定趋势的概念和＂堤坝＂型结构突变的时间序列单位根检验。在结构突变位置未知的情况下,讨论了推断结构突变点位置的方法,给出了＂堤坝＂型结构突变单位根检验的一般步骤。最后,基于人民币和日元兑换美元的汇率数据,借助该检验为购买力平价（PPP）理论提供了有力的证据。     

Production Frontiers and Panel Data: An Application to U.S. Class 1 Railroads

In this article, the appropriateness of inefficiency measures obtained directly from the production function as in Schmidt and Sickles (1984) is examined relative to those provided by (a) the cost function aproach, (b) Klein's approach, and (c) the iterative SUR technique. Efficiency rankings yielded by different methods are also compared and tested.     

创业质量与中国经济增长质量——基于省际面板数据的实证分析

基于2000—2016年中国省际面板数据,从效率、结构、稳定、环境、民生、分配等6个维度构建衡量地区经济增长质量的指标评价体系,然后实证考察了创业质量对经济增长质量影响的影响。研究结果表明:创业质量提升可以显著增加经济增长效率,促进产业结构升级,推动绿色发展水平,提高社会福利水平。不过,创业质量提升也一定程度降低了收入分配公平性。最后,在各种效应综合影响下,创业质量显著提升了综合经济增长质量。在新时期,决策者应不断优化营商环境,加强金融、人才、土地等要素保障,通过高质量创业带动经济增长质量提升。此外,决策者也要注重完善产业、社会保障等配套政策,避免新创产业发展对传统产业的冲击影响部分中低收入群体,从而推动经济平稳转型和高质量发展。     

The Balance Point: Keeping Serial Bibliographic Records Viable in a Digital Age

Michael Norman, head of serials cataloging at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) library, describes his library's development of an integrated management system for serials, the Online Research Resources (ORR). The ORR was designed to draw together and deliver to the public a wide range of information related to the library's serial holdings that previously could only be obtained by consulting a number of sources. With a single search, UIUC patrons can now consult the ORR for serials information such as variant titles, online availability, subject categories, print summary statements, ISI impact factor, where the title is indexed, and whether it is peer reviewed—an innovation sorely needed and highly welcomed by librarians and patrons alike.     

上市商业银行同业业务的风险承担影响实证研究——来自面板工具变量法的证据

深入考察商业银行发展同业业务对银行风险承担水平的影响,以同业净资产/总资产综合衡量同业资产负债业务扩张净效应,基于面板工具变量,运用2SLS回归估计方法,进行实证检验,结果发现:同业净资产占比增加显著提高了商业银行风险承担水平;商业银行风险承担水平随着银行杠杆水平、股权集中度、不良贷款率的提高而增加,但随着资本充足率、资产规模和存贷款占比的提高而降低。"高风险高收益假说"没得到实证检验;上市商业银行发展同业业务的风险承担影响机制:同业业务期限错配和高杠杆运作方式,增加了商业银行总资产收益率波动率,从而降低商业银行单位风险收益和单位风险的资本要求,提高了商业银行的破产风险概率,最终增加了银行风险承担水平。     

An Asymptotic Analysis of the Logrank Test

Asymptotic expansions for the null distribution of the logrank statistic and its distribution under local proportional hazards alternatives are developed in the case of iid observations. The results, which are derived from the work of Gu (1992) and Taniguchi (1992), are easy to interpret, and provide some theoretical justification for many behavioral characteristics of the logrank test that have been previously observed in simulation studies. We focus primarily upon (i) the inadequacy of the usual normal approximation under treatment group imbalance; and, (ii) the effects of treatment group imbalance on power and sample size calculations. A simple transformation of the logrank statistic is also derived based on results in Konishi (1991) and is found to substantially improve the standard normal approximation to its distribution under the null hypothesis of no survival difference when there is treatment group imbalance. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Distributional Studies and the Computer: An Analysis of Durbin's Rank Test

A study of the distribution of a statistic involves two major steps: (a) working out its asymptotic, large n, distribution, and (b) making the connection between the asymptotic results and the distribution of the statistic for the sample sizes used in practice. This crucial second step is not included in many studies. In this article, the second step is applied to Durbin's (1951) well-known rank test of treatment effects in balanced incomplete block designs (BIB's). We found that asymptotic, χ², distributions do not provide adequate approximations in most BIB's. Consequently, we feel that several of Durbin's recommendations should be altered.     

Assessing the Quality of Household Panel Data: The Case of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics

Evidence from a number of methodological studies are used to assess the overall quality of data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). Despite substantial cumulative non-response over the nearly two decades spanned by the study, the sample is found to maintain its representation of the nonimmigrant population of the United States. The most important reasons for this result are that the study's following rules insure that the sample replaces itself in the same manner as the population (through the formation of new families by the offspring of old) and that nonresponse is largely unsystematic. Nonresponse also appears to be largely random with respect to parameters in a number of behavioral models. The accuracy of measures is assessed by comparing survey measures with national aggregates and with highly accurate individual validating data. PSID reports of transfer income appear to compare more favorably with program aggregates than do reports from other large-scale surveys such as the Current Population Survey. Finally, although PSID survey measures generally are unbiased when compared to validating data, they contain amounts of measurement-error variance that range from trivially small to very large.     

经济全球化、社会全球化与各省市经济增长——基于空间面板数据模型的实证检验

近年来国际上出现了一些质疑全球化的声音与逆全球化行为,全球化及其在各国经济增长中究竟发挥了怎样的作用再次成为人们热议的话题。基于中国加入WTO以来的省级面板数据,从经济全球化和社会全球化两方面构建评价指标体系,对比分析各省份融入全球化的程度,发现东部地区融入全球化程度较高,而中西部地区的融入程度相对较低。在考虑空间相关性的基础上,通过建立空间面板数据模型,实证检验了经济全球化和社会全球化对各省份经济增长的影响。研究结果表明,经济全球化对各省份经济增长有显著的正向促进作用,而社会全球化则不利于各省市经济增长。     

中国碳排放的环境库兹涅茨曲线分析——基于空间面板模型的实证研究

在环境库兹涅茨曲线理论的基础上,选用30个省域2000—2009年数据,运用空间面板计量经济模型研究碳排放与经济增长的关系,结果表明:利用空间相关性指标检验出经济发展与碳排放之间存在显著的空间效应;利用空间面板自回归和误差模型发现,中国碳排放与经济增长存在倒U形关系,转折点在8.167亿元至11.025亿元人均GDP之间;工业结构比重对碳减排有消极影响,而技术进步、FDI与碳排放之间存在显著的正效应,这说明通过降低工业结构比重、促进新能源技术的革新以及引进外资等能减少中国的碳排放。     

工业化、经济增长与能源消费——基于中国分省面板数据的实证分析

利用中国30个省(市、自治区)1998-2008年度的面板数据,采用面板协整分析方法和面板数据模型估计方法,以工业化对经济增长以及经济增长对能源消费两种作用关系为着眼点,研究了工业化和经济增长对能源消费的影响效应与特征。结果表明:中国工业化与经济增长以及经济增长与能源消费之间存在长期均衡关系,总体而言,工业化对经济增长具有明显的促进作用,而经济增长又促进了能源消费的增长,但就不同区域而言,这两种促进作用存在显著的差异。同时也发现,工业化进程的深入对于提高能源利用效率具有积极作用。