男男性服务群体的性、性网络、艾滋风险——以东北地区为例

男男性服务者是近些年来地下性产业中的新兴群体,其在性身份认同、服务分层、组织类别等方面呈现出比女性性服务者更为复杂的生存样态。同时,艾滋病在男男性接触群体的迅猛传播,也使男男性服务者成为艾滋病防治工作的重点干预对象。文章采用参与观察、个案深入访谈和专题小组讨论的定性研究方法,对我国东北地区男男性服务网络进行调研和分析,对商业性网络的隐秘特征和运行机制、男男性服务者的多元性存在状态进行文化阐释,并在此基础上分析不同性取向群体、不同场所、不同服务种类的艾滋病风险因素并给予社会科学的干预建议。     

滇西某大型筑路工地流动人口艾滋病风险分析

本研究采用定性与定量相结合的方法对滇西某大型道路建设工地流动人口的艾滋病风险进行调研与分析,该工地流动人口所面临的主要艾滋病风险是高危商业性性行为。深入调研发现,因其特殊的行业特征,工地流动人口中形成了对商业性性行为默许、容忍、合理化的氛围,对于所面临的艾滋病风险存在侥幸心理,各职业人群由于知识、社会经济处境不同,其与艾滋病相关的高危行为有明显差异。基于研究发现,本文对流动人口艾滋病预防干预实践、艾滋病预防研究的社会人文视角及未来研究方向等提出了讨论和建议。     

对娱乐场所从业女性实施预防性病/艾滋病的综合干预项目

继启动全球基金中国艾滋病项目第三轮项目活动后,国家人口计生委国际合作司积极和全球基金中国艾滋病项目第四轮项目办公室协调,争取到“对项目点娱乐场所从业女性实施预防性病/艾滋病综合干预”项目,已由江西省、湖南省、云南省、新疆维吾尔自治区人口计生委组织安排,在江西省     

对娱乐场所从业女性实施预防性病／艾滋病的综合干预项目

继启动全球基金中国艾滋病项目第三轮项目活动后，国家人口计生委同际合作司积极和全球基金中国艾滋病项目第四轮项目办公室协调，争取到“对项目点娱乐场所从业女性实施预防性病／艾滋病综合干预”项目，已由江西省、湖南省、云南省、新疆维吾尔自治区人口计生委组织安排，在江西省南昌市西湖区、萍乡市安源区、景德镇市乐平市，     

从泰国的经验看艾滋病的防治（上）

随着经济和国际旅游事业的发展，泰国的艾滋病病毒的传播曾达到很严重的地步。受西方性泛滥的影响，青年人对性生活态度的放纵，导致艾滋病在青年中的流行。在像清迈和东北部的一些地区都是艾滋病的高发区，在有些行业如曼谷的某些地区出租车司机中HIV阳性和艾滋病患者高达50％以上。我在九十年代初曾到清迈的一个生殖健康诊所看到就诊女性70％HIV阳性。当然，其中多数是性工作者，当检查出HIV阳性就从城市遣送回乡，由于那时群众缺乏有关艾滋病的知识，造成艾滋病在农村的流行以及极大的恐惧。这种情况引起了政府和有关非政府组织的关注，在泰国开展了对艾滋病的全面的战斗。在这场战斗中不能不提到的一个组织就是泰国人口与社区发展协会（Populationand Community development Association，PDA），以及该组织的主席米猜先生。在1974年全球面临人口巨大压力的情况下，来猜先生创立了PDA，在泰国开创了通过扶贫来稳定低生育率的先驱。通过开展大力的宣传和服务，积极倡导使用避孕套和男性结扎。为泰国人口和计划生育事业做出了巨大的贡献。     

中国艾滋病配偶间传播的现状与影响因素

自2003年以来，艾滋病经性传播的比例逐年上升，2007年首次超过吸毒成为流行的最主要原因。随着性接触成为主要传播渠道，女性感染人数大幅上升，所占比例从1998年的15．3％上升至2007年的28．7％。国外的许多研究表明，相当大比例的艾滋病感染者仍在发生无保护的性行为，这使他们成为艾滋病新发感染的重要来源。     

论艾滋病病毒传播对女性健康的危害——泰国的经验及其对我国的启示

据联合国艾滋病规划署估计,到1996年7月中旬,全世界大约有2180万人正在感染艾滋病病毒或正患艾滋病,其中2040万(94％)在发展中国家。在感染的成人中,女性比例已迅速上升至42％(达880万)。因此,艾滋病病毒传播对女性健康的危害已成为国际社会和学术界关注的焦点问题之一。 亚洲的成人人口占世界成人的60％,1995年,全世界新增加的270万艾滋病病毒感染者中,约100万(平均每天3000多新感染者)发生于东南亚。现在,南亚、东南亚地区艾滋病病毒感染的人数已是所有工业化国家总数的2倍。因此,亚洲对全球艾滋病流行具有重要影响。由于有关泰国艾滋病病毒流行的报道及其模式的研究在亚洲和全世界居前列,而且泰国的经济     

中国艾滋病社会预防模式研究（Ⅹ）

中国艾滋病早期社会预防模式分析 在中国，艾滋病从一开始出现就和意识形态、道德等联系在一起。从世界上出现第一例艾滋病之后的许多年里，主流声音一直强调中国不会流行艾滋病，因为艾滋病是西方资本主义腐朽没落的象征。正是这种认识，影响了高层的决策。就在由于地下单采血浆造成艾滋病病毒在河南爆发性流行的1995年，高层在决策上依然坚持“要把预防和控制艾滋病的工作作为社会主义精神文明建设的一项内容切实抓好”。认为“预防艾滋病与禁毒禁姐，净化社会空气，坚持社会主义精神文明建设密切相关。幻想照搬‘红灯区’、搞色情服务振兴经济，既背离社会主义道德原则，更无益于防治艾滋病和性病”。     

中国艾滋病社会预防模式研究（Ⅲ）

在国际上，澳大利亚是艾滋病社会预防的典范。研究艾滋病社会预防模式，可以发现一个显著特点，既该模式是以社区为基础，通过政府与非营利组织、医疗卫生机构、研究部门和受影响社区之间的紧密合作开展艾滋病防治工作的。     

中国艾滋病社会预防模式研究（Ⅺ）

将预防艾滋病与禁毒禁娼结合起来，是中国预防与控制艾滋病的政策核心之一。这一决策思想的不恰当性就在于它确定了这样一个前提，即：艾滋病是吸毒、卖淫、嫖娼等丑恶行为的产物。由此，对艾滋病病毒感染者／艾滋病病人的歧视和偏见也就具有了法律和理论的基础。     

Stereotypes,Emotions, and Behaviors Toward Lesbians,Gay Men,Bisexual Women,and Bisexual Men

The utility of the Stereotype Content Model (Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002) and the Behaviors from Intergroup Affect and Stereotypes map (Cuddy, Fiske, & Glick, 2007) were examined in the context of heterosexuals’ attitudes toward sexual minorities. Heterosexual adults completed a survey measuring stereotypes, emotions, and behavioral tendencies toward lesbians, gay men, bisexual women, and bisexual men. Stereotype content differed across groups and showed “gendered” and “valenced” effects on emotions and behavioral tendencies. Competence predicted behaviors for men, whereas warmth and competence predicted behaviors for women, and, for the most part, more was better. Admiration and contempt mediated most of these relationships across most subgroups, but pity and envy played smaller roles for some subgroups. Across all groups, competence played a more predictive role than warmth.     

R&D, human capital, fertility, and growth

This paper analyzes how the decisions of individuals to have children and acquire skills affect long-term growth. We investigate a model in which technical progress, human capital, and population arise endogenously. In such an economy, the presence of distortions (such as monopolistic competition, knowledge spillover, and duplication effects) leads the decentralized long-run growth to be either insufficient or excessive. We show that this result depends on the relative contribution of population and human capital in the determination of long-term growth, i.e., on how the distortions affect the trade-off between the quantity of offsprings and the quality of the family members.     

“Difficult,Messy, Nasty,and Sensational”

Feminist publishing played an important role in the feminist art movement of the 1970s and into the 1980s, and Heresies: A Feminist Publication on Art and Politics was a key journal in this landscape. This paper argues that Heresies is important not only because it was a forum for some of the most influential feminist art women of the period, but because it experimented with an editorial structure that required participants to reckon with the discomforts of difference. Editors of the periodical took seriously the feminist critique of hierarchically structured organizational cultures and both promoted and practiced collective publishing. Moreover, through an emphasis on editorial statements, I consider how Heresies gives expression to the affective entanglements of the women involved in Heresies' specific form of collaboration and collective feminist politics. An examination of the editorials as sites of affective intensity helps to come to an understanding not of what women were thinking, writing, and making, but how they may have felt about their work and their relationships with women with whom they worked.     

Validity,facts, and values sans closure: Reply to Messick,Reckase, Moss,and Zimmerman

Social Indicators Research -     

Pills,Periods, and Postfeminism

Since the English translation of Elsimar Coutinho's Is Menstruation Obsolete? in 1999 and the introduction of cycle-stopping birth control pills in 2003, US women are increasingly advised that menstruation is not necessary for good health. The most widely distributed source of such messages is direct-to-consumer advertisements for birth control pills. The most recent television ads for Seasonique, the leading brand of cycle-stopping contraceptive in the US, minimize the pill's contraceptive function and focus instead on their effectiveness in reducing the frequency of menstruation. A close reading of these commercials reveals them to be an integral part of an emerging postfeminist media culture that attempts to solidify a new, neoliberal subjectivity for women. This subjectivity imposes an idealized, docile, non-menstruating feminine body, ready for full-time participation in the neoliberal economy.     

Media,State, and Patriarchy

This paper examines one of the dominant discourses that Jordanian media circulate on female virginity, which emphasises the state's various roles in relation to it. Relying on an analysis of virginity in online Jordanian media in the years 2008–2010, I argue that the Jordanian state is portrayed as having three main roles: that of the inspector, certifying the presence and/or authenticity of female virginity; that of the guard, protecting it from any measures or products that may disrupt the status quo; and sometimes, the state is portrayed as an ambivalent observer, flexibly but ambiguously, allowing some room for subversion. The media's portrayal of the state as a paternalistic authority over women's bodies betrays their own complicity in perpetuating the dominant virginity discourse at the expense of more progressive viewpoints.