国际化多重R&D联盟及其治理模式选择研究

阐述了国际化多重R&D联盟的概念,并构建了用于分析R&D联盟的过程模型,在此基础上对国际化多重R&D联盟的特点及其所遇到的挑战进行了探讨.最后,针对不同类型的国际化多重R&D联盟如何选择合适治理模式的问题,提出了一个理论分析框架.     

R&D联盟条件下基于FMGTS评价的R&D项目合作成员选择

针对如何从多个候选R&D联盟成员中选择最理想的R&D项目合作成员问题,提出了一种操作性较强的选择方法。首先通过静态博弈得到了候选R&D联盟成员进行某R&D项目合作时竞标价格的可行区间,在考虑专家采用模糊多粒度语言(fuzzy multi-granularity term sets,FMGTS)进行期望获利度评价的状况下,运用基本语言转换函数将评价信息进行集结,据此确定候选R&D联盟成员的期望获利度和优化的竞标价格。在给出价格满意度与工期满意度公式的基础上,利用效用值法将基于不同满意度下的排名决策信息进行一致化处理,最后采用互补判断矩阵中的排序公式来选择理想的R&D项目合作成员。     

供应链中的创新模式选择与R&D策略研究

创新模式的合理选择关系到企业未来的生存与发展。基于供应链视角,利用演化博弈理论对下游企业的创新模式选择进行了分析,在此基础上探讨了R&D因素与下游企业创新模式选择的关系及其对上游企业期望收益的影响。结果表明:吸收能力、内生溢出对上下游企业R&D投入与期望收益均具有正向作用,并与下游企业选择颠覆性创新模式的可能性正相关;而R&D投入与下游企业选择渐进性创新模式的可能性正相关;下游企业选择颠覆性创新模式的可能性对上游企业R&D投入与期望收益具有负向作用。根据这些结论,最后给出了上下游企业的R&D策略。     

电子通讯企业R&D国际化的技术效率及其影响因素实证研究

采取数据包络分析法对2003~2008年我国电子通讯企业R&D国际化技术效率进行了测算,并应用模型分析了其外商R&D投资企业人力资本、物质资本与研发资本三要素对技术效率的影响。结果表明:虽然我国电子通讯企业R&D国际化的投入和产出均逐年递增,但技术效率并不是递增的,现阶段上述三要素的提高与其R&D国际化技术效率之间并非正相关。研究提示电子通讯企业必须强化自身的技术能力与技术基础,外资引进应由"量"向"质"转变。     

联盟过程管理视角的联盟能力与联盟治理关系研究

作为企业层次的一种重要组织能力,联盟能力尽管因其显著的绩效推动力受到相当重视,但对治理决策影响的相关研究却难以推进。本文基于资源基础理论和交易成本理论,从联盟过程管理的视角,研究了联盟不同阶段企业所具有的联盟能力与联盟治理的重要关系,能为联盟企业根据所处联盟阶段具有的联盟能力来选择恰当的联盟治理策略提供依据。     

建筑企业战略联盟的动因分析与联盟模式选择

针对当前建筑业在我国经济社会中的重要地位,本文引入战略联盟的概念,分析建筑企业战略联盟的动因,以及提出现有战略联盟的模式,最后通过层次分析的方法建立评价体系,帮助建筑企业选择联盟的模式。     

具有技术许可联盟的R&D投资决策

本文开发了具有技术许可联盟的R&D投资决策模型。考虑了技术许可前后市场结构的变化,利用连续时间阈值自回归过程来模型这一非线性变化的特征,根据实物期权定价理论和博弈理论,给出了R&D投资项目的价值和最优投资规则。通过数值分析讨论了技术许可前后的收益期望增长率和不确定性以及许可合同中竞争者进入市场的时间参数对投资决策的影响。     

技术标准联盟治理综述

网络经济时代,技术标准联盟是应对复杂性系统创新和实施技术标准战略的新型制度安排和重要组织形式。已有研究对技术标准联盟的界定、形成动因、组织形式和联盟治理以及政府参与伙伴治理研究。结合实践综述现有研究的不足,并提出进一步对技术标准治理研究的角度及方式。     

我国R&D投入分析与对策研究

R&D经费投入是评价国家科技实力和科技发展水平的首选指标,长期以来已为世界各国和重要国际组织所普遍采用。目前我国正加大R&D经费的投入,R&D投入量占GDP的比重正逐年提高。但与发达国家相比,我国R&D在投入总量,投入强度,投入模式和结构,R&D人员配置等方面存在不足,很难适应经济社会的高速发展,也难以满足应对危机的需求。因此,我国必须要明确战略性发展方向,进一步增加研发投入;鼓励企业增加研发投入,积极开拓新市场;加大研发人员的引进和培养;在基础研究上取得重大突破。     

On Modes of Economic Governance

I consider transactions involving asymmetric prisoners’ dilemmas between pairs of players randomly selected from two large populations. Games are played repeatedly, but information about cheating is not adequate to sustain cooperation, and there is no official legal system of contract enforcement. I examine how profit–maximizing private intermediation can supply the information and enforcement. I obtain conditions under which private governance can improve upon no governance, and examine why it fails to achieve social optimality.     

Top Team Diversity,Internationalization and the Mediating Effect of International Alliances*

This study examines the mediating effect of international alliances for the relationship between TMT (top management team) job‐related diversity (educational, functional background, outside industry experience and international exposure) and firm internationalization. We argue that firms with greater TMT diversity will use more international alliances, resulting in higher firm internationalization. Based on a sample of 226 US firms during the period 1988–1994, we find that international alliances partially mediate the relationship between TMT international exposure diversity and firm internationalization. However, we do not find international alliances to mediate the relationships between other forms of TMT diversity and firm internationalization. We discuss implications and directions for future research.     

Comparative and International Corporate Governance

Abstract

In this article, we examine the state of the art in comparative and international corporate governance by identifying the key research questions, main concepts, and paradigms of explanations of cross‐country diversity in corporate governance. First, we discuss the multiple definitions of corporate governance across disciplines and explore how this multi‐dimensional nature of corporate governance posses challenges when making cross‐national comparisons. Second, we review existing comparative research on corporate governance and highlight some of the main characteristics of comparative analysis. Third, we analyze how comparative corporate governance has been understood from four different scholarly perspectives: economics and management, culture and sociology, legal, and political paradigms. We conclude from this third section that future research should make an effort to better integrate cross‐disciplinary paradigms. Fourth, we investigate what insights these four perspectives bring to understand change and stability better in two particular governance dimensions: corporate ownership and the role of labor in comparative corporate governance. Finally, we conclude the article with some forward looking suggestions regarding (1) how different perspectives of corporate governance can be more effectively integrated by adopting case‐based, historical, and actor‐centered forms of institutional explanations and by (2) discussing the current U.S. corporate governance system, frequently seen as the “best practice” model.     

Alliance‐building Process as Inhibiting Factor for SME International Alliances

This study examines how the alliance‐building process affects the intention to enter into international alliances in the case of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs). From a psychological perspective (Perceived Behavioural Control), the authors analyse the alliance‐building process as an inhibitor of the international collaboration intention, considering to what extent the experience affects the intention of the partners involved. The study explores these hypotheses based on a sample of 220 Spanish SMEs. The results provide empirical evidence showing that the intention to develop international alliances is negatively affected by the search and the selection process as well as by the negotiation of the agreement, which reduces the intention to establish an international agreement. In addition, the intention is moderated by the experience of the SME manager. Moreover, there is a negative relationship between the extent of the SME manager's international experience and the intention to develop an international alliance.     

战略联盟的范围、治理与稳定性间关系的实证研究

本文从联盟伙伴间的关系视角出发,分析了战略联盟的合作范围和治理类型对伙伴间关系稳定性的影响.由于稳定性是一个抽象且难以用显性指标直接测量的变量,本文把它构建为一个二阶因子结构,并用企业间信任、相互依赖和冲突解决这三个一阶因子来度量它.在此基础上,通过问卷调查获得127家德国联盟企业的数据,并对提出的假说进行了检验,分析结果表明合资企业比非股权契约联盟更有可能享有稳定的伙伴间合作关系,而联盟的范围即联盟协议中所包含的合作活动的多少对联盟稳定性没有显著的影响.     

Agent and Task Complexity in Multilateral Alliances: The Safeguarding Role of Equity Governance

Multilateral alliances are an inherently complex organizational form; managing these complexities is particularly difficult for alliance partners because alliances are plagued by both internal and external uncertainty. Using insights from transaction cost economics, our study identifies, articulates and tests different forms of alliance complexity and their impacts on alliance governance structure. Specifically, we investigate two forms of alliance complexity: agent and task. We decompose agent complexity into organizational and partner complexity, and decompose task complexity into geographic, transaction and technological complexity. Using a sample of 327 trilateral alliances, the most frequent form of multilateral alliances, we find that three forms of alliance complexity involving internal uncertainty (organizational, partner and technological complexity) favor equity-based governance, whereas external uncertainty in the form of geographic complexity discourages equity-based governance.     

股份制改革后国有银行的治理结构缺陷及其国际差异

从国有银行股份制改革为背景,结合中国当前国有银行的治理现状与OECD的治理原则,以及巴塞尔委员会关于银行治理的一系列准则进行对比分析,探寻其间的差异以及导致差异的内在原因.     

公司治理模式的国际比较与中国的选择

公司治理模式的国际比较显示,至今还没有清楚的证据表明哪个模式是最佳的,一个国家的公司治理结构采取什么模式是由多方面的因素决定的,没有任何一个国家的模式是完整的和一成不变的.只有不断改革、不断创新,才能适应不断变化的经济和社会现实.