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1.
Top-Down Civic Projects Are Not Grassroots Associations: How The Differences Matter in Everyday Life
Nina Eliasoph 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2009,20(3):291-308
Research on civic associations blurs an important distinction between the unfunded, informal, ongoing associations that theorists
like de Tocqueville described versus current participatory democracy projects that are funded by the state and large nongovernmental
organizations, are open to all, and are usually short-term. Based on a long-term ethnography of youth programs in the United
States, this paper shows that entities like these, which participants and researchers alike often called “volunteer” or “civic”
groups, operate very differently from traditional civic groups. The ethnography systematically details prevalent tensions
that actors face when they try to cultivate the civic spirit in these increasingly typical organizations.
相似文献
Nina EliasophEmail: |
2.
Laszlo Bruszt Balazs Vedres 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(2):140-160
In this article, we explore the ways in which partnerships with the state within state-led developmental programs might effect
the autonomy of civic organizations (COs) and their readiness to enter in political action. To identify the relationship between
collaboration with the state and civic autonomy we draw on data from a survey of 740 Hungarian regional civic associations.
We did not find support for the theses that mixing with the state might undermine the autonomy of COs and lead to their political
neutralization. Also, we did not find support for the hypotheses that political action is solely about money or it is the
property of non-autonomous NGOs. We have identified several mechanisms that allow COs to combine participation in partnership
projects with maintained autonomy and political activism.
相似文献
Balazs VedresEmail: |
3.
We test the hypothesis that in an economic recovery, unionization negatively affects job creation. We examine state-level
job growth following two recent recessions, those with troughs in November 1982 and March 1991. In the five years following
the troughs, we assess whether variations across states in union membership and right-to-work laws affect the rate of job
growth. We find evidence that links union influence to slower job growth during an economic recovery, a finding consistent
with previous studies reporting that unions negatively affect average employment and employment growth.
相似文献
Robert KrolEmail: |
4.
Paul Dekker 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2009,20(3):220-238
Activities in civil society, seen as the sphere of society in which voluntary associations are dominant, are considered an
important source of civility in modern society. By interacting and finding solutions for common problems, members of associations
turn into citizens with a broader perspective and interest in the common good. The evidence for these positive roles is at
best mixed, however. Not voluntarily associating in a separate sphere of civil society, but combining associational with public
and commercial modes of social coordination, appears to offer a more promising option for civilizing modern society. Examples
of hybridity are discussed. The paper concludes with a plea for a clearer recognition in social research of civicness as a
normative perspective.
相似文献
Paul DekkerEmail: |
5.
This exploratory study focuses on classifying attitudes toward institutional features of Individual Development Accounts (IDAs).
The study also examines the extent to which attitudes change and how they are associated with saving in IDAs. While attitudes
toward IDAs were generally positive, latent class analysis (LCA) found three groups at Wave 3: highly
positive, moderately positive, and mixed opinion. The study found dynamic changes in attitudes at 18 months and 48 months after the baseline interview. While 63% of participants
showed no changes in attitudes, 22% changed their attitudes negatively and 15% positively. Participants with highly positive
attitudes at both 18 months and 48 months had significantly more savings than participants without highly positive attitudes,
suggesting that attitudes may influence saving outcomes in IDAs.
相似文献
Michael SherradenEmail: |
6.
Changing College Students’ Financial Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behavior through Seminar Participation 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Lynne M. Borden Sun-A Lee Joyce Serido Dawn Collins 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2008,29(1):23-40
This pilot study examined the influence of Credit Wise Cats, a financial education seminar presented by Students in Free Enterprise,
on the attitudes, knowledge, and intentions toward financial responsibility of college students (N = 93). Findings suggest that the seminar effectively increased students’ financial knowledge, increased responsible attitudes
toward credit and decreased avoidant attitudes towards credit from pre-test to post-test. At post-test, students reported
intending to engage in significantly more effective financial behaviors and fewer risky financial behaviors. Finally, demographic
factors (e.g., gender and employment status) predicted students’ financial knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. These results
suggest that a seminar format may be useful in reaching a wider audience of college students and, thus, warrants future longitudinal
evaluation.
相似文献
Dawn CollinsEmail: |
7.
Susan A. Andrzejewski Judith A. Hall Elizabeth R. Salib 《Journal of Nonverbal Behavior》2009,33(1):47-58
Early literature found that holding more anti-Semitic attitudes positively predicted ability to discern whether a photograph
was of a Jewish or non-Jewish person. This contradicts the well established finding that interpersonal sensitivity is generally
associated with healthy psychological characteristics. In five new, previously unpublished studies we found that this relation
was negative, such that more prejudiced individuals were now less accurate than less prejudiced individuals at a similar task, consistent with the general finding. A meta-analysis of all
the studies showed that time was a significant moderator of the relation. Possible reasons for the temporal change are discussed.
相似文献
Judith A. Hall (Corresponding author)Email: |
8.
Myria Watkins Allen Renee Edwards Celia Ray Hayhoe Lauren Leach 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2007,28(1):3-22
This study explores the imagined interactions college students have with their parents about money and credit, their attitudes
toward credit and money, the ways they say their parents deal with financial decisions, and the communication coalitions regarding
finances they perceive existing within their family. Students’ imagined interaction pleasantness is greatest when parents
jointly form a plan for paying off credit card debt and lowest when parents argue. When family coalitions exist, students
report more frequent imagined interactions. Imagined interaction frequency and pleasantness are related to credit and money
attitudes.
相似文献
Lauren LeachEmail: |
9.
In this paper we consider the issue of the intra-household distribution of welfare directly using a survey measure of self-perceived
economic well-being. We develop a theoretical model of satisfaction within the household for couples. In the empirical analysis
we find that husbands and wives often report different levels of financial satisfaction. The most important correlate of relative
satisfaction within the household is found to be relative income. This is a direct confirmation of the previously implicit
findings and is predicted by our theoretical model.
相似文献
Martin BrowningEmail: |
10.
The dynamic effects from EU membership are crucial for the new member states to catch up with the average income level in
the old member states. To gauge the dynamic effects we follow a two-step procedure in which a gravity equation for bilateral
trade shows the trade effect of EU membership and a growth regression yields the income effect of trade. Shared EU membership
is found to increase trade between two of its member states with about 27%. EU membership may contribute to trade by inducing
countries to improve the quality of their institutions. Trade increases by another 23% if institutions improve, yielding a
total trade increase of 50%. Improved openness increases income by 38% according to our estimates. Adding a small direct effect
of improved institutions on income, the total income effect of EU membership is 40% for the 12 new members and Turkey. This
implies that EU membership, or its effect on trade and institutions, could lead to large economic gains for the new member
states, but does not bring them economically on par with the old member states.
相似文献
Paul J. G. TangEmail: |
11.
Rita Jalali 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2008,19(2):161-188
This article seeks to understand how the Indian state exercises control over transnational ties between foreign and domestic
actors by examining the national legislative practices that determine receipt of foreign funds and the data on foreign funding
flows to NGOs (a database of more than 18,000 associations). The article shows how legislative practices of democratic states
serve to reduce foreign influence. Issue characteristics are also shown to determine state response to externalization, blocking
transnational ties in “high politics” areas such as minority claims. Finally, within state imposed restrictions, religious
rather than secular organizations remain dominant transnational actors in India. The study contributes evidence to suggest
that contrary to the arguments of world polity theory and many transnational social movement scholars, states continue to
remain powerful actors limiting transnationalization.
相似文献
Rita JalaliEmail: |
12.
Plurality rule is mostly criticized from being capable of choosing an alternative considered as worst by a strict majority.
This paper considers elections in which the agenda consists of potential candidates strategically choosing whether or not
to enter the election. In this context, we examine the ability of scoring rules to fulfil the Condorcet criterion. We show
for the case of three potential candidates that Plurality rule is the only scoring rule that satisfies a version of the Condorcet
criterion in two cases: 1) when preferences are single-peaked and, 2) when preferences are single-dipped.
相似文献
Bernardo MorenoEmail: |
M. Socorro Puy (Corresponding author)Email: |
13.
David Stark 《Theory and Society》2007,36(5):469-476
This essay reviews the intellectual memoir by János Kornai, the leading economist working under the constraints of politicized
academic life in the former Soviet bloc. Kornai retells the major ideas of his work through the lens of the various periods
in his life and the ethical dilemmas faced in each. Constraints, it is shown, provided opportunities. Kornai’s work offers
a model of a public intellectual, committed to empirical analysis of social processes, and independent from political parties
and from intellectual camps in the economics profession.
David Stark is Arthur Lehman Professor of Sociology and International Affairs at Columbia University, where he directs the Center on Organizational Innovation. In fall 2007, he is Distinguished Fellow at the Institute of Advanced Study in Durham, UK, and in spring 2008, he is Scholar in Residence at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies in Cologne where he is completing a book on creative friction in heterarchical organizations. Recent publications include an historical network analysis of enterprise ties in Hungary (American Journal of Sociology 2006), a study of the foreign ties of Hungarian civic associations (Theory and Society 2006) and an analysis of PowerPoint demonstrations (Theory, Culture & Society, forthcoming). 相似文献
David StarkEmail: |
David Stark is Arthur Lehman Professor of Sociology and International Affairs at Columbia University, where he directs the Center on Organizational Innovation. In fall 2007, he is Distinguished Fellow at the Institute of Advanced Study in Durham, UK, and in spring 2008, he is Scholar in Residence at the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Societies in Cologne where he is completing a book on creative friction in heterarchical organizations. Recent publications include an historical network analysis of enterprise ties in Hungary (American Journal of Sociology 2006), a study of the foreign ties of Hungarian civic associations (Theory and Society 2006) and an analysis of PowerPoint demonstrations (Theory, Culture & Society, forthcoming). 相似文献
14.
Peter N. Stearns 《Theory and Society》2007,36(4):373-379
This is a discussion of two books by Cas Wouters, Sex and Manners: Female Emancipation in the West 1890–2000 (London: Sage, 2004), and Informalization: Manners and Emotions since 1890 (Sage, forthcoming 2007, English version).
相似文献
Peter N. StearnsEmail: |
15.
William Nilsson 《Journal of Family and Economic Issues》2008,29(3):407-426
Theoretical arguments suggest that a higher socioeconomic status can improve health and as a consequence reduce the need for
sick leave. The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate causal effects between spousal income and absence from
the workplace due to sickness. To control for unobserved heterogeneity a Swedish sample of female twins and a semiparametric
censored fixed-effects model was used. Results for dizygotic (fraternal) twins indicated that male spousal income, i.e., a
non-shared environmental influence, reduced the share of income that was government-paid sickness benefits. Data on monozygotic
twins, who have identical genes, provide a more complete control for unobserved heterogeneity. No causal effect was found
in this case.
相似文献
William NilssonEmail: |
16.
David S. Loughran Ashlesha Datar M. Rebecca Kilburn 《Review of Economics of the Household》2008,6(3):223-242
The theoretical and empirical literature on parental investment focuses on whether child-specific parental investments reinforce
or compensate for a child’s initial endowments. However, many parental investments, such as neighborhood quality and family
size and structure, are shared wholly or in part among all children in a household. The empirical results of this paper imply
that such household parental investments compensate for low endowments, as proxied by low birth weight.
相似文献
M. Rebecca KilburnEmail: |
17.
Tammy Smith 《Qualitative sociology》2006,29(3):317-333
This article considers the problem of fostering confidence in institutions in a post-war context. Situated in post-war Bosnia,
this article examines interactions between citizens and representatives of municipal governments on newly established local
planning committees to demonstrate that an individual's confidence in an institution and his/her trust in a social intimate
who works in that institution are sociologically different phenomena with correspondingly different outcomes for institution
building. Contrary to the assumption that increased social capital and interpersonal trust positively affect democratic institutions,
this article shows that interpersonal trust may actually undermine the development of institutional confidence.
相似文献
Tammy SmithEmail: |
18.
Larissa Buchholz 《Theory and Society》2006,35(4):481-490
This is a discussion of a book by Kathryn Linn Geurts, Culture and the Senses. Bodily Ways of Knowing in an African Community, Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2002; and a book by Judith Farquhar, Appetites. Food and Sex in Post-Socialist China, Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2002.
相似文献
Larissa BuchholzEmail: |
19.
Though many studies address the role of religion in predicting social attitudes over time, none has examined this relationship specifically for euthanasia. Using a large, nationally representative data source, this study seeks to address this void. Our findings indicate that considerable differences exist among religious denominations regarding the legalization of euthanasia. Specifically, we note a liberalizing trend for all included denominations. We also demonstrate substantial differences in the rates of liberalization, particularly in comparison to conservative Protestants. We conclude with an assessment of our findings relative to previous studies on religion and public opinion.
相似文献
Benjamin E. MoultonEmail: |
20.
Fadzlan Sufian 《Transition Studies Review》2009,16(1):114-126
By applying the non-parametric Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) method, this paper attempts to investigate the sources of
productivity changes of China’s State Owned Commercial Banks (SOCBs) and Joint Stock Commercial Banks (JSCBs) during the period
2000–2005. The empirical findings suggest that the China banking sector has exhibited productivity progress attributed to
the increase in efficiency. The empirical findings suggest that the SOCBs and the JSCBs have exhibited productivity progress
of 0.2 and 1.3%, respectively.
相似文献
Fadzlan SufianEmail: |