Until Death Do You Part: The Effects of Unilateral Divorce on Spousal Homicides

This study examines how the widespread adoption of unilateral divorce influenced the prevalence of lethal spousal violence in the United States. These evaluations are based on fixed-effects specifications for spousal homicide counts from an annual panel of U.S. states from 1968 to 1978. The results indicate that unrestricted unilateral divorce laws had small and statistically insignificant effects on the amount of lethal spousal violence directed against wives. However, the easy access to divorce created by such laws increased spousal homicides of husbands by approximately 21%. These increases were concentrated in states where the division of marital property favored husbands.     

土地资源配置与土地市场建设

土地既是一种重要的自然资源又是一种极为稀缺的经济资源,在国民经济和社会发展中的地位突出.建立社会主义市场经济体制,必然要求发挥市场在土地资源配置中的基础性作用,以使宝贵的土地资源在全社会范围内得到合理地利用和配置.提高土地资源配置效率与加强土地市场建设十分重要和迫切.     

小城镇土地资源优化配置指标体系研究

一、小城镇的概念与类型 (一)小城镇的概念 小城镇是介于城市和乡村之间的区域,它是把城市和乡村两个不同的区域有机的联系成为一个整体的纽带,尤其是在新的历史条件下,小城镇已经成为农村经济和社会进步的重要载体,成为带动一定区域农村经济社会发展的中心.同时,工业、商业、建筑业、服务业等以及人流、物流和信息流等在小城镇的集聚,也要求小城镇相应改善各项基础设施,以便为生产、生活和投资创造良好的环境条件.     

The College Student Psychiatric Emergency: II Diagnosis and Disposition

Abstract

Student psychiatric emergencies are a cause of great concern on college campuses, and they merit further study. The authors elucidate some of the characteristics of 1,156 visits to a hospital psychiatric emergency department made by 933 students over an eight-year period. The diagnoses given to students in emergencies were found to be equally divided among psychosis, neurosis, personality disorder, and “other.” Only about 30% of the students' visits to the psychiatric emergency department resulted in admission to the hospital; the implications, for college mental health programs, of having 70% of psychiatric emergencies returned to campus is discussed.

“Prevention of Acute Mountain Sickness by Dexamethasone,” T. Scott Johnson, et al. Acute mountain sickness is a syndrome that occurs when unacclimatized persons ascend rapidly to high altitudes. It is postulated that cerebral edema causes its symptoms. Since dexamethasone is useful in treating some forms of cerebral edema, we investigated its role in the prevention of acute mountain sickness. Using a double-blind crossover design, we exposed eight young men to a simulated altitude of 4570 m (15,000 ft) on two occasions. By random assignment, each subject received dexamethasone (4 mg every 6 hours) or placebo for 48 hours before and throughout the 42-hour exposure. The presence of symptoms of acute mountain sickness was established by two methods: a questionnaire and an interview by a physician. Dexamethasone significantly reduced the symptoms of acute mountain sickness. During dexamethasone treatment, the cerebral-symptom score (mean ± S.E.) decreased from 1.09 ± 0.18 to 0.26 ± 0.08, and the respiratory-symptom score decreased from 0.64 ± 0.09 to 0.31 ± 0.06 (both, P < 0.05). As judged by the interviewing physician, the symptom score decreased from 1.10 ± 0.11 to 0.28 ± 0.07 (P = 0.01). We conclude that dexamethasone may be effective in preventing the symptoms of acute mountain sickness. (New England Journal of Medicine 1984;310:683–6.)     

Disposition and determinism – genetic diagnostics in risk society

This article investigates the relationship between genetic determinism and the discourse of risk by making use of an elaboration of the concept of governmentality developed by Michel Foucault. After a short outline of the theoretical profile of the employed risk analysis, the main part of the text distinguishes three core level of analysis. With a view to illustrating several aspects of a ‘genetic governmentality’ the increasing social impact of genetic information is examined from the angle of truth programs, power strategies and technologies of the self.     

城郊土地资源配置的问题与对策

城市包括城区、城郊和城郊附近的农村,其中的城郊地带作为城市社会经济发展的重要空间载体和城乡经济交流的重要渠道,在城市经济发展和社会进步中正发挥着愈来愈重要的作用.如何合理引导和有序推进城郊建设进程,提高土地的整体利用水平,实现土地资源的优化配置,是当前城郊建设中的一个重要问题.     

大学生时间管理倾向与社会适应能力的关系研究

为了探求大学生时问管理倾向与社会适应能力的关系,为提高大学生的社会适应能力提供一定的理论基础,采用青少年时间管理倾向量表和社会适应能力测试量表对重庆市大学生进行调查。结果显示时间管理倾向对大学生的社会适应能力有重要影响。     

Elder Abuse and Neglect-The Legal Framework

This article looks at the legal framework for defining and responding to elder abuse and neglect in the English legal system. The role of the criminal law, domestic violence legislation, the provision of Local Authority services, registration and inspection of residential homes and dealing with financial matters are considered for their appropriateness to deal with issues and abuse. The emphasis throughout is on a legal paradigm of rights, duties and remedies. Proposals for legal reform are also discussed, and some comparisons are made with other legal systems.     

Legal aspects of service robotics

The emergent use of service robots in more and more areas of social life raises a number of legal issues which have to be addressed in order to apply and adapt the existing legal framework to this new technology. The article provides an overview of law as a means to regulate and govern technology and discusses fundamental issues of the relationship between law and technology. It then goes on to address a number of relevant problems in the field of service robotics. In particular, these issues include the organization of administrative control and the legal liability regime which applies to service robots. Also, the issue of autonomy of service robots is discussed, which cannot easily be answered under the existing, human-centered legal regime.     

生态城市建设的法制保障

生态城市是指社会、经济、自然协调发展,物质、能源、信息高效利用,基础设施完善,布局合理,生态良性循环的人类聚居地.它是技术和自然的充分融合,能使创造力和生产力得到最大限度的发挥,居民的身心健康和环境质量得到最大限度的保护.生态城市是一种在城市生态环境综合平衡制约下的城市发展模式,涉及经济、社会、环境的可持续性.     

Ethical and Legal Issues in Field Education

The social work student, field instructor, and field education staff create a series of complex relationships with multiple tasks, responsibilities, and liabilities. All too often, it is unclear how and in what capacity all of these individuals should interact. The authors highlight key issues in field education: professional boundaries, ethical responsibility, and legal liability for students, field instructors, and the school’s field staff. The authors also provide examples to illustrate potential liability in the context of each relationship involved in the field education experience. In addition, they make specific recommendations to help reduce the risk of making mistakes and to improve the quality of social work field education.     

The Adversarial Legal Process and Divorce:

This study investigated the effects of the adversarial legal process per se upon the psychological adjustment of children of divorce. A highly controlled sample, including 23 fathers and 39 mothers, divorced for an average of 2.8 years, and a total of 103 children, was investigated. Parents were interviewed independently to assess the family system pre- and post-divorce. Divorce, as a function of the adversarial process, was categorized and entered, together with the age of child and the measures of family functioning, into a multiple linear regression. The Rutter A (2) Scale measured child adjustment. The ROLES dimension of family functioning, both pre- and post-divorce, as well as an acrimonious divorce, contributed significantly to the psychological maladjustment of children, indicating that the adversarial process does not "serve the best interests" of the child. It is recommended that the adversary process be replaced by a system of divorce mediation, via Family Courts.     

Legal Challenges Facing Lesbian and Gay Youth

Legal constraints on minors can be especially problematic for lesbian and gay youth, who frequently lack support from their families and from school authorities, and whose circumstances are often misunderstood or disregarded by authorizes throughout the juvenile system. Legal mechanisms exist or can e crafted to meet the needs of lesbian and gay youth who have been rejected by their families of origin. School welfare and juvenile justice administrators must become sensitive to personal, economic, and societal pressures faced by lesbian and gay youth, and must tailor bureaucratic responses to the youthÆs particular needs. Finally, it is imperative that adults in the lesbian and gay communities take responsibility for protecting the interest of younger members of the community.     

Legal and policy implications of the flexible employment relationship

V. Conclusion The flexible employment relationship encompassing as it does so many different kinds of arrangements — temporary, leased, homeworking, telecommuting, jobsharing, and consulting workers — is not a good candidate for the kinds of across-the-board regulatory proposals that are presently popular. Although the negatives of involuntary contingent employment receive considerable attention (relatively lower wages, the absence of access to benefit plans), the advantages (mutual flexibility and the opportunity to transmit/receive training and experience) do not. Proposals to raise the relative cost of employing contingent workers need to address each of the following three concerns: First, the mix of “employees” and independent contractors some of whom voluntarily fill the ranks of contingent workers; second, the absence of any meaningful job protections or legal claims to nonmandated benefits by mostcore workers; and, finally, the possibility that in some cases contingent workers’ wages operate asde facto sub-minimum training wage. More empirical work is needed in order to evaluate each of these issues. In the meantime, a case has yet to be made for altering the existing regulatory framework facing employers of flexible workers. I am indebted to Joseph Salama for research assistance and to Michael Harper, Keith N. Hylton, Stephen Marks, and Larry Yackle for helpful comments.