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A persistent theme in much anthropological writing is the concept of the deliberate control of population numbers by hunter-gatherers as a means of achieving moderate family size, adequate nutrition, and constrained adult mortality. An analysis of the mix of theory and field evidence that led to this conclusion finds the case not proven. On the contrary, Malthusian constraints can operate, and probably did operate, to produce a hunter-gatherer society where most adults were reasonably robust and healthy even though child mortality was high and life expectancy short. The absence of population limitation in pre-Neolithic times implies high mortality as well as high fertility, and weakens the argument positing a Neolithic mortality crisis. 相似文献
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In censuses and surveys in most African countries it has become the practice to estimate informants' age by the method of the historical calendar. This involves an attempt to relate a remembered historical event, occurring during the subject's childhood, with his age at the time. This paper attempts a first evaluation of the method with particular reference to the 1961–63 multi-round survey in rural Morocco. It is shown that in practice the method is highly complex and easily misunderstood by interviewers and respondents. An attempt to lay down a precise procedure by means of a very detailed questionnaire appeared to yield at best only marginally more accurate results than the simpler procedure used in an earlier round. The more complex questionnaire did, however, introduce new patterns of misuse by the interviewer. There was evidence that the historical calendar gave somewhat better data than eye estimates, but results were highly defective for both methods. It is clear that the method is far from perfect. Interviewer training and supervision remain the key to accurate age determination. If the potential benefits of the complex historical calendar method are to be realized, training and supervision need to be even more thorough than where simpler methods are used. 相似文献
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From Voting to Violence: Democratization and Nationalist Conflict. Jack Snyder. New York, NY: Norton, 2000. 382 pages. 相似文献
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《Population and development review》2007,33(1):179-199
Book reviewed in this articles. John F. Kantner and Andrew Kantner The Struggle for International Consensus on Population and Development World Bank World Development Report 2007: Development and the Next Generation Lyla M. Hernandez and Dan G. Blazer (eds .) Genes, Behavior, and the Social Environment: Moving Beyond the Nature/NurtureDebate. World Bank Global Economic Prospects 2007: Managing the Next Wave of Globalization Daniel Jordan Smith A Culture of Corruption: Everyday Deception and Popular Discontent in Nigeria Ian Bannon and Maria C. Correia (eds .) The Other Half of Gender: Men's Issues in Development John Broome Weighing Lives Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations The State of Food and Agriculture: Agricultural Trade and Poverty: Can Trade Work for the Poor? John Glad Future Human Evolution: Eugenics in the Twenty‐First Century United Nations Development Programme Human Development Report 2006. Beyond Scarcity: Power, Poverty and the Global Water Crisis 相似文献
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《Population and development review》2005,31(2):373-383
Book reviewed in this article: Robert Neuwirth , Shadow Cities: A Billion Squatters, a New Urban World John Landers , The Field and the Forge: Population, Production, and Power in the Preindustrial West Jochen Fleischhacker , Henk A. de Gans, and Thomas K. Burch (eds.), Populations, Projections, and Politics: Critical and Historical Essays on Early Twentieth Century Population Forecasting Jean ‐Claude Chasteland , Michel Loriaux, and Louis Roussel (eds .), Démographie 2000: Une enquête internationale par Internet auprès des démographes 相似文献
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《Population and development review》2007,33(2):405-416
Book reviewed in this articles. Philippe Legrain Immigrants: Your Country Needs Them Scott Forbes A Natural History of Families Tyrene White China's Longest Campaign: Birth Planning in the People's Republic, 1949‐2005 Renzo Derosas and Frans van Poppel (eds .) Religion and the Decline of Fertility in the Western World Robert E. Goodin and Charles Tilly (eds. ) The Oxford Handbook of Contextual Political Analysis J. Richard Harrison and Glenn R. Carroll Culture and Demography in Organizations Michael Hoefer , Nancy Rytina , and Christopher Campbell Estimates of the Unauthorized Immigrant Population Residing in the United States: January 2005 Sally Engle Merry Human Rights and Gender Violence: Translating International Law into Local Justice Stephen Moses , James F. Blanchard , Han Kang , Faran Emmanuel , Sushena Reza Paul , Marissa L. Becker , David Wilson , and Mariam Claeson AIDS in South Asia: Understanding and Responding to a Heterogeneous Epidemic William F. Ruddiman Plows, Plagues, and Petroleum: How Humans Took Control of Climate 相似文献
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《Population and development review》2007,33(3):607-640
Book reviewed in this articles: Taking Stock of Population Studies: A Review Essay Review of Graziella Caselli, Jacques Vallin, and Guillaume Wunsch (eds.) Demography: Analysis and Synthesis Contesting the Cause and Severity of the Black Death: A Review Essay Review of Ole J. Benedictow, The Black Death, 1346–1353: The Complete History Saul Halfon The Cairo Consensus: Demographic Surveys, Women's Empowerment, and Regime Change in Population Policy Helen Epstein The Invisible Cure: Africa, the West, and the Fight Against AIDS SHORT REVIEWS Andrea Cornwall , Elizabeth Harrison, and Ann Whitehead (eds.) Feminisms in Development: Contradictions, Contestations and Challenges Campbell Gibson and Kay Jung The Foreign‐Born Population of the United States: 1850 to 2000 Claude Got , Patricia Delhomme, and Sylvain Lassarre More Could Be Done to Prevent Road Deaths in France Devesh Kapur and John Mc Hale Give Us Your Best and Brightest: The Global Hunt for Talent and Its Impact on the Developing World Esther Katz (ed.) The Selected Papers of Margaret Sanger. Volume 2: Birth Control Comes of Age, 1928–1939 Ça?lar Özden and Maurice Schiff (eds.) International Migration, Remittances, and the Brain Drain United Nations Population Fund State of World Population 2007: Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth 相似文献
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Using cross-sectional data from Ghana, Malaw i, Nigeria, Tanzania, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, a multilevel analysis was performed to determine the extent of correlation of nutritional status between children in the same family and geographical area. Weight-for-age z-scores were used as a measure of nutritional status for children up to three years of age. The percentage of children who were under-weight ranged from 16 in Zimbabwe up to 36 in Nigeria. The effects of socioeconomic factors and individual characteristics on nutritional status between countries varied. However in all six countries, the child's age was the most important factor associated with nutritional status. A clustering effect at the household level was found in all six countries, ranging from 24 per cent in Tanzania and Zimbabwe to 40 per cent in Malaw i. There was also a significant, but smaller, clustering effect at community level for Malaw i, Nigeria, Tanzania, and Zambia. 相似文献
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《Population and development review》2004,30(4):755-772
Laurence J. Kotlikoff AND Scott Burns The Coming Generational Storm: What You Need to Know about America's Economic Future Brian Fagan The Long Summer: How Climate Changed Civilization Catherine Hakim Models of the Family in Modern Societies: Ideals and Realities Frank D. Bean and Gillian Stevens America's Newcomers and the Dynamics of Diversity Ben J. Wattenberg Fewer: How the New Demography of Depopulation Will Shape Our Future 相似文献
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