叙事治疗理论及其社会工作实践

叙事治疗已成为当下比较流行的社会工作实践新范式,其主要理论基础是后现代主义的社会建构主义。社会建构主义认为人们的周围存在着多重的现实,视乎人们以怎样的方式进行建构。叙事疗法则在这种理论的指导下,使人们解构他们生活现实和关系的意义,并指出现实和内化的自我故事之间的差异,从而帮助人们解决问题。本文首先回顾了叙事治疗的理论渊源,总结叙事治疗理论的主要观点,并介绍了其在青少年社会工作和家庭社会工作中的运用,在此基础上提出相应评析。     

社区为本的矫正社会工作理论与实践

本文辨析了矫正社会工作和司法矫正的差别,论述了社区为本的矫正社会工作的混合属性、概念和目标,并在借鉴西方社会工作的个案管理模式,提出了中国当前开展社区矫正工作的过程阶段和相应的工作者的角色和任务。     

The Applicability of Generalizability Theory to Social Work Research and Practice

Social workers have traditionally relied upon classical reliability theory (CT) to evaluate the consistency of the measures that they develop and use. Generalizability theory (GT), which was developed by Cronbach, Gleser, Nanda, and Rajaratnam, has many advantages over CT, however. While CT lumps error into one aggregate, GT allows the researcher to identify and estimate the magnitude of multiple sources of error. Once these sources have been estimated, GT provides a means for measurement designs to be modified to minimize error. This paper outlines he advantages of GT over CT, and emphasizes how GT better allows for the expression of social work values in measurement. The addition of GT to social work curricula is recommended.     

“惯习”与社会工作实践的再思考

通过阐释布迪厄的实践意义与惯习理论的价值,对社会工作的实践进行具体分析,充分解读。提倡社会工作者的意识与思想形态及工作方法要秉承布迪厄的实践逻辑与惯习的优秀品质,随着时期的更替、目标的不同、要求的求新而不断地改变。并从中挖掘社会工作者的潜质,即采用优势视角来给予社会工作者以认可,从而调动社会工作者的积极性,提高社会工作者的工作质量,提升社会工作者的思想信念。     

Self-determination: Lessons to be Learned from Social Work Practice in India

Correspondence to Dr F. K. Ejaz Research Associate Applied Research Institute Menorah Park Center for the Aging 27100 Cedar Road, Beachwood, OH 44122 USA. Summary Self-determination is a controversial principle in social workpractice. On the one hand it is accepted as being central tosocial work and stems from the broader philosophical issuesof autonomy and respect for the individual. On the other hand,there are many doubts about its implications for practice. Thisarticle examines how the Western social work principle of self-determinationis influenced by cultural beliefs and expectations in India. Twenty-six social workers participated in a qualitative studyon the influence of culture on casework practice in Bombay,India. Open-ended questions and case studies were used to examinehow culture specific problems were handled and how workers interpretedand used some of the principles of social work practice. Social workers believed that Indian clients expected to be guidedin a therapeutic relationship. Further, clients were generallyapathetic and fatalistic about circumstances in their lives.Indian social workers came across as being maestros at bridgingeast-west differences. They subtly fulfilled social and culturalexpectations and at the same time enabled clients to assumeenough autonomy to handle their own problems.     

Social Work Teachers and Social Work Practice

Summary A survey was undertaken to discover the extent to which thosesocial work teachers who teach social work methods, continueto practise after they become educators. The results suggestthat not more than 25% do so, and many of these on only a tokenbasis. Most respondents however regarded such practice as animportant aide to the teaching of social work methods, althoughsome consider consultancy roles to be equally relevant. In nocases was such practice linked with research, and only exceptionallydid employers allow time explicitly for it. We outline fourdifferent bases on which teachers might practise, all of whichwere suggested by respondents, many of whom added personal notesto the questionnaire, indicating the extent to which this subjectis a matter of wide interest and concern     

以理论与实践整合为目标的社会工作实习督导模式探索

社会工作专业的实务性特点决定了专业实习在社会工作专业教育体系中的重要地位,督导指导下的实习是使社会工作专业的学生转变为高素质社会工作专业人才必不可少的重要学习途径。本文结合我国目前社会工作专业实习督导的现状,指出促进理论与实践整合是社会工作专业实习督导的首要目标,引入理论与实践的整合环路模型作为实习督导的理论依据,探索可操作化的社会工作专业实习督导模式。     

“惯习”与社会工作实践的再思考

通过阐释布迪厄的实践意义与“惯习”理论的价值，对社会工作的实践进行具体分析，充分解读。提倡社会工作者的意识与思想形态及工作方法要秉承布迪厄的实践逻辑与“惯习”的优秀品质，随着时期的更替、目标的不同、要求的求新而不断地改变。并从中挖掘社会工作者的潜质，即采用“优势视角”来给予社会工作者以认可，从而调动社会工作者的积极性，提高社会工作者的工作质量，提升社会工作者的思想信念。     

浅析社会工作的结构化过程

本文旨在分析社会工作的运行机制,试图溯源社会工作广泛的主客体关系,借助吉登斯的结构化理论,反思社会工作领域内的多重解释和二元对立,并将社会工作的运行机制归结到结构化的构成之中,在密布资源和规则的结构之中发现充满实践意识的行动者,从而感应社会工作发展的脉动。     

Some Implications of an Integrated Model of Social Work for Theory and Practice

Summary This paper is an attempt to assess the significance of the introductioninto this country of an ‘integrated’ or ‘unitary’approach to social work. An attempt is made to clarify the relationshipbetween paradigms, theories and models. The author claims thatan integrated approach to social work may represent a shiftfrom a predominantly individualistic conceptual model of practiceto an interactionist one. These conceptual models are comparedand critiques of the integrated model are examined. The questionis posed: is it possible to have an integrated model of practicewithout an integrated theory? Some suggestions are made concerningthe essential characteristics of such a theory and the possiblecontribution of sociology to its development Finally, some implicationsof the model for practice and for social work education arediscussed.     

心理社会理论与临床社会工作

心理社会理论把人生发展分为八个阶段,每个阶段都有各自的积极属性和消极属性。精神不健康往往是因为在以前各个发展阶段积累了过多的消极属性,当进入新的发展阶段时,缺乏或根本没有力量适应发展的要求。因此,应该帮助案主努力获得积极属性、避免消极属性。     

充权理论在企业社会工作中的实践探究

充权理论相信每个人的潜能,把恢复个体社会功能作为社会工作专业的特色内容,把弱势群体确定为社会工作充权的对象。本文以充权理论为基础,主张企业社会工作的工作内容是企业员工的社会关系,企业社会工作者的职责在于为青年工人、女员工、农民工和残疾员工等弱势群体充权。     

The Importance of Adult Guardianship for Social Work Practice

Abstract

Guardianship is a legal intervention used to protect incapacitated adults through the appointment of a surrogate decision maker. Demographic trends and improvements of medical technology suggest that gerontological social workers ought to be particularly concerned about guardianship as more people live into older ages with some degree of impairment. This article presents an overview of the guardianship decision-making process and of the roles social workers can have in promoting social justice through this process.     

Exploring Social Justice for Clinical Social Work Practice

This article explores social work practitioners' understanding of social justice and how understanding facilitates or impedes the pursuit of social justice within the practice field of mental health. Existing confusion and ambiguity regarding what social justice is poses a barrier to social justice pursuits. Analysis of qualitative interview data from practitioners resulted in a multidimensional conceptualization of social justice as social systems, resources, and transformative respect. Clinical social workers in the field of mental health with an enhanced understanding of social justice may be better prepared to meet the profession's social justice aims.     

Theory and Practice in Long Term Social Work: a Case-Study of Practice with Social Services Department Clients

Summary This study is based on empirical research into the practiceof 14 social services department social workers with 42 of theirlong term clients. The findings suggest that, contrary to expectation,this type of social work practice is not characterised by aproblem solving approach, but rather by a concern for the containmentof problems and the maintenance of stability. This leads toa restricted form of social work practice which is not linkedto any particular method of intervention. Reasons for this theory-practicehiatus are suggested along with a discussion of the issues surroundingtraining for long term social work of this kind in the future.