考虑决策者后悔规避的风险投资项目选择方法

在风险投资项目选择过程中,决策者通常是有限理性的,会尽量避免选择可能会令其感到后悔的风险投资项目,而在涉及多个行业的风险投资项目选择过程中如何考虑决策者后悔规避的心理行为因素,这方面的研究特别需要关注。本文提出了一种涉及多个行业的考虑决策者后悔规避的风险投资项目选择方法。在该方法中,首先计算各风险投资项目在不同市场状态下的项目价值;然后,计算各组合市场状态发生的概率;进一步地,构建后悔函数刻画决策者后悔的心理感知,并通过计算不同行业的各风险投资项目的综合效用值得到风险投资项目的排序结果。最后,通过一个算例说明了本文提出方法的可行性与有效性。     

风险资本与智力资本协同条件分析与效应检验

运用协同学的原理与方法对风险资本和智力资本的协同条件及变化进行了定性分析,并对二者的协同效应进行了基于风险投资持股比例的门槛效应检验。结果显示:(1)协同效应下智力资本对企业绩效显著地存在“单门槛效应”,风险投资持股比例可以作为判断风险资本与智力资本发生协同作用的条件;(2)当风险投资持股比例高于门槛值时,智力资本会加速提升企业的资产利用效率和市场价值,但这一现象在企业人力资本增值效率方面的表现并不理想。研究结论表明智力资本的增值作用仍有提升空间,但协同效应的发挥需要满足一定的条件,客观上要求创业企业要有针对性的引进风险投资,以便改革、增强并利用智力资本。     

论资本观念与会计模式

不同的经济时代有不同的资本观念,而不同资本观念决定企业权利安排,进而决定会计行为。文章论述了实物资本、人力资本、虚拟资本、无形资本、知识资本的特点及相应会计特征。在理清资本观念发展脉络基础上,提出企业应注重非物质形式资本与物质形式资本之间的转化性。最后认为,资本观念发展要求会计理论必须拓展传统资本保全理论和加强增值会计研究。     

资本结构与企业财权安排：基于利益相关者理论研究

礼仪相关者理论是现代公司治理理论的重要组成部分。基于该理论的基本思想的研究表明,在现代市场经济条件下,企业资本结构是股东投入的股权资本、债权人投入的债务资本、经营者和一般职工投入的人力资本、供应商和客户投入的市场资本、政府投入的公共环境资本等财务资本和非财务资本构成的共同合约;以此为基础,企业财权安排要平等地对待各利益相关者,在企业财务方面要建立共同治理和相机治理相结合的治理结构,以实现各利益相关者的产权权益,提高企业财务的决策效率和治理效率。     

A Social Capital Perspective of Innovation from Individuals to Nations: Where is Empirical Literature Directing Us?

Social capital is regarded as the bedrock of innovation. However, inadequate efforts have been made to synthesize the way in which different components of social capital dynamically influence innovation. This paper reviews existing empirical studies on the relationship between social capital and innovation of the individual, team, organization, city and nation. Analyses were carried out to identify consensus, discordances and gaps in the social capital–innovation connection. The findings suggested that the structural components of social capital, including ego network size, structural holes, tie strength and centrality have a significant impact on innovation. Their impact, however, tends to be moderated by contextual and intellectual factors, such as the nature and type of innovation, internal vs external ties, costs of maintaining the ties and existing intellectual capital. The relational components of social capital, trust and cognitive norms, demonstrated a consistently positive relationship with innovation across contexts. The cognitive components of social capital have not sufficiently established their contribution to innovation apart from the other two dimensions. Several insights regarding the general literature on social capital and innovation were identified, including the conceptualization of social capital, measurement of innovation, and the causal relationship between social capital and innovation. Suggestions are offered for future research agenda. Implications for managerial practices based on the study findings are also drawn.     

基于协高阶矩检验体系的中国资本市场开放与风险传染效应研究

近年来,我国资本市场的开放不断向全面纵深推进,但有关这一进程中风险传染的研究却存在诸多待改进之处。以2000年后我国资本市场开放的若干重大事件为节点,运用协高阶矩风险传染检验体系,对我国资本市场与国际主要资本市场之间的风险传染状况及动态趋势进行了全面系统的考察,取得的主要结论包括：我国资本市场与国际主要资本市场之间的风险传染更多发生在波动、偏度和峰度等高阶矩层面;全球主要资本市场对我国资本市场的风险传染经历了上升—下跌—上升的非线性过程,其间,2006年合格境内机构投资者(QDII)正式进军国际市场和2018年A股正式纳入MSCI指数体系,对我国资本市场与国际主要资本市场之间的风险传染具有极为重要的影响;各国(地区)资本市场对我国资本市场的风险传染呈现聚集性,并在我国实施各类资本市场开放政策的前期更为显著;中国香港市场和日本市场对我国内地市场的风险传染效应最为显著,而2018年A股正式成为全球配资标的后,美国市场对我国内地市场的影响跃居第一,美国市场的影响力随着资本市场的逐渐开放而日益凸显。     

The sophistication of capital budgeting in Malaysian companies

The sophistication of capital budgeting in 70 Malaysian companies is assessed in terms of a three-stage model of the capital budgeting process with reference to the following: the percentage of capital investments for which the techniques are used, explicit assessment of risk, the method of determining the cost of capital, the method of measuring cash flows, the formal profit contribution analysis, the extent of use of management science/operations research in capital budgeting, information systems support and the planning and control of capital expenditures. The assessment reveals a general tendency in the direction of increasing sophistication in the various phases of capital budgeting in Malaysian companies.     

Forms of Network Resource: Knowledge Access and the Role of Inter‐Firm Networks

The leveraging of inter‐firm networks is increasingly considered to be a strategic resource that can potentially be shaped by managerial action. In recent years, scholars have turned to the concept of social capital to understand how the transfer of knowledge occurs within and across firms. However, this has resulted in an overstretching of the social capital concept. The aim of this paper is to refine and add specificity to the current broad application of the social capital concept. It is argued that although the social capital concept explains investments in networks based on a network logic relating to sociability and socialization, it does not explain investments in networks based on a logic relating to economic expectations. These expectations result in network participation that is more calculative than networks containing social capital. The paper introduces the notion of ‘network capital’ to explain the resources contained within inter‐firm networks that do not necessarily equate with the type of trust and obligations associated with social capital. Network capital is defined as an investment in calculative relations through which firms gain access to knowledge to enhance expected economic returns. It is argued that while network capital can be strategically managed, particularly to influence knowledge flow, the nature of social capital is such that it is very difficult to manage. It is concluded that the network capital–social capital framework opens a number of avenues in terms of future research, especially in relation to the extended resource‐based view of the firm and theories of open innovation.     

The Development of Entrepreneurial Leadership: The Role of Human,Social and Institutional Capital

This paper contributes to the literature on entrepreneurial leadership development. Leadership studies are characterized by an increasing emphasis given to an individual leader's social and organizational domain. Within the context of human capital and social capital theory, the paper reflects on the emergence of a social capital theory of leadership development. Using a retrospective, interpretivist research method, the authors present the experience of a cohort of business leaders on an executive development programme to uncover the everydayness of leadership development in practice. Specifically, they explore how entrepreneurial leadership develops as a social process and what the role of social capital is in this. The findings suggest that the enhancement of leaders’ human capital only occurred through their development of social capital. There is not, as extant literature suggests, a clear separation between leader development and leadership development. Further, the analysis implies that the social capital theory of leadership is limited in the context of the entrepreneurial small firm, and the authors propose that it should be expanded to incorporate institutional capital, that is, the formal structures and organizations which enhance the role of social capital and go beyond enriching the human capital stock of individual leaders.     

智力资本对顾客参与的驱动影响：转化式学习视角

当前,智力资本影响顾客参与的复杂化发展趋势越来越明显。借鉴资源基础理论、企业吸收能力理论和开放式创新理论的代表性观点,探索智力资本对顾客参与的直接影响和转化式学习视角的间接影响机制是顺应企业实践发展趋势和弥补已有研究缺憾的必然。 在解构智力资本和顾客参与维度的基础上,引入转化式学习的概念,构建智力资本直接影响顾客参与及其通过转化式学习间接影响顾客参与机制的框架模型并提出具体假设,以江苏省创新型企业的独立新产品开发项目为取样单元,收集到255份有效问卷,运用Lisrel 8.70软件中的结构方程模型方法进行假设验证。 研究结果表明,作为智力资本的3个维度,人力资本、结构资本、关系资本对顾客参与的参与制度和参与程度具有直接而积极的影响;转化式学习在人力资本、结构资本和关系资本影响参与制度和参与程度的关系中起到一定程度的中介效应。 研究结果从学术层面厘清了智力资本、顾客参与的关键维度构成以及两者之间的复杂影响关系,为企业重新认识智力资本和顾客参与的丰富实践内涵提供理论依据,使企业从人力资本、结构资本和关系资本组成视角积累有益于直接驱动顾客参与的智力资本成为可能,向企业提供了通过构建转化式学习机制以充分发挥智力资本对顾客参与的间接驱动效应的可操作工具。     

基于企业生命周期的智力资本对企业价值影响研究

以我国高科技上市公司为样本的分组回归结果表明,高科技企业的智力资本不但显著影响企业价值创造结果,而且显著影响资本市场对企业市场价值的感知与评价;企业生命周期在智力资本与企业价值之间确实具有调节效应,智力资本要素在不同企业生命周期阶段发挥的价值作用不同,处于成熟期的高科技企业智力资本发挥的价值作用最大。在企业成长期,人力资本、创新资本都是高科技企业价值创造的主要要素,显著提升企业价值;在衰退期,只有人力资本是主要提升企业价值的要素。由此,企业管理者应根据企业生命周期具体阶段制定恰当的智力资本投资和管理策略,以在复杂而激烈的竞争环境中保持企业竞争优势。     

Clarifying the Effect of Intellectual Capital on Performance: The Mediating Role of Dynamic Capability

Recent studies suggest a potential relationship between intellectual capital and dynamic capability in achieving performance. This is unsettling for managers because these studies contain little effort to develop a framework for understanding the relationship. To examine this unnerving potential, we develop and test a theoretical model that explains how dynamic capability mediates the impact of intellectual capital on performance. In this study, the scope of intellectual capital includes human capital, relational capital and structural capital. This study examines the pooled data of 242 high‐technology firms from 2001 to 2008. Results from Bayesian regression analysis suggest that the effect of structural capital on performance is completely mediated by dynamic capability. Furthermore, the findings show that dynamic capability does not completely mediate the respective effects of human capital and relational capital on performance, but does so only partially. These results provide convincing support for the importance of dynamic capability through accumulating R&D and marketing capability over time, thereby enhancing firm performance. The empirical findings and the ensuing discussion will be of interest to managers and practitioners.     

无形资本VS有形资本:创意产业新企业生存能力的影响因素分析

通过分析金融资本、关系资本和先前经验这三类重要的创业资源对创意产业新企业生存能力的影响,比较了无形资本与有形资本对新企业生存能力影响程度的大小。结果表明,创业者拥有的有形资本对创意产业新企业的生存更加重要,尤其是在新企业成立的初期,避免新企业创立初期现金流局限可能造成的关键员工信心丧失和人员流失,才能保证附着于其上的关系资本和先前经验等无形资本发挥重要作用。     

上市公司资本结构特点的实证分析

资本结构决策是企业融资决策的核心问题。国内学者对于资本结构的研究,无论是研究资本结构与企业价值的关系,还是研究影响资本结构的因素,都缺乏对我国上市公司资本结构的特点及分布规律的整体认识,从而把握上市公司资本结构的理论依据和实践特点,因此,本文提出我国上市公司资本结构的一些主要特点,进而分析影响上市公司资本结构的主要因素,得出企业的获利能力、流动比率、固定资产比例与负债率负相关;公司规模、公司的成长性与负债率正相关的结论,为进一步的实证分析提供了理论基础。     

Social Increasing Returns and the Effects of Immigration on the Host Country Economy

In this paper we analyse the impact of both the number of immigrants and their human capital on the welfare of the host economy. We will show that in the presence of ‘social increasing returns’ in human and physical capital accumulation, arising from a labour market characterized by a costly search and by randomness of the matching technology, immigrants’ skill level may influence the investments in human capital of natives as well as the investments in physical capital. We will find that the immigrants’ human capital interacts with social increasing returns making them stronger or weaker according to the level of immigrants’ human capital relative to that of natives. If immigrants have a higher level of human capital, increasing returns are accelerated, while if immigrants’ human capital is lower, increasing returns are weakened if not reversed. The consequence of this behaviour is that in the first case immigration has a positive impact on native welfare and there is a positive interrelation between the skills of natives, the skills of immigrants and the firms’ level of physical capital. In the second case immigration may have a negative impact on the welfare of natives, on the skills of native workers and on the physical capital of firms.     

基于最优停时理论的创业投资退出决策模型研究

创业投资的退出是创业投资运作过程中最关键的环节,对创业投资退出问题的研究是创业投资理论的关注重点。论文以研究创业投资不同退出方式的价值为对象,基于创业投资项目产生的现金流遵循几何布朗运动假设的基础上,分析了创业投资项目采取立即退出的价值和继续维持以获取最优退出方式的价值,以最优停时理论为建模依据,比较这两种情况的价值构建了创业投资退出时机的一般模型。在分析不同退出方式产生的退出损益基础上,结合一般模型构建了最优退出方式和最优退出时机相结合的退出决策模型。论文提出了一个分析创业投资退出决策的一般模型,并用该模型对一个实例进行模拟分析,以便验证模型的实用性。     

A POLITICAL ECONOMY THEORY OF PARTIAL DECENTRALIZATION

We revisit the classic problem of tax competition in the context of federal nations, and derive a positive theory of partial decentralization. A capital poor median voter chooses to use redistributive capital taxes to provide public goods. The expectation of high capital taxes, however, results in a small capital stock which lowers returns to redistribution. The median voter therefore wants to commit to a lower level of capital taxes. She does so by setting a partial degree of decentralization in the Constitution. The equilibrium degree of decentralization balances the positive effect of tax competition on capital taxes with the loss in redistribution that results. We show that the degree of decentralization is nonmonotonic in inequality, increasing in the redistributive efficiency of public good provision, and decreasing in capital productivity. When public goods are heterogeneous in their capacity to transfer funds, all voters agree that goods with high redistributive capacity should be decentralized.     

Linking young individuals' capital to investment intentions: Comparing two cultural backgrounds

By integrating the Entrepreneurial Intentionality Model and the Theory of Planned Behaviour, we explored the effects of human, social and financial capital on young individuals' investment intentions in two groups (97 English and 97 Greeks). Results indicated that human capital is directly and indirectly related to investment intentions via, first, subjective norms and, consequently, personal attitudes and perceived behavioural control, while social capital is only indirectly related to investment intentions via perceived behavioural control. In the individualistic group (English), human capital related directly and positively with investment intentions while social capital related indirectly to investment intentions via its positive relationship to subjective norms. With regard to participants from a collectivistic background (Greeks), human capital related indirectly to investment intentions via, first, subjective norms and, consequently, personal attitudes and perceived behavioural control, while social capital related directly and indirectly to investment intentions via perceived behavioural control. Financial capital was only negatively related to investment intentions in the total and Greek sample.     

中国外资需求的建模及协整分析

90年代以来,随着我国利用外资的大幅增长,由引资规模、引资结构不当等原因引起的负面效应逐渐加大作用,它严重影响着我国国内的经济建设。了解我国利用外资情况,对我国外资需求进行深入的研究,建立合理的外资需求模型,对我国引进外资的规模进行计划决策,充分发挥外资的正面效应是非常重要的。     

人力资源管理实践与企业绩效:基于动态环境的实证研究

根据对中国大陆企业人力资源部的经理和有关管理人员进行调查的111份有效问卷,分析经济转型和企业国际化的动态环境下,人力资本、人力资源管理实践与企业绩效的关系。通过质量和数量、匹配性、互补性、异质性这4个指标来衡量企业的人力资本,并以层级回归和多层次理论对假设进行实证检验。研究结果表明,人力资源管理实践对企业绩效的影响是通过人力资本的部分中介作用来表现的;动态环境会减弱人力资源管理实践影响人力资本的直接作用关系,以及减弱人力资本的中介作用,即与稳定的环境相比,动态环境在人力资源管理实践与人力资本间具有调节效应。