权力感和社会价值取向对个体利己行为的影响

社会价值取向是影响个体社会决策的重要因素之一。越来越多研究显示社会价值取向对行为决策的影响还涉及很多外界因素。研究设置了高低权力情境下的金钱分配任务,要求被试将一定数目的金钱分配给自己和他人,通过观察被试在其中的分配量差异,发现分配量和权力感的社会价值取向主效应、权力情境主效应显著,分配量的社会价值取向与权力情境的交互作用显著,高权力情境下,权力感在社会价值取向与分配量间存在部分中介效应。社会价值取向影响个体对权力的感知,进而影响其利己行为,表现为亲自我者有更高的权力感,利己行为更多。研究还探讨了社会价值取向影响个体社会决策的内在机制。     

“路西法效应”与刑讯逼供——社会心理学视野下的刑讯逼供

刑讯逼供现象在我国刑事司法中的屡禁不止,严重地影响着我国刑事司法文明进程。对这一现象,以往的学者多从思想来源、价值取向、制度缺陷和实践操作四个方面寻找原因并开展研究。社会心理学强调情境因素对社会行为的影响。从社会心理学视角来看,刑讯逼供行为是发生在讯问情境中的社会行为。讯问情境中讯问双方权力差异引发的心理效应、讯问者的角色行为及其与被讯问者的角色互动、讯问者的群体心理效应、讯问者挫折感都可能是诱发刑讯逼供行为的重要情境因素。     

现代空间与女性问题

现代空间是造成女性问题的重要原因.西方马克思主义女性主义者对这一问题展开了深入的理论探讨,认为女性被置于边缘、被作为客体、被社会结构和权力关系所排斥根源于现代空间的层级性、主体性、结构性和权力性特质.在重新理解现代性的基础上,进一步重塑对现代空间的认识是解决这一问题的重要途径.     

话语研究的新途径——中介话语分析

中介话语分析由R.Scollon教授提出,它借鉴了言语行为理论、互动社会语言学、民族志方法、新读写能力研究领域的成果,以社会行为为研究对象,以社会问题为导向,关注中介行为、中介手段、实践、介入面和实践结点。文章对中介话语分析方法做简要述评,主要涉及其理论背景、基本概念、理论原则和研究方法,并比较它与批评话语分析的异同,进一步指出其优势及将来发展前景。      

城市的政治逻辑:国外城市权力结构研究述评

权力及权力结构一直是政治学、行政学等学科研究的大问题.从精英论、多元论到增长机器论、城市体制论,再到治理与伙伴制,乃至城市社会运动,论文梳理了近年来国外关于城市权力结构研究的不同流派,并分析了其理论内涵与传承关系,同时提出了目前中国城市政治与行政学研究需要迫切回答的问题.     

女性性资本化现象的社会转型逻辑——以女性性出卖为例

性经历了漫长的社会文明,逐步和人体其他生理结构分离,并成为超越身体而存在的一种独特的文化、经济和社会现象。当下的性特别是女性的性出现了去生殖性、资源化、文化化而成为一种资本存在的现象,主要表现为性与权力、经济、社会、文化等资源的交换,且性本身也成为一种产业和经济存在。女性性资本化何以可能?研究认为社会转型是其形成和发展的重要引擎和隐性推手,社会转型导致的信仰缺失、社会流动加剧、性文化衍变是女性性资本化的催生逻辑。     

浅论批评话语分析视角下的社会性别话语

社会性别是自20世纪80年代以来开始越来越受到学术界重视的一个概念,是体现权力关系的一种基本途径。比较关注权力关系研究的批评话语分析自然也关注有关社会性别话语的研究,其理论的批判性和反思性为社会性别研究提供了崭新的视角。本文将在批评话语分析视角下对有关社会性别话语的研究进行简要述评。     

第二语言口语流利性研究述评

国外语言界就第二语言口语流利性方面的研究已基本形成体系,但国内尚处于初始阶段.本文就国外有关第二语言口语流利性方面的研究从流利性概念的界定、研究理论基础(认识模式、发展解释模式等)、影响口语流利性的内外因素和主要实证分析结论进行综合述评,并对现有国内研究现状予以比较,以期促进我国英语学习者口语流利性的获得和对流利性研究的进一步发展.     

《奇异的插曲》中权力关系分析

运用米歇尔·福柯的权力理论分析尤金·奥尼尔的女人剧《奇异的插曲》,剧中充斥着三组微观权力关系——权力与知识、权力与性、话语与权力。该剧的女主人公尼娜·利兹原本生活在传统清教社会的男权制度中,但是战争冲垮了美国社会原有的知识体系和伦理价值观,促使她女性意识的觉醒,并且终其一生,致力于抵制传统价值观以及积极构建女性话语的斗争中。     

委托代理视角下的审计环境分析

现代独立审计是为减少所有者与经营者之间委托代理关系而产生的代理成本的一种重要外部治理机制,而其本身又存在着所有者与审计委托权代理人之间的委托代理关系。财务会计报告从生成到流向社会公众手中这一过程包括两个重要环节:第一个是财务会计报告的生成环节,此时财务会计报告的真实性取决于所有者与经营者之间的委托代理问题的解决;第二个是审计环节,在这一环节财务会计报告的真实性间接地取决于审计意见的真实性,后者又很大程度上取决于所有者与审计委托人之间的代理问题的解决。要确保财务会计报告的真实性,必须从这两个环节中的委托代理问题的分析入手采取相应措施。     

人事代理制的特征与趋势分析

人事代理制自诞生以来,已显示其在社会主义市场经济中的强大生命力。由于该制度的产生与实践的时间都不长,还有许多问题需要深入思考。本文通过分析人事代理制在社会主义市场经济条件下的五个特征,推测其发展趋势,以促进对该制度的研究。      

Women’s Wages and Fertility Revisited Evidence from Norway

The prediction of New Home Economics of a negative effect of female wages on fertility has been tested in a number of studies, but the results are far from unanimous. This article contributes with new evidence based on registry data covering all Norwegian women born in 1955–1974 and a simultaneous hazard model of transitions to first, second and third birth. We find a U-shaped relationship between wages and the log hazard for all cohorts, however, varying in strength and across parity. In transitions to first birth, most women are likely to be on the downward slope of the curve, implying that the wage effect is mainly negative. In transitions to second and third birth, most women are likely to be on the upward slope of the curve, where the wage effect is positive. The results are not very sensitive to the omission of education and income of the spouse.     

Resource Access and Status Versus Values and Agency: Is There a Correspondence?

This paper attempts to explore the correspondence (or lack of it) between women’s access to resources and their social status on one hand and between women’s social status and their values and agency on the other. This would necessarily involve an assessment of the role of women’s access to resources towards their attitudinal transformation and ability to exercise agency. However, this also entails an understanding of the circumstances including norms and institutions amidst which women exercise choices. While gender research today boasts of rich empirical contributions, the implication of women’s improved resource access on intra-family-gendered relation as well as on women’s own preferences and agency roles still deserves a comprehensive inquiry. This paper attempts to conduct such an exercise in Indian context, by utilizing existing demographic health survey and other data. It observes that despite women’s control over resources and access to education, gendered role as well as attitudes and preferences of men and of women themselves, remain intact. While this observation underlines the impinging role of social context, alongside it also reflects the inefficacy of using conventional indicators to measure women’s autonomy and gender equality.     

桂北地区农村出生人口性别比调查报告

课题组选择桂林所属的8个县(区)的7个乡、21个村、1个街道办事处进行了实地调查研究。调查表明:多生孩子已不再是育龄妇女生育的目标,对孩子的质量和男性偏好要求提高;出生人口性别比持续偏高主要表现在二孩上;出生人口性别比失衡不单是经济问题和养老问题,主要是人们的观念问题,一些政策法规的导向也是出生婴儿性别比偏高的原因之一。     

Being Muslim: Unveiling the Voices of Asian Muslim Women Travellers

A quick Google search for the keywords Muslim women travel will lead to myriad travel stories online. Undoubtedly, an increasing number of Muslim women are travelling beyond borders, breaking bigotry and gender bias. In light of the dynamic changes in the travel landscape, this study seeks to unveil the voices of Asian Muslim women. It offers an alternative viewpoint as most available discourses propose interpretations of Muslim women by focusing on travel experiences of the Arab Muslim woman. Based on in-depth interviews with 10 Asian Muslim women travellers aged between 22 and 37 years old from four different countries (Bangladesh, Indonesia, Philippines and Malaysia), the findings were explored and explained from three dimensions of empowerment proposed by Kabeer namely resources, agency and achievements. Research findings show that Muslim women in Asia are travelling without abandoning their cultural or religious beliefs. The proliferation of Muslim women travellers contests the view that gendered interpretations of religious texts promote patriarchal orientation in Muslim community that suppresses women leisure. In a way, this paper challenges the continuous misconceptions about Islam and travel among Muslim women. These women learn to unlearn patriarchy by seeking answers in the right places while they learn more about their self, religion and the world.     

“单独二孩”政策的利与弊

"单独二孩"政策有利有弊,其直接意义在于缓解"一个孩子"政策所带来的问题。该政策的积极效果表现在:可以适当提高生育水平;适当缓解中国人口年龄结构的老化;群众有更多自主选择生育的权利;家庭结构得到平衡发展;缓解出生人口漏报;缓解出生性别比过度偏高;缓解人口素质逆淘汰;推动计划生育工作综合改革。然而,由于政策的调整在一定程度上仍然属于"硬着陆",必然会带来一些问题,主要包括:近几年会出现符合单独二孩政策夫妇的集中生育;很多高危人群生育会导致孕产妇死亡率上升和出生缺陷发生率的上升;政策调整本身就带来了生育的不公平或机会的不平等。建议:用奖励的方式鼓励年轻妇女晚生育第二个孩子;设立高危妊娠咨询和指导中心;政府为无机会和能力再生育的家庭承担更多责任。     

How Similar are Cohabiting and Married Parents? Second Conception Risks by Union Type in the United States and Across Europe

The increase in births within cohabitation in the United States and across Europe suggests that cohabitation and marriage have become more similar with respect to childbearing. However, little is known about additional childbearing after first birth. Using harmonized union and fertility histories from surveys in 15 countries, this study examines second conception risks leading to a live birth for women who have given birth within a union. Results show that women who continue to cohabit after birth have significantly lower second conception risks than married women in all countries except those in Eastern Europe, even when controlling for union duration, union dissolution, age at first birth, and education. Pooled models indicate that differences in the second conception risks by union type between Eastern and Western Europe are significant. Pooled models including an indicator for the diffusion of cohabitation show that when first births within cohabitation are rare, cohabiting women have significantly lower second conception risks than married women. As first births within cohabitation increase, differences in second conception risks for cohabiting and married women narrow. But as the percent increases further, the differentials increase again, suggesting that cohabitation and marriage are not becoming equivalent settings for additional childbearing. However, I also find that in all countries except Estonia, women who marry after first birth have second conception risks similar to couples married at first birth, indicating that the sequence of marriage and childbearing does not matter to fertility as much as the act of marrying itself.     

河南省部分农村地区育龄妇女生育意愿分析

通过多阶段整群抽样方法对2 098名河南农村育龄妇女进行横断面调查和利用SAS9.0软件对调查数据进行分析,我省育龄妇女中希望生育2个或2个以下孩子的占99.28%;期望生男孩的是期望生女孩的1.8倍;年龄越小,对生男孩子的期望越低。这说明河南农村育龄妇女生育观念有了较大的转变。     

陕西省农村已婚妇女“五期”情况调查

女性是生育任务的直接承担者,生理的特殊性形成了女性有别于男性的生理周期——经期、孕期、围产期、哺乳期和更年期。通过对陕西省农村已婚妇女“五期”情况的调查发现．农村已婚妇女的生殖健康状况与世界卫生组织所提出的“2015年人人享有生殖健康”的卫生战略目标差距较大。为了缩小这一差距,建议采取以下措施：加强组织领导,加大政府投入;加强乡镇医院医疗环境条件的改善,提高医护人员服务质量;对农村妇女进行教育引导,变“要我检查”为“我要检查”：积极开展家庭教育,提高丈夫对生殖健康的认识,营造一个良好的生殖健康社会文化环境。