创建一支新型的人口与计划生育行政执法队——重庆市奉节县人口与计划生育行政执法队实践与思考

随着依法治国方略的推进,各地人口计生部门积极探索依法行政新形式、规范行政执法行为,一些地方陆续成立了人口与计划生育行政执法队(以下简称人口计生执法队)。其中,重庆市奉节县人口与计划生育行政执法队(以下简称奉节县人口计生执法队)是全国人口计生系统经地方编委批准的第一支专业执法队伍。近日,我们专程赴奉节县,通过专题汇报、现场座谈、实地走访等多种方式,对奉节县人口计生执法队成立的必要性、可行性、机构职能、运作模式及执法效果进行了专题调研。     

计划生育行政执法面临的问题与对策

目前 ,计划生育行政执法仍然存在一些问题 ,研究和解决这些问题对于进一步贯彻落实《国务院关于全面推行依法行政的决定》和加强人口与计划生育工作 ,稳定低生育水平事关重大。1　计划生育行政执法存在的问题(1 )基层干部对计生执法认识不足。绝大多数基层计生干部由于没有接受法律法规的系统培训 ,有的对计生行政执法的概念不清 ,有的简单地认为 :对计划外生育者的处理、处罚就是计划生育行政执法 ,执法就是征收计划外生育费 ,计生执法的内容不清 ,职能职责模糊 ;(2 )计划生育行政执法水平不高。有的计生干部对计生行政处理、行政处罚的范…     

建立案件管理局域网

为更好地贯彻落实《人口与计划生育法》,并推动信息化建设,河北省迁安市计生局与市人民法院计划生育执行庭建立计生案件执行管理局域网,使计生网与法院网联网,实现计生案件执行、查询情况自动化,其具体做法是: 一是建好法律法规数据库。将《人口     

积极实践计划生育行政执法新形式

近年来,浙江省富阳市计生局积极实践依法行政新形式,规范行政执法行为,努力营造依法行政,依法管理的浓厚氛围,为人口与计划生育工作带来了全新的法制环境,有力地推动了全市人口与计划生育工作整体水平的提高。一、加强法制宣传,营造计划生育依法行政新环境营造良好的执法环境。去年,富阳市政府成立由计生、纪检、法院、公安、工商、税务等部门组成的计划生育行政执法领导小组,进一步明确相关部门的职责,同时还落实了联络员、信息互通以及重大案件专题协调等工作制度,立案查处重点、难点案件3件,其中2件已得到圆满解决,促进了各级各部门对计…     

建立计划生育行政执法责任制初探

贯彻落实好《人口与计划生育法》,促进各级计划生育行政执法人员明确职责、依法行政、文明执法,切实维护群众的合法利益,建立和完善计划生育行政执法责任制是非常必要的。笔者就县一级计生行政执法责任制的落实,提出几点粗浅的看法。     

军地“双管”共谋发展

四川预师炮兵团计生工作始终坚持以人为本,努力建立健全计划生育军地双轨管理机制,切实加强“双管”载体建设,取得了明显成效。其具体做法是: 1.选准载体,开展“三项服务”。为了使计生军地“双轨”管理深入人心,落到实处,炮兵团重点开展了“三项服务”。一是开展宣传教育服务,提高“双管”对象遵守计生法律法规的自觉性。对“双管”对象始终坚持教育疏导,把《人口与计划生育法》、《军队计划生育条例》、《四川省人口与计划生育条例》等法律法规作为宣传教     

完善六项机制 推动人口计生工作上台阶

河北省新乐市坚持以综合改革统揽人口计生工作全局,着力完善"统筹协调、科学管理、优质服务、利益导向、群众自治、人财保障"六项机制,推进人口计生工作上台阶。完善统筹协调机制,推动人口发展综合决策。实行公共决策人口初审制度,出台经济社会政策时与计划生育基本国策相衔接,制定民生普惠政策时体现对计划生育家庭的奖励和优先优惠,在提拔使用干部、入党、推荐党代表、人大代表、政协委员等以及在部门和单位评优、评先时,均由计生部门进行计划生育审查。年初,市委、市政府按照《新乐市人口和计划生育工作考核奖惩办法》,与各乡镇(街道)及市直部门签订了《人口与计划生育考核目标责任书》;各乡     

调整思维 转变方法 推进《人口与计划生育》发行工作

大连市多年来始终把《人口与计划生育》杂志的订阅当成衡量本地区计生工作总体水平的一个重要标志,认真抓紧抓好。去年,全市订阅 2001年《人口与计划生育》杂志 1245份,比上一年增加 246份,在全国计划单列市中排列第一名。 一、变压力为动力,在稳定中寻求突破 《人口与计划生育》杂志是我国人口与计划生育舆论宣传工作的重要媒体,在宣传党和国家人口方针政策,反映全国各地计划生育工作动态,普及人口与计划生育科学知识,引导群众树立科学、文明、进步的婚育观念等方面发挥了重要作用。我市各级计生部门对计生报刊的征订工作一直高…     

坚持稳定低生育水平以人的全面发展统筹解决人口问题

一、“十五”时期人口和计划生育工作的主要进展和基本经验在党中央、国务院的正确领导下,人口计生部门深入学习贯彻《中共中央国务院关于加强人口与计划生育工作稳定低生育水平的决定》精神,锐意进取,改革创新,使“十五”时期的人口和计划生育工作发生了重大变化:第一,推动制定了《中华人民共和国人口与计划生育法》及其配套法规规章,修订完善了地方条例,使人口计生工作进入了依法管理、优质服务的发展阶段;第二,深入开展人口计生综合改革,推动建立适应社会主义市场经济体制要求的工作新机     

聘请计划生育监督员

湖北省襄樊市樊城区为了更好地贯彻落实计生执法责任制和计生执法违法责任追究制，加大计划生育行政执法力度，加强计生系统的廉政建设，端正计生领域的行业风气，促使全区计生工作上台阶、上水平，经区计生委党组研究，报区“四大家”同意，决定聘请１０名区人大代表和１０名区政协委员为樊城区计划生育监督员。计划生育监督员享有对《湖北省计划生育条例》和《湖北省流动人口计划生育管理实施办法》的贯彻执行情况进行监督、批评、纠正以及提出相应建议及整改意见的权力，加强对《条例》和《办法》的宣传，对计划外生育案件进行举报。区计…     

社会安全阀机制与贫富差距调适

当前,我国贫富差距较大已是一客观不争的社会事实。社会安全阀机制则起着调适贫富差距的作用,从而缓解了贫富差距所可能导致的利益和社会冲突,维持和促进了社会的稳定与发展。研究立足于贫富差距较大的客观现实,着重对现有社会安全阀机制进行分析,并指出在健全和完善相应社会安全阀机制的基础上消除较大的贫富差距。     

关于我国“民工荒”与农民工福利待遇的探讨

2004年前后在我国珠三角等地出现了"民工荒"现象,这是否意味着我国农村劳动力乡-城迁移已经接近尾声,从而农村实现土地规模化经营的时机已经成熟?本文根据托达罗模型,利用成本-收益分析法,提出这是农民进城务工收入与务农收入之间差距缩小导致的农村劳动力做出的非迁移决策.并探讨了设置农民工福利项目对劳动力市场和企业雇佣成本的影响.     

Childhood disadvantages and the timing of the onset of natural menopause in Latin America and the Caribbean

The aim of this study is to investigate the association of early life factors with the timing of the onset of natural menopause in Costa Rica and Puerto Rico. We use Cox proportional hazard models to estimate the risk of the onset of menopause. Our results suggest that socioeconomic disadvantages, as expressed by difficulties attending school due to economic hardships or parents never living together, increase the risk of the onset of natural menopause among Puerto Rican women. Among Costa Rican women, early life nutrition, estimated using anthropometric measures, is related to the timing of the onset of natural menopause.     

Patriarchy and the Horror of the Monstrous Feminine

This paper compares the gender politics expressed in Ringu and The Ring, paying particular attention to specific and noteworthy distinctions and crucial underlying cultural differences that structure and shape the gender politics articulated in the two films. While highlighting the divergences in the films' narratives and examining how their depictions of female characters reveal the fundamental historical, cultural, social and ideological forces that structure Eastern and Western views of femininity, women, and their roles in society, this paper argues that although both films reflect a misogynist patriarchal perspective in their depiction of evil, violent, destructive females, it is the American remake that is ultimately more conservative and reactionary in its simplistic alignment of women, the feminine and maternity with evil and monstrosity. In comparison, the Japanese original offers a more ambiguous treatment of a key female character, the mysterious and deadly Sadako, allowing her to emerge as a potential figure of resistance against conservative patriarchy, an element that is distinctly absent in the American remake.     

The formal dynamics of controlled populations and the echo,the boom and the bust

This paper analyzes the pattern of fluctuations of births in an age-structured population whose growth is subject to environmental or economic constraint. It synthesizes the traditional demographic analysis of age-structured renewal with constant vital rates and the economic analysis which treats population change endogenously. When cohort fertility depends on relative cohort size, or when period fertility depends on labor force size, fluctuations of forty or more years replace the traditional "echo" or generation-length cycle. Twentieth-century U. S. fertility change agrees well with the theory, as the "Easterlin Hypothesis" suggests; but the period model fits better than the cohort model.     

Reliability and Validity of Japanese Versions of the Flourishing Scale and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience

The demographic aging of the older population itself has turned out as an issue of great scope, accumulating a large amount of research in recent years. In this context, the prediction or explanation is of much interest. However, little research has studied this prediction when some factors, such as age, gender, and perceived health are controlled, and also few studies have compared these effects in young old and oldest old populations. Thus, the purpose of this study is to test, in a multivariate context, the predictive effects of variables measuring social support, dependence/active perceptions, and generativity on satisfaction with life, while controlling for age, marital status, educational level, gender, and perceived health; examining young old and oldest old similitudes and differences in a little studied population, the Angolan elderly. The sample was formed by 1,003 participants, 737 were young old and 266 were oldest old. To test for the effects, a hierarchical regression was built up, in which age and predictor’s interactions were included. Results provide support for some differences in the pattern of relationships hold by young old and oldest old, with social support emerging as the major predictor of life satisfaction during the old age.     

女性就业与发展困境的原因探析

就业是妇女获得发展的一个重要方式 ,因为就业的期望以及工作中产生的问题和挑战是刺激人们学习新知识、新技能 ,从而获得发展的重要推动力量。但是 ,经济的、社会的、生理的因素限制了妇女就业以及进行人力资本再投资的机会 ,而且这些因素相互影响 ,相互作用。所以 ,克服妇女就业和发展的障碍需要政府制定政策支持妇女教育和培训 ,防止用人单位在雇用、培训、晋升等环节歧视女性     

On the theory and measurement of the determinants of mortality

This article develops a model of mortality that shows how biological, demographic, and environmental factors interact to affect an individual's probability of dying. To illustrate the usefulness of the model, we derive from it (as special cases) the Brass system of model life tables and the proportional-hazard mortality model and apply a logit version of the model to analyze the determinants of child mortality in Sri Lanka.     

On the Survival of Centenarians and the Span of Life

It has been argued in the literature that the observed mortality crossover among older black Americans relative to the white population is a result of ‘differential early mortality which selects the least robust persons from the disadvantaged population at relatively earlier ages so that, at advanced ages, the disadvantaged population has proportionately more robust persons’ (Kenneth G. Manton). The authors examine the plausibility of the observed black mortality crossover and the heterogeneity argument supporting its existence. In addition to citing evidence from the literature, they use life tables from various countries known to have good mortality data to explore the relation between mortality in childhood and at younger adult ages and mortality in old age for cohorts and periods. Analysis suggests that the association between childhood and old-age mortality for cohorts is positive, implying that observed mortality crossovers are produced by deficient data rather than population heterogeneity.     

人口平均预期寿命及疾病影响因素分析

本文使用生命表的研究方法对2016年吉林省死因监测数据进行分析,推算吉林省人口平均预期寿命,分析主要疾病对预期寿命的影响。研究结果表明2016年吉林省总人口平均预期寿命是78.12岁,其中男性为75.83岁,女性为80.61岁。与2010年第六次人口普查吉林省人口平均预期寿命相比总人口平均预期寿命提高了1.94岁,其中男性提高了1.71岁,女性提高了2.17岁。分析疾病因素对人口死亡的影响,主要疾病致死率非常高,其中前10位死亡原因引起的死亡比例占98.94%,前4位死亡原因引起的死亡人数占总死亡人数的90.9%,影响较大的疾病包括循环系统疾病、肿瘤、呼吸系统疾病、消化系统疾病、内分泌系统疾病等。进一步分析主要疾病对人口平均预期寿命的影响发现,循环系统疾病是对人均预期寿命影响最大的疾病,因循环系统疾病死亡的人数占总死亡人数的一半以上。要想降低疾病的发生率及致死率,进而提高人均预期寿命,必须依靠全社会的共同努力。针对疾病发生的危险因素,建立危险因素的识别与干预体系,倡导健康生活方式,建设公共安全环境。