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1.
Social Participation, Sense of Community and Social Well Being: A Study on American, Italian and Iranian University Students 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Elvira Cicognani Claudia Pirini Corey Keyes Mohsen Joshanloo Reza Rostami Masoud Nosratabadi 《Social indicators research》2008,89(1):97-112
Aim of the study was to assess the relationship between social participation and Sense of Community in a sample of University
students and the impact of such variables on Social well being. A further aim was to assess the generality of the relationships
between these constructs across different countries, and specifically, the USA, Italy and Iran. The sample includes 200 Italian,
125 American and 214 Iranian University students, male and female. Results show higher levels of social participation, Sense
of Community and Social well being among American students. Sense of Community is positively correlated with social participation
in all three samples; however, only among Italian students social participation positively predicts Social well being. Implications
of results will be discussed. 相似文献
2.
Asher Ben-Arieh James McDonell Shalhevet Attar-Schwartz 《Social indicators research》2009,90(3):339-349
Recent attention to children’s well being has generated research showing that safety and home–school relations are two of the most important indicators of children’s well being. Recent studies have also demonstrated the consistent differences in perspectives between children and teachers and between parents and teachers in regard to home–school relations and between children and parents in regard to children safety. This paper reports findings from an exploratory study, conducted as part of the “Strong Communities” initiative in South Carolina, comparing between the three perspectives of children, parents, and teachers in regard to children both home–school relations and safety. The findings show significant differences regarding almost all items between the three groups. For example, teachers felt school and the way to and back from school were safer for children than how the children themselves felt. However, other patterns were found with regard to home–school relations. The article concludes with a discussion of the apparent weight given to each of these perspectives, possible explanations for the gaps found and its practical implications for social indicators usage. 相似文献
3.
Asher Ben-Arieh John Gal Lenna Nepomnyaschy Irwin Garfinkel 《Social indicators research》2007,80(1):223-248
This article presents a comparative study in which social indicators were employed as a means to examine differences in living
conditions and family and children outcomes on a local level. The study obtained household-level data on the well-being of
children and families in two cities: New York (NYC) and Tel Aviv (TLV). Data were collected using computer assisted telephone
interview (CATI) technology and random digit dialing (RDD). Telephone interviews were conducted with the randomly selected
adults in English, Spanish and Chinese in NYC and in Hebrew in TLV. The study reported here documented differences in family
and child well-being between the two cities. It further documented that family size and caregiver level of education play
a similar role in both cities and their importance in regard to child and family outcomes. The significant differences found
in adults’ and especially children’s outcomes were analyzed by the caregiver’s level of education and further support the
need for policies that alleviate the burden of less educated caregivers and aim to improve the well-being of them and their
families. The study demonstrates the relevance of social indicators at the local level, not only for measuring outcomes among
specific populations, but also in regard to their possible implications for social policies, a most timely task in an era
of social services devolution. 相似文献
4.
Monitoring Indicators of Children’s Victimization in School: Linking National-, Regional-, and Site-Level Indicators 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The paper presents a conceptual framework and methodology developed by the authors to create systematic empirical basis to
monitor important social indicators. The focus here is on ways to employ indicators of victimization in school in order to
inform a range of constituencies interested in the well being of school children. The paper outlines the importance of developing
a wide range of indicators based on a theoretical model of social context of schools, as perceived from multiple perspectives
(students, staff, parents, the general public). The importance of linking national-, regional-, and site-level indicators
is emphasized and demonstrated. The paper presents examples of analyses and reports that can inform practice, policy making
and evaluation in the area of school safety. Finally, monitoring indicators of victimization on all levels is described as
a democratic youth empowering process. 相似文献
5.
This paper reports the results of three studies designed to test the nomological validity of a consumer well-being (CWB) measure
in relation to personal transportation. The CWB measure was developed guided by the theoretical notion that the CWB in relation
to personal transportation vehicles is significantly enhanced when the consumption of the vehicle meets the full spectrum
of human developmental needs (i.e., safety, economic, family, social, esteem, actualization, knowledge, and aesthetics needs).
The nomological validity of the CWB measure was tested by exploring the various antecedents and consequences of the construct.
This was done in three separate studies in which the results of one study prompted further conceptual development and additional
testing. The overall findings of the three studies provided support for the nomological validity of the CWB measure. 相似文献
6.
和谐社会理念体现了国家发展的价值取向和对发展的深刻认识。本文从我们设计构想的澳门客观生活质量指标体系框架出发,探讨了影响当前澳门地区和谐社会构建的若干关键因素,最后提出了有针对性的治理措施,以有效促进澳门社会的更加和谐和稳定。 相似文献
7.
Bennett Neil G. Lu Hsien-Hen Song Younghwan 《Population research and policy review》2005,23(5-6):671-699
Since the implementation of the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program in late-1996, welfare rolls have declined by more than half. This paper explores whether improvements in the economic well-being of children have accompanied this dramatic reduction in welfare participation. Further, we examine the degree to which the success or failure of welfare reform has been shared equally among families of varying educational background. We analyze data from the March Current Population Surveys (CPS) over the years 1988 through 2001. Specifically, we link data for families with children who are interviewed in adjacent years and determine whether their economic circumstances either improved or deteriorated. We use two alternative approaches to address this general issue: a variety of regression models and a difference-in-differences methodology. These approaches provide consistent answers. In a bivariate framework TANF is associated with higher incomes; but this association becomes insignificant in the presence of business cycle controls. We also determine that children who were poor at an initial time period benefit differently, depending on their parents' educational attainment level. Poor children with parents who do not have a high school degree are significantly worse off in the TANF era, relative to the era prior to welfare reform, than are poor children of more educated parents. 相似文献
8.
Jackline Wahba 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(4):823-852
This paper examines the influence of adult market wages and having parents who were child labourers on child labour, when this decision is jointly determined with child schooling, using data from Egypt. The empirical results suggest that low adult market wages are key determinants of child labour; a 10% increase in the illiterate male market wage decreases the probability of child labour by 22% for boys and 13% for girls. The findings also indicate the importance of social norms in the intergenerational persistence of child labour: parents who were child labourers themselves are on average 10% more likely to send their children to work. In addition, higher local regional income inequality increases the likelihood of child labour.
相似文献
Jackline WahbaEmail: Fax: +44-23-80593858 |
9.
Urvi Neelakantan 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(3):641-663
This paper measures the impact of child support reforms on payments to divorced mothers and welfare participation rates among
them. A Stackelberg model of divorced parents’ behavior is calibrated to data from Wisconsin, where child support payments
increased from $2,175.35 to $3,431.77 and welfare participation rates decreased from 33.5% to 9% between 1981 and 1992. Results
show that new guidelines accounted for 24.4% and improved enforcement for 74% of the increase in payments. Higher payments
accounted for a 3.9-percentage-point decline, decreasing welfare benefits an 8.4-percentage-point decline, and the two combined
a 15-percentage-point decline in the welfare participation rate.
相似文献
10.
Children Living Without Their Fathers: Population Estimates and Indicators of Educational Well-being
Matthew DeBell 《Social indicators research》2008,87(3):427-443
This paper estimates the number of American children in grades K–12 who live without their biological fathers and examines
the association of absent-father status with children’s well-being. The 2003 Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey
of the National Household Education Surveys Program (n = 12,426) shows that 28% percent of White students, 39% of Hispanic students, 69% of Black students, and 36% overall live
without their fathers. In bivariate comparisons, absent-father status is associated with reduced well-being: worse health,
lower academic achievement, worse educational experiences, and less parental involvement in school activities. When socio-economic
factors are controlled, father-absence is associated with small deficits of well-being. The findings suggest that the conventional
wisdom may exaggerate the detrimental effects of father absence. 相似文献
11.
The European Social Survey, on which this issue of the journal focuses, is a 30-nation multi-funded survey series measuring
attitude change. Started in 2001, it is characterised by unusually high standards of sampling and data equivalence. Its data
are made available on-line with equal access to all, and have already attracted over 20,000 users. Many papers, articles and
books based on the ESS have already appeared. But none has yet employed the data—whether alone or with other sources—to derive
indicators of citizens’ cognitive judgements of their society. A recent EC grant is enabling the authors to fill this gap,
covering topics such as trust in national institutions, tolerance, social cohesion, social trust and fear of crime. The aim
is to be able to monitor changes over time in the distance between what citizens believe their society ought to be in these
respects and how they actually perceive it to be.
相似文献
Roger JowellEmail: |
12.
Retrospective demographic surveys typically collect substantial information about child health. This information is often collected for all children born during a specified period. For women with several young children, the interview can become quite long. To shorten the interview, some surveys have asked child health questions only for the last child born. However, data on the last birth may be biased because last children have a younger age distribution and have longer subsequent birth intervals than does the average child. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach to collecting child health data - that child health questions be asked only for a child chosen randomly from among the respondent's children younger than age five. This alternative has the advantage of keeping the interview shorter but does not lead to biased information.Abbreviations DHS
Demographic and Health Surveys 相似文献
13.
The Bridges and Foundations Project on Urban Aboriginal Housing, a Community-University Research Alliance (CURA) project financed
primarily by the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC) and the Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation
(CMHC), has been operational in Saskatoon since early 2001. During these past 5 years over 50 specific research projects,
community surveys, graduate theses, workshops, conferences, seminars and other meetings have been conducted under the auspices
of the Bridges and Foundations Project as a whole. This paper first discusses the various social indicators employed in seven
surveys, which probed deeply into the views of local Aboriginal residents of their quality of life, particularly their living
conditions and affordable housing. The paper focuses less on the vast amount of data gathered from some 2,000 residents than
on the relevance of social indicators used in these surveys—for example which were most or least informative, and which were
of most or least interest and pertinence to the residents themselves. In the process it would seem pertinent to discern which
of various research approaches seemed, in retrospect, to have been most appropriate, informative and beneficial. The paper
then proceeds to place our experience in the Bridges and Foundations Project within a broader theoretical discussion of social
indicator development; and concludes with a brief commentary on the linkages between theory and research and between academic
and community-based research. 相似文献
14.
This paper examines the relationships between several child support policies, paternity establishment, and child support award rates among never-married women. We use several state policies and practices in place throughout the 1980s to examine their effectiveness at increasing paternity establishment rates and at increasing the proportion of unmarried women who have child support awards. We also examine the direct relationship between paternity establishment rates and child support award rates. We estimate these relationships using a variety of specifications, using cross-state variation in child support enforcement to identify the effects of policies. To date, child support remains largely the province of state family law, and, although policies have changed dramatically in response to two decades of federal mandates, state laws and practices still vary. 相似文献
15.
Tatsuya Omori 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(3):585-601
Introducing a fertility decision and child care cost into an overlapping generations model with public education and social
security, we examine the effects of these public policies on fertility. We show that an increase in income tax, which finances
social security benefits and public investment in education, increases fertility. On the other hand, with a constant tax rate,
a change in the allocation from social security benefits to public investment in education decreases fertility and, with a
constant social security tax, the effect of education tax on fertility is neutral.
相似文献
16.
Ssengonzi Robert De Jong Gordon F. Shannon Stokes C. 《Population research and policy review》2002,21(5):403-431
This article uses data from the 1996 Uganda Demographic and Health Survey to examine whether migration of women improves the survival chances of their children to age five. We expand on prior research by testing not only the hypothesized positive effect of rural-urban migration, but also the effects of other migration stream behaviours on child survival. Results show that up to 10% of children die before age five and within-group differences in mortality exist among urban and rural children depending on their mother's migration status. Only urban-urban migration was significantly related to child survival, compared to rural non-migrants, after controlling for other factors, although other streams of migration (rural-urban, urban-rural, rural-rural) were positively related to child survival. Generally, migration explains a small component of the variance in child survival. Several other factors, including parents' education, household size, household headship, mother's age at birth, duration of breastfeeding, and place of delivery have a significant predictive power on child survival. 相似文献
17.
Paul R. Voss David D. Long Roger B. Hammer Samantha Friedman 《Population research and policy review》2006,25(4):369-391
We apply methods of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) and spatial regression analysis to examine intercounty variation in child poverty rates in the US. Such spatial analyses are important because regression models that exclude explicit specification of spatial effects, when they exist, can lead to inaccurate inferences about predictor variables. Using county-level data for 1990, we re-examine earlier published results [Friedman and Lichter (Popul Res Policy Rev 17:91–109, 1998)]. We find that formal tests for spatial autocorrelation among county child poverty rates confirm and quantify what is obvious from simple maps of such rates: the risk of a child living in poverty is not (spatially) a randomly distributed risk at the county level. Explicit acknowledgment of spatial effects in an explanatory regression model improves considerably the earlier published regression results, which did not take account of spatial autocorrelation. These improvements include: (1) the shifting of “wrong sign” parameters in the direction originally hypothesized by the authors, (2) a reduction of residual squared error, and (3) the elimination of any substantive residual spatial autocorrelation. While not without its own problems and some remaining ambiguities, this reanalysis is a convincing demonstration of the need for demographers and other social scientists to examine spatial autocorrelation in their data and to explicitly correct for spatial externalities, if indicated, when performing multiple regression analyses on variables that are spatially referenced. Substantively, the analysis improves the estimates of the joint effects of place-influences and family-influences on child poverty.
相似文献
Paul R. VossEmail: Phone: +1-608-2629526Fax: +1-608-2626022 |
18.
This paper reports on an effort to develop an Internet well-being measure for possible use by government agencies and industry
associations that are directly involved with the promulgation of the Internet. Such measures can help officials gauge the
social health of those Internet-related industries and institutional sectors, which in turn can guide the development of policies
to enhance the quality-of-life impact of the Internet. The Internet well-being measure is based on the theoretical notion
that the perception of the overall impact of the Internet on users of the Internet is determined by their perceptions of the
impact of the Internet in their life domains such as consumer life, work life, leisure life, social life, community life,
sensual life, among others. In turn, the perception of impact of the Internet in a given life domain (e.g., consumer life,
work life) is determined by perceptions of benefits and costs of the Internet within that domain. We conducted a focus group
to identify all the perceived benefits and costs within salient life domains of college students. We also conducted a thorough
literature search to identify studies that examined the quality-of-life impact of the Internet in a variety of life domains.
We then tested the nomological validity of the measure through two surveys at two major universities (one in the USA and the
other in Korea). The statistical analysis allowed us to identify those measurement items that are most predictive, and therefore
considered as nomologically valid. Policy implications of the study are discussed along with future research avenues. 相似文献
19.
In Italy the women’s participation is among the lowest in Europe. The female employment rate stands almost 13 percentage points
below the EU average and 22 below the Lisbon target. One of the most important reasons is related to the characteristics of
child care system. We analyze the characteristics of the child care system in Italy and its relationship to the labor market
participation decision of mothers. The two decisions are jointly considered in a discrete choice framework, which also allows
for simple forms of rationing. We go on to estimate a bivariate probit model of the child care and employment decisions and
find evidence that rationing is an important factor in interpreting price effects on utilization rates and employment decisions.
Responsible editors: Deborah Cobb-Clark & Tito Boeri 相似文献
20.
This paper uses hazard regression models to assess the impact of experienced infant and child mortality on the risk of subsequent
conceptions in Ethiopia. The purpose of this paper is to test for the presence of a fertility response to an infant or child
death, net of the effects of truncated breastfeeding on fecundity. Using retrospective birth history data from a national
survey in Ethiopia, we find a significantly higher risk of a conception in the months following the death of an index child,
even after controlling for postpartum amenorrhoea and breastfeeding status. The fertility response is strongest after the
death of the fourth or fifth child, which is when most women in Ethiopia are at or near their desired family size. However,
we find no evidence of a fertility response to the death of a nonindex child. We attribute the higher risk of a conception
following an index child’s death to the intentional efforts of couples to reduce the waiting time to a next birth and thereby
replace the deceased child. However, absent evidence of replacement fertility in response to the death of older nonindex children,
we interpret the response to the death of an index child as an emotional response to child loss rather than a conscious strategy
to meet a fertility target.
相似文献
Gebre-Egziabher KirosEmail: |