Muslim Women and Forced Marriages in the UK

Forced marriage (FM) affects numerous communities within the UK and has far-reaching effects for both individuals and the wider society. This paper attempts to address this issue from an Islamic jurisprudence standpoint. While the paper provides a comparative-contrastive account of key discussions between Muslim jurists (fuqahā’) from the four Sunni schools of law regarding coercion (ikrāh) and its effect on the marriage contract, it pays particular attention to the Hanafi school of law’s position and ways in which its jurists’ reasoning dissents from that of the majority of Sunni jurists. This paper collates the pertinent information, focusing on the effect of coercion (ikrāh) and on the pivotal issues of consent (ri?ā) and choice (ikhtyār). It also considers recent UK legislation and established personal status laws in several Muslim countries. We conclude that FM is incompatible with the objectives of Islamic law and has no reliable basis in its sources, highlighting that the function of the guardian (walī) is to protect the interests of the ward, rather than to exercise authority over those under his guardianship. We suggest that victims of FM in the UK should be able to seek annulment via the courts rather than traditional, community-based, non-enforceable mediation.     

论大清律例中的伊斯兰教和穆斯林

乔纳森·李普曼先生这篇文章分前后两部分 ,这里刊出的是文章的后半部分     

Muslim Women in America: Challenges and Politics of Diversity Within American Muslim Community

This paper will examine the complexities of the struggles faced by young Muslim women within the American Muslim community. Data are part of a study aimed at understanding the ways in which the gendered religious identities of Muslim women are constructed in the United States. This work seeks to address the dearth of research on the lives of Muslim women, and to identify and enhance an understanding of the issues and challenges they face during the process. Participants include 15 women, 18–22 years old, who graduated from an Islamic school in the mid-Atlantic region of America (ISA). Two phenomenological interviews were conducted with each participant. Data were analyzed using critical discourse and content analysis techniques. Findings point towards conflicts within, including those related to the rich racial and ethnic diversity in the community, and to the patriarchal norms that still prevail. Some of these norms along with the perceptions and experiences of American Muslim women guiding their lives will be shared, and will be located within a larger discussion on how the obstacles towards their contribution to this diverse social setting can be dealt with.     

Rohingya Ethnic Muslim Minority and the 1982 Citizenship Law in Burma

The Rohingyas have experienced difficulties in obtaining citizenship since the enactment of the 1982 Citizenship Law in Burma. From the beginning of Burmese independence, their separate identity was recognized by the then democratic government of Premier U Nu (1948–1962). Their situation worsened after the military takeover in 1962 leaving then subject to humiliating restrictions and harsh treatment by the State. However, the Burmese 1982 Citizenship Law institutionalized the Rohingyas statelessness.This paper argues that despite all evidence as indigenous people of Arakan, the ethnic Muslim minority Rohingya are arbitrarily deprived of their citizenship. The Burmese are adamant that the Rohingyas are Bengalis regardless of their residency history, and therefore belong in Bangladesh. Their Islamic religion and Indo-Aryan appearance do not conform with the “Burmese citizenship standard”. In this context, Burma/Myanmar citizenship law fails to meet the international standard. Rohingya ancestry related documents prove that the government enacted the new law simply to deny the Rohingya identity.     

试探王岱舆对穆斯林妇女观的儒化建构

以往学术界,特别是回族学界对王岱舆的宇宙发生论、认主学等问题探讨较多,但较少对于其关于妇女的伦理思想加以讨论。本文拟在前人己有研究成果的基础上,对王岱舆的妇女伦理思想进行初步的考察分析,以展现其所建构的伊斯兰教妇女伦理体系,以及说明与中国传统伦理思想(本文主要涉及儒家伦理学说)中女性观的横向联系,在此基础上,来阐释伊斯兰教的女性观。     

关于清真食品产业发展问题的几点思考和探索

本文以大量的第一手调查材料为基础,深入地分析了黑龙江省清真食品产业的基本情况及存在的问题,并对促进黑龙江省清真食品产业的发展提出了对策和措施。     

城市界面下的回族传统文化与现代化

本文以兰州、银川、西宁和西安的回族社区为个案,运用都市人类学和城市社会学的理论和方法,在城市的宏观生态背景下分析了西北城市回族社区的不同层面的变迁,提出面对城市的挑战,以文化自觉的方式实现自身传统的现代化是城市回族穆斯林发展的必由之路。     

试析回族妇女的抗日活动

回族妇女抗战活动是中国人民抗日战争和世界反法西斯战争的重要组成部分.本文从民族学、女性学的视角阐述了1937-1945年回族妇女的抗战活动,力求为抗日战争研究和回族妇女研究提供一定的参考.     

回族习惯法与回族地区法律多元秩序的构建

当代回族地区的法律实践中既有国家制定法的影响,也存在行之有效的回族习惯法。但二者关系上却呈现出"表达与实践"、"契合与冲突"、"共存与断裂"的混乱状态。本文以法律多元理论为视角,在深入剖析理论可行性和现实必要性的基础上,从法的创制、法的运行和纠纷解决三个层面提出构建当代回族地区法律多元秩序的具体路径。     

西部大开发以来民族地区的经济发展与未来展望

西部大开发战略实施以来,民族地区经济持续平稳快速增长,经济结构不断得到优化,城乡居民生活持续改进,但是,相对于全国平均水平和东部发达地区,民族地区的经济发展还处于比较滞后的状态,民族地区经济发展的任务还很艰巨。当前和今后一个时期,必须继续全面深入推进西部大开发战略,坚持以改革开放为动力,加快转变经济发展方式,进一步处理好经济追赶和社会发展、生态环境建设的关系,努力实现经济高速持续增长的同时,要特别注意通过经济增长创造就业机会与其他发展机会,特别强调发展机会的平等,实现和谐发展和共享型发展。     

羌族医药的生存状况及发展前景分析

羌族地区的中草药资源是羌民族区域经济中的一个潜在优势,羌族人民在与疾病作斗争中,经过长期实践,积累了丰富的诊病治病临床经验,有独具特色的羌医羌药。羌族医药虽散见于民间,在羌民族种族延续中起到了十分重要的作用。然而,羌族医药必须加大投入,走产业化道路,并依托医药资源发展当地旅游产业,促进羌医药文化的传承,这些措施对羌医药的可持续发展以及发扬羌医药文化都有着十分积极的意义。     

东乡族、保安族女性与民族发展

随着传统社会向现代社会的转型,东乡族、保安族女性逐步走出家庭,接受教育,积极参与社会经济、政治、文化等各项社会活动,并发挥了她们的重要作用.女性发展的程度是衡量一个民族能否得到全面发展的标志之一.     

我国少数民族优惠性差别待遇与反向歧视分析

国家或政府最积极的作为,就是应该对少数民族实施特殊保护的政策,力求避免或消除各民族之间事实上的不平等。政府有关部门可以通过制度设计、法制供给和政策支持等对少数民族和民族地区实行优惠性差别待遇,以便更好地促进民族地区社会政治、经济、文化等各项事业的发展,相反并没有导致所谓的反向歧视。随着社会发展和形势变化,对少数民族实施的优惠性差别待遇应该在坚持的前提下适时不断调整和创新。     

中国都市穆斯林社区研究述评

本文对上世纪90年代中期以来有关中国都市穆斯林社区的研究成果进行了梳理与反思.在评述各类研究成果的同时,还通过列举一些研究个案来展现中国都市穆斯林社会研究的热点.     

德国的伊斯兰教及其对穆斯林移民的影响

伊斯兰教作为德国的第二大宗教,在德国的穆斯林社区中发挥着越来越大的作用。除了为穆斯林们提供宗教需求之外,伊斯兰教组织还承担了社会保障的责任,这使得穆斯林移民无论是在物质上还是在精神上都日益依赖伊斯兰教组织。伊斯兰教组织大多与穆斯林移民的母国有着密切的联系,从而使得穆斯林社区与德国主流社会相隔离。德国社会的世俗主义倾向与穆斯林社区不断强化的宗教信仰之间产生了诸多矛盾,主要体现在宗教仪式、教育、着装以及清真寺建设等方面。     

民族地区旅游开发中的外部性影响及其消除

旅游业的外部性在民族地区旅游开发中表现出其特殊性,外部不经济性效应对当地的破坏作用更甚于普通旅游地.本文运用经济学中的外部性理论,主要阐述了民族地区旅游开发过程中所产生的外部经济性与不经济性,并有针对性地提出了一些内化外部不经济性的措施,对于我国民族地区旅游开发过程中环境保护、民族文化的保护性利用及旅游扶贫效应的发挥具有现实意义,期望能对当前民族地区旅游发展提供借鉴.     

西方伊斯兰人类学的理论发展——回顾与前瞻

本文回顾有关近代西方伊斯兰人类学发展的理论争议和前瞻以及当今最前沿的研究动向。在有关理论争议上,本文简介和评议过去几个主要的研究伊斯兰社会和文化的人类学观点,其中包括理解伊斯兰为社会符号、伊斯兰为受访者的主观演绎、伊斯兰为高等文化和民间信仰的钟摆现象、伊斯兰为独特的宗教传统、伊斯兰为殖民主义的建构等。另外,本文亦展望西方伊斯兰人类学的发展,如当代伊斯兰研究已逐渐朝跨科际的方向发展,消除已往人类学与社会科学对立的学术鸿沟。最后,本文指出在后现代、后殖民和全球化的急速社会转型下,当代西方伊斯兰人类学已从单一的地域研究转向多面向的跨科际、跨地域研究,惟有这种学术转向,一些新兴和复杂的课题（例如:跨国伊斯兰运动、伊斯兰与传媒）才能在多角度下被诠释。     

青海穆斯林民营企业在地区经济发展中的地位和作用分析

由于穆斯林地区受伊斯兰教文化的影响,青海穆斯林和穆斯林地区民营企业的发展还带有明显的宗教狭隘经营思维。本文试图通过青海穆斯林和穆斯林地区民营企业在产业选择和经营空间上的位移来说明,由于宗教信仰的约束及穆斯林民营企业家的价值取向,使得现代化企业制度和经营理念在民族区域内的建立健全和有效传播存在明显的个人操作性,穆斯林和穆斯林地区民营企业家通过经营企业的方式在不断地对民族宗教信仰和地区生产生活方式施加影响,而这种影响在本文看来与地区经济社会的健康有序发展有悖。     

Failure of Muslim Leadership in America From the Perspective of First-Generation Muslim Americans: A Phenomenological Study

While leadership is a foundational component of guidance in most societies, Muslim children born in America to immigrant parents lack such guidance. A qualitative case study was recently conducted with six first-generation Muslim American college students and professionals. The purpose of this study was six-fold: to examine the concept of leadership in Muslim communities in America, to observe perceptions of Muslim leadership in mosques and community centers, to examine the practice and beliefs of Muslims in America, to view the social interaction of Muslim Americans within their community, to view the mentorship and leadership aspects of Muslim Americans in their community and to inspect marital and cultural aspects within those societies. Findings reveal four themes that show that Muslim Americans are subject to role confusion as they go through adolescence and need a leadership role model to assist them through this stage.     

民国时期广州穆斯林文人的忧患意识

作者认为,民国时期广州穆斯林文人忧患于广大穆斯林宗教知识的匮乏、汉文化水平的低下等,创办学校和报刊,加强宣传。针对对伊斯兰教的侮教案和基督教的误解做出回应,呼唤民族觉醒,振兴伊斯兰文化,以期树立民族自信心。他们为广东地区伊斯兰文化的延续做出了贡献,同时他们的作品也为后人留下了珍贵史料。作者对当时回族知识分子予以一定评价。