中国人口老化对消费影响的宏观研究

中国人口老化对消费影响的宏观研究于学军，周双超人的一生都要进行消费，但在不同生命周期阶段的未成年人、成年人和老年人的消费水平和消费结构是不同的。因此，一个社会的人口中未成年人口、成年人口和老年人口所占的比例不同，其消费水平和消费结构也是不同的。就我国...     

老年人日常生活自理能力的作用机理研究

为了丰富和完善老年人日常生活自理能力研究的理论体系,本文运用文献法从个体社会经济因素、生活方式和行为习惯、慢性病患病状况以及宏观环境四方面论述了老年人自理能力的作用机理,指出了个体因素作用于老年人自理能力个体差异、宏观因素作用于老年人自理能力区域差异的具体路径。     

城市老年人生活质量分析

本文运用2000年辽宁城市老年人口抽样调查数据,对各类型城市老年人生活质量的主要影响因素进行了分析,指出一部分老年人已构成城市贫困群体和弱势群体,离退休金是保障城市老年人生活质量的最重要因素,文化素质和身体素质是对城市老年人生活质量产生负向影响的主要因素。     

老年人生活满意度影响因素研究

随着我国人口老龄化程度的不断加深,对老年人生活满意度影响因素进行研究非常必要。本文利用在山东的调查数据对影响老年人生活满意度的个人及家庭因素进行了分析,结果发现老年人健康状况、家庭经济条件、老年人在家庭中的经济地位和儿子对老人的经济支持对老年人的生活满意度影响显著。     

中国城市老年人就业意愿影响因素分析

老年人就业或再就业问题是影响老年人生活以及老龄工作的重要方面。老年人的就业意愿受多方面因素的影响和制约,因此在制定有关老年人就业政策时我们应当对这些因素加以考虑。对中国城市老年人就业意愿的影响因素开展研究,首先通过交叉表描述老年人就业意愿的基本特征,然后采用多变量Logistic回归检验各个因素的显著性。通过Logistic回归检验,发现在影响城市老年人就业意愿的诸因素中,年龄的高低、健康状况和经济状况的好坏等自身因素对就业意愿的影响是显著的;受教育水平对就业意愿的影响不显著。     

中国老年人社会隔离的影响因素分析

文章运用西方的社会护航模型(SCM)和社会情绪选择理论(SST),并结合中国本土理论对中国老年人的社会网络进行分析,以此揭示老年人社会隔离的相关因素.基于“中国老年社会追踪调查”(CLASS)数据,将社会隔离分解为家庭和朋友隔离两个维度,采用Logistic回归模型对老年人陷入社会隔离的相关因素进行了分析.结果表明,衰老并非仅为老年人的社会网络带来消极变化,增龄伴随着老年人朋友隔离的风险上升,但是其陷入家庭隔离的可能性却出现下降.家庭特征是老年人陷入家庭隔离的主要预测因素,健康状况是导致老年人产生朋友隔离的主要因素;老年人的社会经济地位、社会参与和社会环境也对他们的家庭隔离和朋友隔离产生重要影响.     

城乡因素在老年人抑郁症状影响模型中的调节效应

抑郁症状是衡量老年人心理健康水平的有效指标。本研究采用2006年中国城乡老年人生活状况追踪调查10%数据,运用探索性因素分析、多元线性回归和结构方程模型等方法考察中国老年人的总体抑郁水平,比较抑郁水平的城乡及年龄差异,并对老年人抑郁症状及影响因素进行探索。结果显示,我国老年人抑郁症状较轻,心理健康处于良好水平。农村老年人抑郁症状较城镇老年人明显。健康水平、经济状况、社会支持可有效地预测老年人的抑郁症状。城乡在影响因素模型中起调节效应,健康水平和经济状况对老年人抑郁水平的影响作用受城乡因素的影响,对于农村老年人,经济状况的影响作用大于健康水平;在城镇老年人中表现出完全相反的模式。对于不同的老年人群,应采取有针对性的政策和措施,方能有效减缓老年人抑郁症状,促进心理健康。     

中国老年人口的养老意愿及其城乡差异——基于中国老年社会追踪调查数据的分析

老年人的养老意愿是建立养老服务体系必须考虑的重要方面.文章根据中国人民大学2014年"中国老年社会追踪调查"数据,分析我国老年人的养老意愿及其影响因素.采用多分类Logit回归模型比较城市和农村老年人的居住意愿.分析发现城市老年人的居住意愿受个体、家庭、社区三类因素的共同影响,呈现多元化特点,而对农村老年人居住意愿有显著影响的因素则基本集中于家庭因素.结果表明城市老年人更趋向于独立居住或入住养老机构,而农村老年人对社会养老服务的需求更取决于家庭成员的态度和支持程度.     

老年人的心理特征因素对生活满意度的影响

文章利用2002年全国老年人口健康状况的调查数据,在以往有关社会经济因素、健康因素、人口因素等对老年人生活满意度影响的研究的基础上,引入心理特征变量,通过多元回归模型分析了心理特征因素对老年人生活满意度自评的影响。统计结果显示,在控制了其他影响因素的基础上,老年人的性格、情绪、孤独感及焦虑程度等对生活满意度自评具有一定的影响。此外,在考虑了心理特征因素的影响之后,原有模型中变量的回归系数与p-value值都发生了变化。     

我国老年人旅游参与的内在因素分析

随着老龄化社会的到来,我国老年人越来越多。旅游有益于老年人的身心健康。经济收入的增加使很多老年人有旅游的意愿,我国老年旅游市场有很大的发展潜力。基于中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查（CLHLS）数据．运用logit模型分析了我国老年人旅游参与的内在因素。研究结果表明年龄、性别、健康状况、情感和城乡等因素对老年人是否参与旅游影响较大。主要收入来源对是否参与旅游不显著．但是所有收入是否够用显著地影响旅游的参与。在老年人的旅游与休闲活动关系上．较多参与其他休闲活动的人参与旅游的可能性越大。但较少参与其他休闲活动的老年人比中度参与休闲的老年人更多地参与旅游。前者表现为互补性．后者表现为竞争性.     

Facilitating longer working lives: International evidence on why and how

The article advances the view that social and economic choices in societies can reasonably adjust as the age structure of the population changes; in particular, some of the bounty of longer lives can reasonably be allocated to prolonging the labor force participation of older workers. Data on reductions in mortality and, in some countries, declines in disability are presented in ways that help to clarify that prolonged working lives may be a natural concomitant of living longer. The article reviews the problems inherent in the combination of living longer and reducing labor force participation at older ages. It discusses two ways to facilitate longer working lives: (1) eliminating penalties on work at older ages—inherent in the provisions of the social security programs in many countries—that induce older persons to leave the labor force at younger ages; and (2) correcting a false rationale—the “boxed economy” view of the labor market—that is often used to support retention of the provisions that induce older persons to leave the labor force.     

Older women and family care in Hong Kong: differences in filial expectation and practices

Cultural aspects of aging have great importance on how older women and men are being treated, in particular in Asia where patriarchal practices dominate. Further, changes in the structure of the Chinese family alter this supportive function, and changes in traditional values affect the nature of the care and support provided to older women and men. This proposition was investigated by a quantitative study involving a survey of 390 older persons in Hong Kong. There are great discrepancies in informal support for older women and men. Older women are less likely to live with adult children; more likely to need financial assistance; and more likely to receive poor informal support. There is evidence that informal support for the elderly is changing in Hong Kong, and older women are being disadvantaged, experiencing insufficient and unavailability of informal support.     

Reasons for Divorce:

Comparison of reasons for divorce among older and younger persons indicates an association of reasons to developmental issues, i.e., "grew apart" for older persons and "irresponsibility of spouse" for younger persons. Statistically significant differences between Ule older (M age = 54) group (N = 11 1) are gender related. Traditional male identified issues of infidelity, physical and substance abuse continue into old age. Older persons may accept a lack of intimacy and infidelities for 15 to 44 years, and yet are determined to fulfill their needs. Implications for practice interventions are made.     

Economic development and labor force participation of older persons

The effect of economic development on labor force participation rates of older men and women is examined using national data for 134 countries. The analysis provides new insights into the evolution of retirement patterns with rising personal income, slowing population growth, the aging of the population, and shifts in the composition of employment. The analysis indicates a negative relationship between per capita income and labor force participation rates. This relationship is stronger for older men than for older women and is most apparent among middle income countries. An older population is associated with lower participation rates for older men and higher widow rates produce higher participation rates among older women. Industrial changes such as a decline in the proportion of the labor force employed in agriculture lower the proportion of older persons in the labor force. Finally, national social security policies are shown to impact the proportion of older persons that remains in the labor force.     

The marriage squeeze

If the sex-age structure of the population is equilibrated, observed marriage patterns are assumed to reflect preferred mate selections. With regard to age, these preferences can be expressed in terms of the probabilities of unmarried persons of given ages marrying persons of various ages. To study the situation of unequilibrated sexes, these probabilities can be used to compute, for each combination of ages of groom and bride, the expected number of grooms and the expected number of brides. If either of these numbers exceeds the other, the corresponding sex is in a "marriage squeeze." The comparison among the expected number of grooms, that of brides, and the observed number of marriages supplies information on the effects of the squeeze.In Australia, marriage statistics of 1949 were considered to reflect preferred selections. In 1958, men of most ages were in a squeeze. As a consequence, some relatively younger and older men did not get married, and some relatively younger and older women improved their chances of marriage in the year under consideration. 291-299.     

家庭结构、代际关系与老年人赡养——以安徽薛村为个案的考察

本文以薛村为个案。认为当代中国农村家庭结构的核心化、小型化特别是老年空巢家庭或者单身老人家庭的核心化带来了家庭养老的困境,家庭结构核心化趋势是代际关系变迁的某种外在表现形式。原有家庭内部的代际关系变迁成为家庭结构与老年赡养变化的主要原因。短时间的理性的代际平衡并不是建立在代际双方共有认同基础之上的．老年人仍然以长时间的道德与感情的互惠模式考虑与子辈之间的关系。但是子辈却愈发用现代的理性方式考量代际关系。赡莽老人的动力不是来自于生我养我的父子之恩情。而是一种与市场交换形式相类似的有来有往的给予方式。家庭养老模式的内涵和原则产生的变化使得农村老年人生存状况下降．在此之中国家成为老年人所期盼的救济对象,但国家的有限资源无法对老年人实施全面的救济。改善老年人生活仍然应以原来的家庭养老模式为基础。并且对之加以外部制度建设和内部社会化机制的完善。     

委托代理视角下杭州市民间组织参与居家养老服务的实践研究

民间组织参与居家养老服务是一种具有多层级特征的间接委托代理模式。针对各地普遍面临的委托代理问题,杭州市近年来探索形成了"以老年人需求为本、政府主导、社区协助、民间组织具体运作"的居家养老服务模式。该模式实践中的创新主要体现在地方政府职能角色定位、老年人权利强化、民间组织功能激发等方面。优化民间组织参与居家养老服务实践尚需进一步采取强化对地方政府和民间组织的激励和向老年人增权等措施。     

Dimensions of Housing Deprivation for Older People in Ireland

Housing is an important aspect of living standards and quality of life for older persons, but the housing-related problems they may face encompass rather different circumstances, relating to the condition of the dwelling, how well equipped it is, whether housing costs represent a serious burden, and whether the neighbourhood environment is problematic. This paper brings out the importance of distinguishing these different dimensions of housing problems for older people, illustrated empirically using data for Ireland from an important new European dataset. Controlling for other factors, being older is associated with more housing quality problems but fewer housing cost and neighbourhood problems than for those of working age. The variables predicting deprivation among older people differ across the dimensions and the correlations between the dimensions are low. Over half the older people in the sample experience some form of housing-related deprivation, but a majority of these are reporting only one. Scores on a summary index for older persons are much less strongly associated with factors such as household income and poverty, marital status, and location and type of dwelling than for all households, bringing out the importance of distinguishing and studying the different dimensions and framing appropriate policy responses to each.     

Aging in America: Limits to life span and elderly care options

Expanding longevity among the elderly and fertility decline are contributing to an aging US population. The number of persons 65 years or older is projected to double from about 32 million in 1990 to 66 million by 2030; the elderly proportion is expected to increase from 13 to 22 percent over the same period. Chronic illness and functional disability afflicts a significant proportion of older persons. An estimated 80–85 percent of people over age 65 have at least one chronic illness, and nearly one-half of older people report that chronic illness limits their activity to some degree. Altogether, about one-third of the population over 65 may need some kind of medical or social assistance. This paper discusses the three primary modes of care available to older persons: (1) the informal network of the family, (2) the more formal arrangements of home and community care, and (3) the institutionalized care of nursing homes. Of particular policy interest are the questions: Who provides the care? What type of care is available? Who receives the care? How much does each type of care cost? and Who pays? The current patterns and costs especially of long-term care provide a framework for planning future options. A discussion of research and policy recommendations concludes the paper.     

杭州市老年人口休闲状况调查与分析——基于一个小样本的分析

改善老年人口的休闲状况是提高他们生活水平的重要方面,完善老年人口群体的休闲设施也是丰富“住在杭州”内涵的内在要求。本文通过抽样调查,了解到杭州老年人口注重提高休闲生活质量,且休闲种类多样化,并已经向现代转变,但休闲形态仍属于传统型。本文提出了要立足未来老年人的需求,有效服务于老年人口群体和积极开发“银色资源”,必须加快社区建设。