《丁约剑解》与传奇文体问题

自鲁迅以来,传奇作为中国古代文言小说文体之一种,历来为学界所公认。而牛津大学杜德桥的《〈丁约剑解〉:唐代叙事作品分类的一个难题》一文,通过对《唐阙史.丁约剑解》的分析,对传奇这一分类的意义、明确性及其在阅读和批评过程中的实际效果都提出了质疑。文章追溯了鲁迅对唐传奇问题的论述,针对杜氏的文章,结合对《丁约剑解》的评议,讨论了传奇文标准,区别了“传奇文”与“传奇集”在分类上的不同情况,论述了传奇分类的合理性,提出了把握古代文言小说分类应注意的问题。     

唐长安城的昌盛与传奇小说的繁荣

历来研究唐传奇发展繁荣的原因,都是从唐朝的政治经济、思想文化、科举考试的温卷,以及小说的发展等方面去论述的。本文从京城长安的角度研究唐长安城对于传奇的发展有巨大的影响。京都是传奇反映的主要对象。反映长安生活的小说数量多,质量高,代表传奇最高成就。唐长安规模宏大,整齐严密,城坊众多,商市繁荣,城市生活空前的复杂化、多样化。反映这种生活,使传奇小说纷繁多彩。长安城男女交往开放自由,青楼妓院林立,为前代所未有,文人狎妓游弋成为时尚,形成爱情纠葛,悲欢离合,刺激了爱情小说的成熟和繁荣,使才子佳人题材的传奇达到空前的艺术高度,成为传奇的优秀代表。长安的豪杰武侠风气很盛,社会崇尚任侠精神,促进了豪侠小说的发展。此外,唐长安诗歌盛极、政治开明、观念开放,都影响了传奇的发展。     

从宋元话本到《聊斋志异》——论讲唱文学对文言小说的渗透

宋元明清是中国叙事文学发展的重要阶段,引人注目的现象之一是讲唱文学对文言小说的大规模渗透.其渗透不仅催生了宋代话本体传奇和元明中篇传奇小说这两个小说史上的新品种,而且,经由话本体传奇和中篇传奇小说的影响,文言小说的风貌在总体上与唐代的辞章化传奇大为不同,明代的"剪灯二话",清代的<聊斋志异>等,其艺术趣味和表达方式都留有深受濡染的痕迹.     

二ОО四年唐传奇小说研究综述

韩国学者成润淑在《从〈李娃传〉看唐传奇的典雅性与通俗性》中谈到唐传奇中“反转”情节的运用。雷紫瀚在《〈柳毅传〉的思想观念及其史证价值》一文中,对《柳毅传》所体现的思想观念和所具有的史证价值作了探讨。作为中国武侠小说的开端,蕴含于唐代豪侠传奇中的“武”、“侠”观念为后世的武侠小说创作提供了广阔的视野。日本学者冈本不二明的《唐代传奇和树木崇拜——槐树的文化史》一文关注了唐传奇中与槐树有关的充满幻想的故事。另外,李剑国和美籍学者韩瑞亚合作的《亡灵忆往:唐宋传奇的一种历史观照方式》一文主要就唐传奇的一些作品中以亡灵这一独特主体来追忆往事的叙事方式进行了探讨。     

明清传奇戏曲叙事结构的演化

明清时期文人曲家的传奇戏曲创作,一直在长篇体裁的开放叙事与戏剧艺术的内敛叙事之间彷徨抉择,传奇戏曲叙事结构因此呈现出种种不同的状貌。明中期的文人曲家对开放叙事情有独钟,但往往置内敛叙事于不顾。万历年间的文人曲家毫无节制地驰骋自身的知识和才情,力图让传奇戏曲容纳丰富的社会历史内容和细腻的主体审美感受,但仍然普遍漠视内敛叙事。明清之际的许多文人曲家一改前辙,以内敛叙事为主、开放叙事为辅,创构了严谨的情节结构和精巧的排场结构。而清前期的一些正统文人曲家则热衷于象征叙事结构,成为清中后期传奇戏曲"以文为曲"的先导。文人曲家对内敛叙事的抛弃,从一个方面加速了传奇戏曲文体的消解。     

《西厢记》明清刊本演变述略

本文综合前贤时彦的研究成果,择取《西厢记》传播史上影响较大的八种版本,从其文本形态、版本特征的描述中,凸显明清《西厢记》刊本演变的大致历程.大致而言,残页本、弘治本年代较早,传奇因素的渗入并不明显,还基本保留了元杂剧剧本体制.徐士范本依循传奇体制刊刻《西厢记》,此后以传奇体制刊刻《西厢记》成风,只有凌漾初本、毛西河本在努力回归《西厢记》的杂剧体制.依循传奇还是回归杂剧不少《西厢记》刊刻者颇感茫然,于是又出现一些既保存有元杂剧体例特征,又带有传奇因素的混合型刻本,如王骥德本、金圣叹本.     

“宗元”观念与明清传奇审美理想的嬗变

<正>审美理想是由个人或群体的审美经验与审美趣尚所决定的关于美的标准与范型。明清传奇的审美理想,是明清曲家对传奇的理想形态的实践总结与理论建构,表现于曲词、曲律、结构、题材选择、主题倾向等诸多方面,其中以曲词为中心的雅俗关系问题,是贯穿始终的核心问题。据此,明清传奇的审美理想大致可分为尚雅黜俗、尚俗黜雅、雅俗兼济、尚雅崇实四派,四者既     

从传统走向现代:近代传奇杂剧的舞台艺术变革

大量的剧本材料表明 ,近代传奇杂剧在服装、道具、烟火、灯光、场幕、布景等方面发生了根本性的变化 ,旋转舞台也开始出现。这些舞台艺术变革与创新是中国戏曲传统的扬弃 ,更是在外国戏剧文化影响下发生发展的。近代传奇杂剧的舞台艺术转变与其他方面的重要变革共同促进了近代戏曲的发展 ,同时也加速了传奇杂剧的式微与消亡。这种深刻的历史转变是古典戏曲向现代戏剧转变的一道津梁 ,对中国传统戏曲格局的终结和现代戏剧格局的建立也起了重要作用。     

记忆共鸣：明中期传奇戏曲历史书写的心理机制

明代中期文人传奇戏曲日渐繁盛,不仅实现了从“戏文”向“传奇”的文体转型,也实现了历史书写的进一步凸显。然而文人传奇戏曲之所以在明中期兴起,不仅与文体转型、文本主题凸显有关,更与其“记忆共鸣”的内在心理机制有关。随着明中期文人主体意识的崛起,有关时代记忆与历史记忆的“文心”碰撞更为激烈,而传奇戏曲文本中历史书写的“文心”载体意义也日渐明显。     

垃圾堆里走出的韩国总统

磨难的积累,是准备为成功一触即发。当年,他靠捡垃圾完成学业,因蹲过监狱而找不到工作;如今,他成了韩国总统,李明博——韩国人眼里的"传奇"。凄苦的年少时光在韩国,李明博有"打工皇帝"、"韩国传奇"之称,是不少年轻人的奋斗榜样。他的传奇人生,至少两次被改编为热播电视剧;他记载自己成功经验的自传,创下了重印107次的纪录。"贫穷、母亲和肯定的力量",李明博说,他的传奇是靠这三个因素写就的。     

政治溃疡与人性之痛——读易中天《帝国的惆怅》

易中天以其独特的历史散文创作影响一时。他的代表作品《帝国的惆怅》从具体的人性、人道出发,对于传统中国社会之政治与人性的关系及其在当下社会生活中的投影进行了深入地剖析与生动地表述,提出一些新的问题与看法,发人深思。     

魏晋北朝同题拟古诗成因及价值浅探

魏晋南北朝同题拟古诗研究范围有两层:一是指以拟某某为题的拟古诗,如傅玄、张载二人的《拟四愁诗》、刘休玄的《拟行行重行行》、陆机的《拟古诗十二首》等;另一是指以拟古、效古、拟古诗为题并未表明所拟对象的诗,如陶渊明的《拟古诗》九首、张华的《拟古诗》、孙岩的《效古诗》等。由于篇幅所限本文仅对第一类拟某某为题的拟古诗进行研究。     

论韩愈诗伦理建构的双重性

韩愈道德伦理精神的主要内涵是尊王行道和人伦情感,这决定了他的诗歌内涵的丰富性,他的诗作以客观的态度真实地表现了政治历史与道德实践之间、道德与人情之间、人性善与恶之间等错综复杂的悖论性矛盾冲突,形成了伦理建构双重性的特点。     

追求个性自由独立 彰显崇高人性理想——从普希金小说中的女性形象探究其人生价值观

在俄罗斯文学史上,普希金不仅是伟大的诗圣,而且在小说创作中取得了显赫的艺术成就。通过剖析普希金在小说中塑造的一系列女性形象,可以从其作品所体现的善恶观、爱情婚姻观和幸福观三方面洞察作家追求个性自由独立,彰显崇高人性理想的人生价值观。     

圣贤理想境界的实现途径及其现实意义

圣贤不同的理想追求,影响着各自民族的发展与前景。研究其实现不同理想的共同途径,对于人类把握客观规律、掌握社会的前景与个人的命运,有着重要的意义。圣贤所开创的不同的理想之路,其本质竟不约而同:一曰修心:存思至诚,少私寡欲。二曰修行:弃恶扬善,中道而行;舍己利人,普济众生。三曰超佛越圣:破佛圣之缚,无佛圣之念。     

Affect,Heat and Tacos. A Speculative Account of Thermoception

Abstract

Current affective approaches in the experience of heat or thermoception focus on the capacity of control and regulation of temperature by means of consciously driven physical activity of the human body. With this paper, I suggest that thermoception is a complex process whose explanation requires considering events of production of heat that are not registered by conscious activity and that do not even appear in the strata of the organic body. In order to further expand the understanding of thermoception I turn to Whitehead’s philosophy to develop a speculative account of the experience of heat. I use his concept of prehension as well as his analysis of “division” to explain the relation between events of production of heat from three different scales of organization: molecular, organic, and cultural. I will explain how each event of production of heat modify the affective capacity of feeling heat as well as the way each event of heat inherits its quota of subjectivity all the way up to the production of human experience and the rise of anxiety as an emotion made of heat. To make my case, I will provide a division analysis of prehension in the experience of heat when eating tacos in the streets of Mexico City.     

环境伦理学研究中的几种伦理境界及其意义

环境伦理学的产生和发展来自对西方传统伦理学的批判和超越。从对传统的强人类中心主义的伦理学的批判到弱人类中心主义的伦理学,西方传统伦理学不得不将自然资源和环境纳入到伦理学的研究视域中,体现了人们对生态环境的伦理应对,这无疑是人的伦理境界的进步。而从动物解放/权利论到生物平等主义、再到生态整体主义,伦理的对象已逐步从人及其社会扩展到了动物界、生物界以及整个生态系统;尽管这使人在自然中的地位越来越低,但人的伦理境界也在被不断提升,充分展示了人的伦理潜力和对人与自然和谐关系的伦理追求,体现了人对自身的超越,也为生态环境问题的最终解决提供了伦理支持。     

On the Mandela Spirit and Its Global Significance

This year marks the 100th anniversary of Nelson Mandela’s birth. The reason the global media reacted strongly to the news of Mandela’s death five years ago can be found in his lasting contributions and his immortal spirit. Mandela’s spirit is characterized by the noble ideals of opposing apartheid and achieving democracy, freedom and equality; by his philosophy of reconciliation, marked by magnanimity and forgiveness; by his principled stand for peace and justice in Africa and the world; by his political wisdom in summing up the situation and meeting the challenges of the times, evinced in his quitting office at the peak of his political life; by his thankfulness for help and concern for vulnerable groups; and by his personal charm, as reflected in his magnanimity, sense of humor, sincerity and sense of equality. These six qualities are closely connected and constitute a dialectical unity. South Africa is the birthplace of Mandela and the soil in which the Mandela spirit grew. The fact that South Africa produced a Mandela is closely connected with his historical era and the social environment, as well as the influence of countries around the world and the international support he received. Above all, however, Mandela’s rise was closely tied to his noble ideals and outstanding character. In a word, the internal and external origins of the Mandela spirit complement and illuminate each other. The Mandela spirit is rooted in South Africa, yet it belongs to the whole world and the whole human race. Its radiant reason, dynamism and strong personal influence will continue to illuminate our world with an eternal charisma. The world of today needs the Mandela spirit more than ever.     

U.S. foreign policies of presidents Bush and Clinton: The influence of China's most favored nation status upon human rights issues

The United States must find a new direction in its efforts to curb China's human rights abuses. The change will be a slow and difficult one, with each step measured by countless sacrifices. Without such steps, however, tens of thousands will suffer. During the last two presidential administrations, focus on human rights issues has increased as a result of the Tiananmen Square massacre. With the recent signing of China's most favored nation (MFN) status, Clinton has succesfully separated the issues of human rights abuses and international economics. Although he may have hoped to curb such abuses early in his presidency, he fell victim to the growing complexity of Congress and the ability of special interest groups to influence legislators. A possible explanation for the support of the MFN status by both presidents may be evident in their previous experiences. Bush, a former ambassador to China and representative at the United Nations, had a strong foreign policy background. Clinton, however, with a weak foreign policy background and no military experience, relies heavily on Vice President Gore's military history—during the Vietnam War—as well as his strengths in foreign service.     

后期海德格尔的"命运"思想初探

随着20世纪30年代思想的转折,海德格尔对“命运”、“天命”进行了深入探讨,由此获得的规定则显现并发展在他关于艺术、科技、语言及人的论述中:他的艺术之思表明艺术乃是天命得以展示之所;他的科技之思表明科技乃解蔽的天命;他的语言之思表明语言能为人带来天命的消息;他对人的思考表明人乃是澄明的天命。