模糊多属性决策方法在信息安全评估中的应用

随着信息安全产品的标准化趋势,安全评估在信息安全管理中正占据着越来越重要的地位,各种安全评估标准纷纷出台并不断完善.但目前仍然缺乏综合评价信息系统的多种安全属性的理论模型依据.本文利用模糊性多属性决策方法,建立了一种信息系统安全管理综合评估的定量模型,旨在综合各种定性定量评估因素的影响,得到对系统安全性的综合评价的量化值,从而提高信息系统的科学管理水平.     

制定反倾销策略的一种决策方法研究

研究倾销幅度变化引致的进口国经济和就业的变化对进口国制定反倾销策略有重要参考价值。本文建立了计算倾销对进口国经济直接、关联和完全影响的可计算局部均衡-投入占用产出模型。在该模型的基础上,逐一分析倾销幅度的变化所引起的进口国产业总产出的变化、就业的变化和消费者福利的变化,并给出了它们之间变化关系的经济数学表达式。该研究为制定反倾销策略提供了一种决策方法。     

一种基于偏好分布的群决策方法

为了满足群决策的实际需求,本文提出了一种基于偏好分布的群决策方法,该方法利用完全不对称预先排序向量表示决策者的偏好,通过分析计算偏好排序向量的密度和分布结构,从可行方案集合中寻找所有决策者都能接受的优选方案集合,逐次缩小搜索空间以逼近一致满意解。该方法结合冲突分析,可进一步分析决策者之间的相互关系,集成于谈判支持系统,具有直观、实用等特点,最后给出了一个实际例子说明该方法。     

双寡头垄断市场的信息安全投资模型研究

为考虑最优化信息安全投资对电子商务企业的市场竞争行为的影响,本文构建了一个双寡头垄断竞争两阶段博弈的信息安全投资收益模型,第一阶段厂商决定最优的信息安全投资及其收益,第二阶段厂商决定竞争价格.利用本文的最优化信息投资的决策方法分析了具有较高安全性的厂商具有较高的期望收益,证明了信息安全投资可以扩大市场需求和增加利润,并得出在寡占市场条件下的企业最优信息安全投资和均衡的市场价格,证明了率先进行信息安全投资的厂商可以成为市场的领导者的结论,这一理论结果符合现实的电子商务市场竞争结果.本文的信息安全投资模型与方法对在线厂商的信息安全投资决策的制定具有积极的指导作用.     

一种基于模糊推理的多目标柔性决策方法

在目前多目标决策研究的基础上 ,提出了基于模糊推理的目标函数集成方法 ,该方法避免了一般的目标函数集成方法特定函数形式的局限性 ,而直接基于决策者对目标偏好的知识结构 ,用模糊规则来表达 .实际上 ,基于模糊推理的目标函数集成方法对应于连续变化权值的算术加权平均集成 .该目标集成方法不仅与决策者的实际决策过程更加接近 ,而且由于模糊推理的通用逼近特性 ,可以表达一般的目标函数集成方法不能表示的决策偏好结构     

非确定型决策方法决策目标及决策结果可靠性研究

目前国内外缺乏关于非确定型决策方法的理论研究.本文对非确定型决策方法的决策目标的本质进行了经济学分析,提出了非确定型决策方法决策结果的可靠性概念和计算公式,并运用可靠性概念对非确定型决策方法使用中存在的误区进行了解释.     

一种多层群组决策方法及其灵敏度分析

对日常生活中常见的一种多层群组决策问题给出了相应的处理方法,进行了参数灵敏度分析,可用于解决实际问题     

区间数多属性决策的一种目标规划方法

带有区间数的多属性决策问题是有关多属性决策研究中的一个重要课题.针对如何计算每个决策方案的综合评价值,本文提出了一个新的分析方法,它是基于简单加权法则,通过建立线性目标规划模型来得到的方案的评价值.本文的方法改进了已有分析方法的不足之处.最后,给出了一个算例.     

企业投资项目决策中的问题与方法探析

文章分析了企业投资活动中存在的主要问题,探讨了进行投资项目的科学决策的方法。     

基于相互依赖性的信息安全投资博弈

相互依赖性是现阶段信息安全风险所具备的一个重要特征,网络中企业的信息安全决策会相互影响.本文以企业间的病毒传染为例,依据相互依赖性和威胁侵入类型的多样性,提出了企业间信息安全的投资博弈模型.通过外部性对企业间的依赖程度进行度量,说明了投资风险与企业间的病毒传染的概率和网络中企业数量之间的关系,并根据该关系,确定了多个企业进行信息安全投资的纳什均衡解.     

强制性约束下企业信息安全投资与网络保险的最优决策分析

研究了强制性约束下企业信息安全投资和网络保险的最优决策问题,对比了可观测企业损失和不可观测企业损失两种情形下基于破产概率约束的最优安全投资和网络保险保费厘定。研究结果表明：在可观测损失和公平保费情况下,当最大化单个企业的期望效用时,存在最优安全投资额,并且政府补贴和强制性约束都可以激励企业增加安全投资;但是当最大化所有企业效用时,只有强制性约束才能增加企业安全投资使得总效用最大化,并且企业的最优安全投资与损失的可观测程度无关。在不可观测损失情况下,当最大化单个企业期望效用时,企业的安全投资增大,而最大化所有企业效用时,存在正网络外部性,即任何企业均不敢轻易的减少安全投资,即使同在一个网络中的其他企业减少了安全投资。此外,在破产概率约束下,随着保费的增加,当损失可观测时,企业的安全投资也增加,但期望效用减少了;而当损失不可观测时,企业的安全投资和期望效用均减少。本文所得结论对政府设定强制性标准,以及企业利用安全投资和网络保险进行信息安全风险控制具有较好的参考价值。     

Linking IT Applications with Manufacturing Strategy: An Intelligent Decision Support System Approach

Research has indicated the importance of matching Information Technology (IT) applications or manufacturing systems with the competitive strategy of a company. Selection of the right type of IT application is, however, a challenging task. When a company with a given dominant process structure emphasizes two or more competitive priorities, such as quality, product flexibility, etc., an unaided manager faces a complex decision problem in choosing from alternative IT applications available in the areas of product design through distribution. In this paper, we develop an Intelligent Decision Support System (IDSS) to assist managers with assessment of the relative importance of competitive priorities in their organization, evaluation of the fit between the competitive priorities and their dominant process structure, and identification of the IT applications that are consistent with both the competitive priorities and the process structure. The IDSS is comprised of an interactive user interface, a knowledge database, a decision model, and a Knowledge-Based System (KBS) that was developed using the 1st Class KBS shell. Validation of the system illustrates that its performance is as good as the human expert, and it has the potential to facilitate effective and swift decision making in the selection of appropriate IT applications that best match an organization's manufacturing strategy. The choice and use of the right type of IT application should provide a company with a competitive edge.     

基于信息非对称的投资决策机制研究

现代企业投资项目的成功与否,不仅取决于企业所取得的融资量,而且还取决于委托人、代理人关系链的制约,激励机制的有效发挥.由于企业经理作为代理人同委托人存在信息非对称,经理存在逆向选择和道德风险问题,此时,如何配置资金并给予经理人适当激励以使企业获得更高的绩效,经理的最优补偿方案与企业的投资机会特征间的联系,经理补偿方案与企业价值间的联系,便成为我们研究的一些重要课题.本文基于信息经济学和博弈论的基本理论,在对项目盈利水平进行量化的一维空间中,分析委托人,尤其是代理人的行为方式,建立模型,研究委托人的最佳机制(资本配置方案、经理人的激励补偿方案)和代理人的最佳战略.模型的研究结论将项目盈利水平的一维空间由低到高分为了三个区域,分别确立了委托人和代理人的最优策略.     

基于实物期权的新技术投资决策实证研究

本文基于对我国高新技术企业的实际调研,从实物期权视角检验不同类型不确定性对企业新技术投资决策的影响。研究结果表明,市场与政策不确定性对投资的延迟作用与技术不确定性对投资的促进作用得到不同程度验证,而竞争强度与投资不可逆程度对不确定性与投资关系的调节作用则不完全符合实物期权的理论预期。论文结果揭示了我国高新技术企业进行投资决策的一般规律,可为企业应用实物期权方法提供参考。     

Improving Decision Effectiveness of Artificial Neural Networks: A Modified Genetic Algorithm Approach

This study proposes the use of a modified genetic algorithm (MGA), a global search technique, as a training method to improve generalizability and to identify relevant inputs in a neural network (NN) model. Generalizability refers to the NN model's ability to perform well on exemplars (observations) that were not used during training (out‐of‐sample); improved generalizability enhances NN's acceptability as a valid decision‐support tool. The MGA improves generalizability by setting unnecessary weights (or connections) to zero and by eliminating these weights. Because the eliminated weights have no further impact on the training (in‐sample or out‐of‐sample data), the relevant variables can be identified from the model. By eliminating unnecessary weights, the MGA is able to search and find a parsimonious model that generalizes well. Unlike the traditional NN, the MGA identifies the model variables that contribute to an outcome, helping decision makers to rationalize output and accept results with greater confidence. The study uses real‐life data to demonstrate the use of MGA.     

公司证券投资、所有权类型与资本结构决策关系研究

考察了股市收益波动与公司资本结构决策之间的关系,以此分析上市公司是否存在违规举债炒股行为。研究发现:股市收益波动与公司负债水平正相关,即上市公司会根据市场收益情况举债进行证券投资决策,这种正相关关系在非国有企业更为显著;政府的监管政策效果不明显。研究结果证实了上市公司存在违规举债炒股行为,检验了政策效果并明确了监管的重点与方向。     

Decision Processes for Developing Strategic Applications of Information Systems: A Contingency Approach*

Strategic applications of information systems (IS) are considered by IS researchers to be determined by contextual factors such as environmental uncertainty, and influenced by attributes of the processes preceding them, such as planning and top management support. For better management of the process leading to these applications, it is essential to understand the relationship between process attributes and contextual factors. Utilizing a contingency approach, this article takes a step toward such an understanding. Based on successful strategic IS applications from 81 large companies, it examines the relationship between the context of these applications and the decision-making process leading to them. The results indicate that the external environment is related to whether a rational or political decision-making process is used. The IS function seems to influence the use of the decision process implied by IS researchers, one in which the top management champions the strategic application, while the IS managers contribute by conducting in-depth analysis. However, the organization structure was not related to any decision process attribute. The implications of these findings for future research and practice are also discussed.     

Strategic Investment Decision Processes and Organizational Performance: An Empirical Examination

The central question that this paper aims to answer is whether there is a relationship between organizational performance and the characteristics of strategic investment decision (SID) processes. To do so, it adopts an empirically derived nine-dimensional framework for classifying SID processes and employs a set of objective and perceptual measures of performance. The empirical results stemming from the process-performance relationship, suggest that higher performance is strongly related to more rational decision-making processes (DMPs); more financial reporting activities; broader participation both in terms of departments and in terms of hierarchical levels. Furthermore, our data suggest that long-term performance appears to be more strongly related to SID processes than short-term performance and the ‘structural’ characteristics of the DMPs (i.e. rationality, financial reporting) are mainly related to long-term objective performance, while such ‘behavioural’ characteristics of the DMPs, as problem-solving dissension, reveal some interesting associations with short-term performance. In light of these findings, implications for theory and future research are advanced