美国硅谷视域下的印度人华人之比较

在美国硅谷半个多世纪的发展过程中,印度人和华人发挥着重要的作用。然而,通过对硅谷印度人和华人的对比分析发现,他们之间存在着非常多的差异,主要表现在民族认同感、创业模式和动力、价值观、思维方式、处世方式、社会认知与形象等方面。产生这些差异的主要原因是不同民族性格、文化心理和价值取向等。     

詹姆逊的空间化思考：从超空间到认知测绘美学*

詹姆逊的空间化思考立足于马克思主义和曼德尔的资本主义分期，他实现了对晚期资本主义的空间批评，提出超空间这一后现代概念，以建筑、文化、绘画和电影进行空间分析，并建构认知测绘美学作为晚期资本主义的拯救之途。他的理论贡献构成更大范围的社会理论的空间转向的一部分。     

中关村的文化生态与功能定位

20世纪80年代中关村的崛起固然与科研院所的贡献分不开,这里高校密集的人文地理环境也在很大程度上为其崛起创造了条件。老中关村地区有着极其复杂的文化生态,无论是主流的精英群体还是其他普通人群都没有完全脱去其“中国”与“本土”的草根文化本色。实证研究表明,当下的中关村文化的原生态正在面临“大公司化”、“硅谷化”的威胁。     

邓小平与“卡夫丁峡谷”的跨越

通过19世纪70年代以后的潜心研究,马克思借用“卡夫丁峡谷”这一古罗马时代的典故,提出了他晚年的天才设想：俄国等东方国家通过吸收资本主义创造的文明成果和巨大成就,可以实现向社会主义的过渡,从而避开资本主义制度及其灾难。以邓小平为核心的第二代中央领导集体在跨越“峡谷”内外条件均已具备的情况下,进一步作出了对外开放的重大决策,使马克思晚年设想从纯理论和俄国的特定历史背景以及马克思的具体语境中转入中国现实,实现了设想的中国化。     

The “Exceptional”United States: First New Nation or Last Welfare State?

The author discusses the American welfare state in the context of Lash and Urry's thesis on ‘disorganized capitalism’. Attention is directed to the claim that the US welfare state has been the laggard of organized capitalism but is becoming the pathbreaker in defining patterns of public welfare provision under an increasingly disorganized capitalism. In this context the US may be “showing the way” to the welfare states of Western Europe. A number of claims about the “exceptional” nature of US development are reviewed and a number of reservations are entered against the “disorganization” thesis as applied to the welfare state. It is suggested that attention should be focussed upon contemporary patterns of welfare state re-organization rather than dis-organization.     

创客及其文化历史基因探源

“创客”一词由英国科幻作家科利·多克托罗初创,但创客理念则由美国人戴尔·多尔蒂和克里斯·安德森宣扬开来。创客运动很好地诠释了大众借助科技推动着社会向前发展,而创客运动的发展则离不开创客文化的支撑。创客文化兴盛于美国乃是其历史基因所致,具体说来主要包括车库文化、硅谷文化、 DIY文化和黑客文化。中国发展创客文化势不宜缓,应结合实际情况进行相应培育和创新,而非机械地盲目照搬。     

硅谷银行模式与科技型中小企业融资

科技型中小企业是我国高新技术产业发展的生力军,是科技成果转化的孵化器,是我国经济发展的重要增长点。融资困难是影响我国科技型中小企业发展的重要因素之一。虽然我国采取了多项措施支持科技型中小企业融资,但由于融资规模有限,还远远不能满足企业需求。发展专业服务于科技型中小企业的科技银行——美国硅谷银行发展模式,是解决这一难题的一条重要途径,但发展风险投资、强化信用环境是两个必要的条件。     

Karl Marx's sociological theory of democracy: Civil society and political rights

This essay reconstructs Marx's relationship to democracy and liberalism through an examination of his early work which was directly concerned with the issues of understanding democracy as a kind of society. Only with an analysis of the dynamics of civil society—a political economic, sociological, and historical understanding—could the true nature of citizenship be discerned. In contradistinction to liberal political theory, he would argue that political theory could not stand on its own if it analyzed only the state. Marx came to understand the contradiction between the liberal state and civil society as what he called a sophistry because it undermined the possibility of the democratic agency of workers. This was a sophistry, not because he opposed political democracy, but because the development of capitalism undermined the possibility of democratic agency. Citizenship could be nothing but a “lion's skin” of politics concealing the nature of civil society beneath it. This contradiction would drive Marx's thought forward as he moved from liberalism to democratic socialism with his developing understanding of the structure and dynamics of capitalism from 1843 until the end of his life. The essay illustrates two closely related claims about Marx's thought regarding liberalism and democracy. First, I argue that Marx engaged in a democratic critique of liberalism; second, and as a response to his democratic critique of liberalism, Marx developed a more sociological understanding of democracy, and hence believed that political democracy was a necessary condition of freedom, though not a sufficient condition.     

Towards a critical theory of communication as renewal and update of Marxist humanism in the age of digital capitalism

This paper's task is to outline some foundations of a critical, Marxist-humanist theory of communication in the age of digital capitalism. It theorises the role of communication in society, communication and alienation, communication in social struggles, social struggles for democratic communication, the contradictions of digital capitalism, and struggles for digital socialist humanism. Marxist humanism is a counter-narrative, counter-theory, and counter-politics to neoliberalism, new authoritarianism, and postmodernism. A critical theory of communication can should draw on this intellectual tradition. Communication and work stand in a dialectical relationship. Communication mediates, organises and is the process of the production of sociality and therefore of the reproduction of society. Society and communication are in class and capitalist societies shaped by the antagonism between instrumental and co-operative reason. Authoritarianism and humanism are two basic, antagonistic modes of organisation of society and communication. Instrumental reason creates and universalises alienation. Digital capitalism is a dimension of contemporary society where digital technologies such as the computer, the Internet, the mobile phone, tablets, robots, and AI-driven (“smart”) technologies mediate the accumulation of capital, influence, and reputation. A Marxist-humanist theory of communication aims to inform struggles for a good, commons-based, public Internet in a good, commons-based society that has a vivid, democratic public sphere.     

Structure and agency between French and Morphogenetic Régulation

This article examines the gradual evolution of the French Régulation school (FR) for the study of capitalism through the lens of structure and agency. The analysis first segments the school into two epochs, the early Régulation, led by authors Aglietta and Lipietz, and the later Régulation, which saw the rise of Boyer. We find that the gradual progression that occurred within the FR school is linked to its authors' implicit ontic engagement with structure and agency, which, in turn, provides natural linkages to Critical Realism. In the second part of the paper, we demonstrate how the comparison between Morphogenetic Régulation and French Régulation (FR) can facilitate a much deeper reading of the structure-agency debate pertaining to the transformation of capitalism. In so doing, it discusses the value addedness of Morphogenetic Régulation through three specific concepts by stressing their relevance for contemporary studies in international political economy. These concepts are: stratified emergence; causality and the problématique of hierarchy.     

Science and Society in the Atomic Age

A leading Soviet physicist and Nobel Prize winner (1956) discusses the present role and the potential of science in our highly complex mechanized age, as well as the role, position and responsibility of the individual scientist, under both capitalism and socialism. (Voprosy Filosofii, 1960, No. 7—slightly abridged.)     

Our Capitalism: Between Oligarchic and Bureaucratic

The socioeconomic structure of Russian society is currently undergoing fundamental changes. It is natural, therefore, that interest in how people relate to their work has increased. This interest is based, in particular, on Max Weberys classic finding that the fundamental socioeconomic changes associated with the emergence of capitalism would not have occurred without the development of a new work ethic. The purpose of the present article is to analyze two types of normative and motivational structures regulating the work activity of the populatioe those determined by society's oficial ideology and those that characterize people's personal attitudes toward the importance of work in general as well as toward its particular aspects.     

正确认识当代资本主义的新变化

当代资本主义的新变化主要表现为资本占有、经济运行、阶级关系、分配形式四个方面.引起这些变化的原因是资本主义生产关系尚有对生产力的适应力;工人阶级的不懈斗争改变了资本主义进程;社会主义的成就对资本主义产生了深刻的影响.但是,资本主义的本质没有改变,资本主义基本矛盾没有消除,社会主义代替资本主义的总趋势没有改变.资本主义的新变化借鉴了社会主义的成就,增添了社会主义的因素,这是社会主义必然性的预示.     

Social psychology,consumer culture and neoliberalism: A response to Phelps and White (2018)

The following essay responds to three main issues raised by Phelps and White (2018) in their critical commentary on our article (McDonald, Gough, Wearing & Deville, 2017). The first concerns the lack of precision in the conceptualisation of neoliberalism and the recent threats to it as we enter a potentially new phase of capitalism. While we share Phelps and White's concern, we argue that there is value in continuing to use neoliberalism as a concept for understanding some aspects of social behaviour. As to recent threats to neoliberalism, evidence indicates that it will continue to persist in the immediate future. To deal with neoliberalism's conceptual problems in social psychology, Phelps and White advance the potential theory of a ‘market‐derived logics’. We commend the authors for pursuing this endeavor, however, we caution that care needs to be taken in its conceptualisation. Lastly, we discuss Phelps and White's disciplinary reflections on social psychology.     

论1949-1956年党对私人资本主义政策的意义和启示

1949-1956年党对私人资本主义政策的制定和实施,具有重要的理论意义和实践意义,它丰富和发展了科学社会主义理论,是国际共产主义运动史上的伟大创举,是新时期党关于资本主义和私营经济思想的理论先导.通过对1949-1956年党对私人资本主义政策的全面研究,可以得到很多深刻的启示(1)利用资本主义是社会主义初级阶段必须长期坚持的基本国策;(2)在为私营经济提供广阔发展空间的同时,应加强管理;(3)国有企业和私营企业的竞争应该是一种有利于各自发展的良性竞争.     

Growth Rates of the Soviet Economy

The draft of the new CPSU Program states that under present conditions, the all-around progress of Soviet society and its movement forward toward communism can and must be secured through the acceleration of socioeconomic development. Acceleration is the Party's strategic course that advances to the fore the problem of growth rates. At the same time, higher economic growth rates are needed to counteract adverse trends in the dynamics of the national economy and to compensate losses associated therewith. They are also needed to maintain the required balance of power between the two opposing socioeconomic systems and to speed the full victory of socialism in its economic competition with capitalism. The projected rates of development must make it possible to bring the national economy up to a fundamentally new scientific-technological and organizational-economic level in the next fifteen years and to double the nation's production potential and the volume of resources allocated for the satisfaction of the Soviet people's needs.     

“文明体”与“上层结构”：两种视角下的悖论对韦伯与布罗代尔资本主义观的比较

布罗代尔与韦伯的资本主义观互相矛盾。韦伯把资本主义看作一个文明体 ,从文化与宗教的角度理解资本主义 ,认为理性化是资本主义产生的关键因素 ,资本主义文明是人类的进步 ;布罗代尔把资本主义当作上层结构 ,从政治 -经济的角度批判性地解释资本主义 ,认为资本主义只是一小部分人的特权。理论预设与分析视角的不同是二者观点分歧的根源。     

Bipolar Illness,God, and Object Relations: The Treatment of M

This article explores the concomitant change in one client's object relations and his image of God that occurred in the context of psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy. The case demonstrates the benefit of long-term psychoanalytically oriented treatment to help an individual with major mental illness to heal emotionally, mentally, and spiritually. The client, who suffers from bipolar I disorder, experienced significant developmental mastery as he moved from the paranoid/schizoid position to the depressive position (developmental stages conceptualized by theorists Melanie Klein and Douglas Fairbairn). In addition, the psychotherapy mitigated the effects of homonegativity on M's self-image and his experience of his homosexuality. Through our work, the client began to see and interact with this clinical social worker, others, and the God of his understanding, in a more realistic and healthy manner. M's participation in a 12-Step group and his adherence to its beliefs augmented changes he made through psychotherapy. Through a long-term psychoanalytically oriented psychotherapy and involvement in Al-Anon meetings, the client's belief in a punishing God shifted toward a more benevolent one—a God who had a plan for his life that was revealed through the transformation of his suffering. In summary, M's object relations changed toward a greater balance of emotions and development of more textured relationships, including his relationship toward himself and God.     

The Social Impact of Industrial and Resource Development on Local Communities: A Survey of Residents' Views

This paper describes the results of two surveys of public attitudes, perceptions, and expectations regarding large-scale energy development projects in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria. A baseline survey was conducted in 1974, before plans for a massive increase in planned energy generation for the Valley had begun to be instituted (projected to inject 440MW per year additional capacity to the year 1989, compared with an average annual increase of 52MW per year which characterized the period from 1921 to 1974 (State Electricity Commission of Victoria 1981)) and before construction commenced in 1977, on the first of two 2000MW power stations, located at Loy Yang, six kilometres from the town of Traralgon in the Latrobe Valley, Victoria. A subsequent survey was undertaken in 1981, with construction well-advanced on the first two 500MW units. The community studies represent part of a major project concerned with impact assessment of new industrial and resource projects in settled (as distinct from isolated) regions of Australia.