一个特殊回族群体的人类学调查--以卡力岗两个回族村为个案

本文是笔者对卡力岗地区民族志调查系列报告之一,即卡力岗回族村的田野调查报告.报告以卡力岗地区面积最大、人口最多的德恒隆乡两个分别操藏语、操汉语的回族村为个案,首次全面展示了卡力岗回族村的民族构成、语言使用、居住规律与宗教信仰状况等;辨析了卡力岗人的概念,诠释了卡力岗人这个特殊回族群体的民族认同观.卡力岗回族村的人类学调查,反映了我国回族形成与族源的多元性,印证了回回民族宗教信仰与民族文化特质紧密结合的整体特征.     

边缘化的中国穆斯林族群研究

边缘化的中国穆斯林族群是指那些生活在蒙藏等民族地区的回族及蒙古族穆斯林 ,由于他们人口少 ,长期与该地区占绝对多数的主体民族生活在一起 ,他们之间相互通婚 ,在主体民族强势文化影响下 ,接受主体民族的语言、服饰及生活方式 ,但仍保持了伊斯兰教信仰。学术界一般称他们为藏回、蒙古回回、傣回、彝回等 ,这些边缘化的穆斯林生活方式及历史来源成为近年来学术界关注和讨论的热点 ,认识还不尽统一。笔者结合田野调查同时吸收其他学者的相关研究成果 ,提出了自己的看法 ,供大家参考     

藏彝走廊多民族音乐交流交融下的文化共享与认同——以藏族扎木聂与彝族月琴为例

藏彝走廊保存了极为丰富的多民族音乐资源。多民族音乐的产生和发展是历史上各民族长期交往交流交融的必然结果,呈现了“中华民族多元一体格局”的历史必然性和客观实在性。藏彝走廊多民族音乐以多样性、包容性、互动性、流动性等特质成为族群音乐文化的内核之一,呈现出族群、跨族群传播的音乐共享现象。极强的音乐传播力促进了族群之间的文化认同,以此成为各民族交流互动“美美与共”的文化纽带,作为共创共享的音乐文化,其发展蕴含着“你中有我,我中有你”的文化逻辑。藏族扎木聂与彝族月琴在藏彝走廊整个音乐文化中是具有代表性、标示性的弹拨乐器之一,在很大程度上促进了藏、彝民族文化认同,增强了族群心理共构关系,发挥了重要的精神调节功能。本文打破民族、地区、乐器、乐曲的藩篱,以中华民族音乐发展的历史视野和中华民族音乐交流交融的民族视野来研究藏彝走廊多民族音乐,这对提升民族音乐的发展力、感染力和传播力等都具有重要的启示性意义。     

青海卡力岗人研究综述

自从上个世纪80年代初以来,居住在青海省化隆回族自治县西南部的卡力岗山区的一部分说藏语安多方言,有部分藏族生活习俗的回族穆斯林,日益引起学术界的关注。二十多年来的卡力岗研究取得了一些令人瞩目的成绩,然而也存在着许多显而易见的不足。本文旨在对这二十多年来的研究成果做一个学术回顾,以求为今后的卡力岗研究逐渐走向深入做好准备。     

拉萨藏回及其文化思考

本文以拉萨藏回为研究对象,首先对拉萨藏回的定义进行界定.拉萨藏回,是对拉萨回族的俗称,是指当前户籍在西藏自治区拉萨地区,接受部分藏族生活习惯,与藏族通婚,穿藏装,说藏语.但信仰伊斯兰教的法定回族.其次,本文从历史族源、宗教信仰和生活习俗三个方面陈述拉萨藏回的主要文化特点.最后,根据上文拉萨藏回的文化特点分析其引发的思考,即拉萨藏回是伊斯兰文化在西藏本土化的结果,体现了文化的适应性特征;拉萨藏回所反映的不仅仅是简单的回变藏的文化表象,而是不同民族、不同宗教和谐相处的良好范式.     

原创·互融·多元——当代藏语文学的传承创新发展

当代藏语文学是中华民族共同体意识下展示中国文学“大文学观”的重要内容。藏语文学承接1400余年的藏族书面文学传统,体现了多民族文化交往交流交融的文学特性。新时期以来,当代藏语文学出现的一批优秀藏语文作家,他们能同时用藏汉、藏、英等多种语言文字创作,且有意识地采用现代藏文进行创作,使藏族原有的格言诗、寓言小说、说唱文学等传统文体得到传承、创新和发展,受到藏、汉、英等多语言阅读世界的关注与研究。藏语文学自身携带的古老的诗性智慧,从慈悲利众到诗意浪漫,作品充满情感力量和对生命终极意义的哲学思考,将藏语文学创作的“地域研究”和“族群个性研究”置于更广阔的历史文化背景下,需要不断拓展藏语文学的边界,以建构多民族共同体诗学。     

尼泊尔的藏裔族群及藏语方言研究

尼泊尔是我国的重要内陆邻国,其境内散居着数十个与我国藏族同源异流的藏裔族群。自古至今,尼泊尔的藏裔族群与我国藏族在宗教、贸易等各方面都保持着密切的往来。其使用的藏语方言共有19种,不同方言间既有区域共性也有个体差异,但都和藏语拉萨话有着较大的相似性。这些方言在保留了古藏语大部分特征的同时,随着时间的推移,也演化出一些新的语言特征,其中,大部分方言都处于濒危状态。对尼泊尔藏裔族群和藏语方言进行调查和研究,有助于加深对尼泊尔藏裔族群和其藏语方言的了解,有助于加强相关学术研究和文化交流,有助于增进中尼两国人民之间的友谊,有助于推动构建人类命运共同体。     

关于云南“藏回”社会文化变迁的思考

具有藏族和回族双重文化特征的"藏回"②,是历史上回族积极适应边疆多民族社会文化的产物,属于云南回族的一个派生族群或亚族群(subgroup)③.此篇以这一亚族群近期发生的文化和民族认同回归的调查为基础,利用宗教人类学、民族学的理论和方法探讨了回归的原因.同时还描述了"藏回"独特的文化,旨在展现回族文化发展的多元空间.     

文化叠压带:多民族杂居区域的文化层积关系──以云南省为例

当代云南多元民族文化系由七大族群相继迁入定居而层叠形成。本文运用地质学、考古 学地层叠压图式分析了云南省、滇中地区、沿边境地区三个层次不同的文化叠压带实例，论述了文化分 布缘于族群分布，族群迁徙导致文化传播、漂移。由于文化叠压带生成机制的作用，处于底层文化带的 族群及其文化易被湮没，而处于表层的文化形态亦并非特定区域的真实文化图景。力图揭示多民族杂居 区域的文化分布、文化层积纵横两个方面的互动关系，对于妥善处理民族关系及族际文化冲突亦有启发 作用。     

从两份家谱看"帕西傣"的形成

"帕西"是傣语对回族的称呼.在云南和中国民族学界,"帕西傣"这一概念,专指云南省西双版纳州勐海县勐海乡曼短村公所的曼峦回、曼赛回两个寨子的特殊穆斯林族群.本文以两份新发现的家谱为线索讨论"帕西傣"这一特殊穆斯林族群的形成问题,认为"帕西傣"通过不同的婚姻形式来稳定、发展自己,并在此过程中形成独特的民族风俗和民族心理,是云南回族穆斯林从清代以来,在适应西南边疆少数民族社会过程中,通过族际婚姻而形成的回族派生族群.     

The Socioeconomic Attainments of Non-immigrant Cambodian, Filipino, Hmong, Laotian, Thai, and Vietnamese Americans

Using recent American Community Survey data, this study investigates socioeconomic attainments of six ethnic groups of Southeast Asian Americans. Findings show that the educational attainment of Filipinos, Vietnamese, and Thai is higher than that of whites, while the educational attainment of Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians is lower than that of whites. Regarding earnings, Southeast Asian American women are generally not disadvantaged relative to white women, but Southeast Asian American men tend to have lower earnings than white men after controlling for education and other demographic factors such as age, metropolitan residence, and region. We conclude that Cambodians, Hmong, and Laotians are the most disadvantaged groups among Southeast Asian Americans and that most Southeast Asian American male groups tend to be at least slightly disadvantaged in the labor market at least after controlling for metropolitan residence and region.     

革命,民族,现代性——关于中共陕甘宁边区政府回族干部的考论

抗日战争时期,在团结抗日的目标条件下,群众团体成为中国社会各阶层的动员和组织的重要形式。在众多回族抗日群众团体中,成立于1938年的中国回民救国协会是影响深远的回族群众团体,为了更好地动员和团结各民族,1940年在延安成立了第一个少数民族抗日群众团体—延安回民救国协会,同年还成立了中国回民救国协会陕甘宁分会。通过对延安回民救国协会的观察和研究,以及对回族基层干部的关注,可以了解到回族基层干部主要是中共中央基层组织培养和教育的结果。本文以金浪白和马文良为例,研究他们的经历、参加中国革命的契机,以及他们在中国共产党回族政策中的作用。此外,通过对其他回族干部来源调查,研究中国共产党如何选拔录用回族干部,并与鄂豫皖根据地选拔与录用干部方式的加以比较,探讨回族干部选拔录取方式的特点,提出有关回族妇女干部的新观点。     

Islam,Moderation, Radicalism,and Justly Balanced Communities

If media outlets and political rhetoric are to be believed, then the way to counter “radical” Islam is through “moderate” Islam. Seemingly, “moderate” Islam is that which “radical” Islam is not. In appointing “moderate” Islam as an antidote to “radical” Islam, the implication is that, conceptually at least, the two terms are contradistinctive. Yet, while much is, perceivably, known about “radical” Islam, with its associated ills of an unequivocal Islamic worldview, very little attention has been afforded to this signifier, “moderate”. Inasmuch as this term is bandied around, even scholars of Islam will acknowledge that, within Islamic education, understandings of and debates on conceptions of moderation, and moderate Muslim communities, have been somewhat overlooked. What, therefore, is a “moderate” Islam? What is a “moderate” Muslim community and how would it act? What are the implications for a “moderate” community in relation to pluralist societies? And, can such a “moderate” community offer a practical response not only to “radical” Islam, but, perhaps, more importantly, to increasingly antagonistic, liberal contexts?     

Migration,masculinity, and family

Previous studies of migration, family, and gender have shown that migration is not only an event that changes family life, the change itself is a gendered process. How migrant women develop strategies to cope with challenges posed by either their own migration or their husbands’ migration has been widely studied. However, how migrant men adjust and change their care practices and domestic roles to accommodate challenges brought about by migration to their family lives has not been as extensively explored. Using interview data gathered from male rural-to-urban migrant workers in South China, this paper fills this gap by studying male migrants’ agency and masculinity through the concept of masculine compromise. Masculine compromise delineates how migrant men strive to respond to changing family circumstances triggered by migration while maintaining the gender boundaries that underpin their dominance within the family. As a concept, masculine compromise underscores the material impact of migration on gender practices and family life; and the limited effect it has on gender attitudes and identity. Masculine compromise provides a feminist lens to analyse the complex effect of migration on changing masculinity and gender relationships within the family.     

Race, Genetic Ancestry, and Health

Knowledge from human genetic research continuously challenges the notion that race and biology are inextricably linked, with implications across biomedical and public health disciplines. However, biomedical research continues to explore health and disease under a racial framework ignoring and at times confounding the identification of true biological and/or environmental risk factors. Within this article, we present a brief overview of the use of race in biomedical research and studies of human genome variation and how genetic ancestry may help us understand health disparities. We believe that the casual use of “race” to define groups in biomedical research has contributed to our limited understanding of complex disease etiology and risk factors driving health disparities.     

Bushfire catastrophe in Victoria,Australia: public record,accountability, commemoration,memorialization and heritage protection

In Australia, 7 February 2009 has become known as ‘Black Saturday’ because of the bushfire catastrophe that took 173 lives and devastated communities in the central parts of the State of Victoria. The paper considers how the 2009 fires have been recorded, how the issue of accountability has been dealt with, particularly in relation to the State and its agencies but also individual residents in the fire-devastated areas, and how bushfire deaths and other losses have been commemorated through remembrance events and museum collection projects and memorialized through the creation of new monuments and the protection of remaining physical structures as official heritage. Despite the major impact of bushfires on the State, to date few bushfire-related places have been protected. The former Cockatoo Kindergarten, which acted as a community refuge during an earlier catastrophic Victorian bushfire on Ash Wednesday, 16 February 1983, is an exception. Inscribed in 2012, the former kindergarten is the only bushfire-related place inscribed on the Victorian Heritage Register, in this case for its historical and social value as a place resonating with other communities affected by other bushfires and helping the broader Victorian public to come to terms with bushfire catastrophe. But, while bushfire commemoration activities and physical memorials, like those relating to war, help many societies remember individual and community pain and suffering, they can divert attention from the more fundamental questions of why they were there in the first place and what must be done to ensure the same catastrophe does not recur in the future. In this regard, the paper questions the oft-cited claim that bushfires are embedded in the Australian psyche, seeing links between the rhetoric around bushfire survival and Australian myth-making and nation-building.     

Colorful Reflections: Skin Tone,Reflected Race,and Perceived Discrimination among Blacks,Latinxs, and Whites

Race and Social Problems - How do Black, Latinx, and White people who believe they are mistaken as a member of another racial group perceive the amount of racial discrimination they experience, and...     

论"民族"(上)

本文标题中列出的一连串概念 -术语 ,成为目前处于社会科学各学科 (从民族学到哲学 )关注中心的一组问题。С·Е·雷巴科夫的佳作———《民族的哲学》① ———是对民族问题(этнонациональнаяпроБлематика)进行哲学思考的鲜明实例。这部著作以其对于至今仍然是争论对象的现象 ( феномен)的独到见解而著称 ,因为它 (指现象———译者 )是如此自相矛盾和形态多样 ,以至无论怎样也不想去硬套某种理论或观念。《民族的哲学》的作者在分析有关民族问题的大量著作的过程中采用了另外一种科学方法 ,我深信 ,…     

Enoch Powell,empires, immigrants and education

2018 marks the 50th anniversary of Enoch Powell’s infamous ‘Rivers of Blood’ speech, an intervention that is still viewed as one of the most incendiary statements of the perceived decay and violence likely to follow legislation intended to assure minoritised British citizens of equal rights regardless of their ethnic origin. In this essay, Sally Tomlinson (one of Britain’s foremost multicultural theorists) reflects on Powell’s legacy and the contemporary scene where in the US, UK and across Europe, White resentment and fear is increasingly shaping ‘mainstream’ debates about nationhood, migration and education.