Transformation of Social Care Services for the Elderly in Slovakia

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this article is to present a theoretical framework for the relevant historical, economic, demographic, and political factors influencing the transformation of social care services for the elderly in Slovakia. A major restructuring of the social care services for the elderly is necessitated by the aging of the Slovak population (demographic reason), the path dependency of the current Slovak elderly care system (historical reason), the growing purchasing power of older people and the general population (economic reason), and new requirements formulated by the European Union and the general public (political reason). Historical documents, legislative acts, strategic documents, international project documents, and statistics were reviewed, and 34 open-ended interviews within the framework of two case studies were carried out in order to obtain qualitative and quantitative data. The theoretical framework and the results based on those interviews indicate that the Slovak social care service for the elderly may turn out to become more similar to the advanced Central European systems, but also that prompt legislative and financial changes are required. Nevertheless, the future direction can only be more precisely identified when more case studies can be compared with one another.     

政府信用与民众信任

大量的社会学研究表明 ,中国正经历着一场普遍的信任（ｔｒｕｓｔ）危机。更有学者指出 ,中国目前最稀缺的资源就是信用（张维迎 ,２００１）。个人、企业、社会组织和权力机构以及整个社会都普遍存在着失信行为。加入世贸组织 ,跨入信用社会 ,要求建立一套新的市场游戏规则 ,在这套游戏规则中 ,政府的信用成为万众瞩目的焦点。信任研究的社会学视角信任是中国文化中一个古老的话题 ,“仁、义、礼、智、信”五常之一就是“信” ,其中的“信”除信任外 ,更多时候指的是信用。信任与信用是两个相互独立的概念 ,但两者又相辅相成 ,前者侧重于个…     

异质性社会的社会和谐何以可能--马克思劳动生产理论视阈下的公共交往与伦理建构

由青年哲学论坛、《哲学研究》编辑部、《哲学动态》编辑部共同主办,华侨大学马克思主义哲学研究所承办的第二届“马克思主义哲学创新论坛”,于2005年6月23—26日在福建省泉州市华侨大学召开。来自中国社会科学院哲学所、北京大学、北京师范大学、首都师范大学、中国政法大学、北京化工大学、南京大学、复旦大学、南开大学、武汉大学、中山大学、厦门大学、华侨大学、陕西师范大学以及求是杂志社、中国社会科学杂志社、新华文摘杂志社、哲学研究杂志社、《哲学动态》编辑部、天津社会科学杂志社、学术研究杂志社、学术界杂志社、江海学刊杂志社和学习与探索杂志社等单位的近40名学者参加了这次会议。会议以“建构新形态的马克思主义哲学”为主题,具体围绕着“马克思主义哲学的生活维度”、“文本研究与建构新形态的马克思主义哲学”和“哲学对话与建构新形态的马克思主义哲学”三个分论题展开了讨论。本期以“马克思主义的公共性理论”为主题刊发这次会议上的三篇文章。     

Oslo +20: Reassessing the role of confidence building measures

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Using government manifestos to analyse the political salience and shape of anti-corruption policies in the Czech Republic and Slovakia

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Economic Darwinism: Who has the Best Probabilities?

Simulation evidence obtained within a Bayesian model of price-setting in a betting market, where anonymous gamblers queue to bet against a risk-neutral bookmaker, suggests that a gambler who wants to maximize future profits should trade on the advice of the analyst cum probability forecaster who records the best probability score, rather than the highest trading profits, during the preceding observation period. In general, probability scoring rules, specifically the log score and better known “Brier” (quadratic) score, are found to have higher probability of ranking rival analysts in predetermined “correct” order than either (i) the more usual method of counting categorical forecast errors (misclassifications), or (ii) an economic measure of forecasting success, described here as the “Kelly score” and defined as the trading profits accumulated by making log optimal bets (i.e. Kelly betting) against the market maker based on the probability forecasts of the analyst being assessed. This runs counter to the conventional wisdom that financial forecasts are more aptly evaluated in terms of their financial consequences than by an abstract non-monetary measure of statistical accuracy such as the number of misclassifications or a probability score.      

论中国特色社会主义理论自信的客观基础

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论奥运科技如何产业化

2008年北京奥运会是一场竞技体育的盛会,也是一场高新科技的展示会。将奥运科技产业化是奥运会后开发利用奥运财富的重要内容。本文在对奥运科技进行分类综述的基础上,提出了奥运科技产业化潜力的识别指标体系,以及奥运科技产业化或推广应用的体制、方式和模式,并就奥运科技如何产业化提出了具体的建议。     

How to Use the Sourcebook

No abstract available for this article.     

论民营经济对西部大开发的助推作用

西部地区民营经济发展滞后是造成东西部差距的关键因素。东部沿海地区积极发展民营经济 ,使之异军突起 ,积累了丰富的经验 ,为西部大开发提供了重要启示。西部的自然社会条件相当优越 ,也有利于民营经济的发展。在西部大开发中应把民营经济作为发展的起步经济 ,充分发挥其助推作用     

盛乐成为漠南中心的历史背景

古盛乐城位于今内蒙古和林格尔县土城子乡下土城村北,南距县城城关10公里,北距呼和浩特市区40公里;在自然地理上处于黄河河套的东北、大黑河中游与浑河中游之间.如今盛乐已经成为故城,留下一片空旷的废墟.盛乐虽然早就消逝,却曾经是整个漠南的中心.     

Comfort and confidence levels of health care professionals providing pediatric palliative care in the intensive care unit

Most childhood deaths that occur in the hospital happen in the pediatric intensive care unit. Providing pediatric palliative care in the intensive care unit comes with unique challenges due to the acute care, curative and often medically aggressive focus of these settings. In this study, 190 PICU health care professionals reported on their comfort and confidence in providing palliative care. Findings indicate that professionals report only a moderate level of comfort and confidence in this type of care in the pediatric ICU. For physicians and nurses, comfort and confidence was significantly higher for those who had practiced 8 years or more. Practitioners reported less comfort in providing psychosocial care. Implications for the social work role on the interdisciplinary team and suggestions for future research are discussed.     

康德是如何解决"科学的形而上学如何可能"的问题的?

“科学的形而上学如何可能”这个问题是康德哲学中的一个举足轻重的问题。康德解决这个问题的基本思路是:“科学的形而上学”主要是对一切科学知识及其对象的最终根据的必然性、综合性说明;只能从“建立知识与对象的活动”中寻求知识与对象的最终根据,去建立关于一切知识及其对象的最终根据的科学——形而上学;科学知识及其对象的最终根据就是认识活动的先天形式以及作为认识活动的先天形式合理运用的最根本条件的自在之物。     

Public confidence in the U.S. Supreme Court: A new look at the impact of Court decisions

Judicial scholars have long debated the notion that Court decisions can influence the public's attitudes toward the U.S. Supreme Court. We engage this literature by introducing new dimensions to existing theory for predicting the impact of Court decisions on public confidence in the Court and by introducing innovative methods to test our hypotheses. We begin our analysis by examining the relationship between specific Court decisions and public confidence with aggregate time series data. Our analysis then shifts to an examination of individual-level survey data to examine the same hypotheses. Our results indicate that specific decisions can have a significant positive and negative impact on individual-level confidence in the Court. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our findings for the theoretical and methodological debates over the influence of Court decisions on public confidence.     

关于北京工作如何走在前列的思考

北京工作要走到全国前列,首先应当确立虚心学习的态度。在一定意义上说,虚心学习的态度说明了是否贯彻落实科学发展观的问题。只有确立虚心学习的态度,才能在新的挑战、新的考验面前,使北京工作有新动力、新起色。     

农民失地与安置失地农民

随着我国城市化、工业化进程的加快,农地征用规模与范围的扩展,农民因失地而引发的就业无着生活困难问题骤然凸现。研究和解决这些问题,努力排解失地农民的后顾之忧,已成为当前城市化进程中不容回避的棘手课题。