物流配送车辆路径规划模型的知识表示研究

针对物流配送车辆路径规划的实时动态建模问题,以解决模型的目标函数和约束等符号化知识的知识表示及基于知识的求解机制为突破口,提出了以七元组M=(B,O,C,I,P,E,D)表示车辆路径规划模型的知识表示方法--BOCIPED表示法;并以沈阳昌达集团餐饮配送公司为应用背景,设计建立了相应的车辆路径规划问题的建模与求解系统,通过系统的实际应用,验证了系统中BOCIPED表示方法的可行性与有效性.本研究为车辆路径规划这一难题提供由计算机自动生成模型并求解的新方法,有利于建立高智能的物流配送实时调度系统.     

最短路径动态规划问题及其程序设计

本文以最短路径问题为例,在给出佛洛伊德算法的基础上,设计了求解该算法的计算程序,这样可大大提高最短路径计算的效率.     

动态规划在钢材采购中的研究与应用

本文以建筑施工材料中的钢铁为例,先导出钢铁采购模式的现状,在各种方面都显示出一定的劣势,之后提出动态规划这一模式,并且研究了动态模式在钢铁采购中产生的实际效益,以及动态模式可能存在的一些不足。     

车辆路径问题的三阶段求解方法研究

针对由车辆路径问题规模的增大带采求解空间组合爆炸这一难点,从缩减解答空间入手,以节省求解时空为突破口,综合运用知识工程、模糊聚类分析、状态空间搜索理论和运筹学整数规划理论,提出一种求解车辆路径问题的三阶段求解方法.第一阶段分析物流配送过程的主要影响因素,根据相关因素对客户进行初步划分,然后采用模糊聚类分析方法将各配送区域中的客户进行细分;第二阶段采用带控制策略的深度优先搜索算法生成备选的车辆路径方案集合;第三阶段建立整数规划求解模型,并根据邻域规则将求得的解映射为实际问题中的行车方案.最后运用算例验证上述方法的有效性.     

生产管理中动态规划模型的应用

在实际生活中,特别是生产管理中,经常需要进行多个阶段的决策。本文通过生产-库存问题介绍了解决多阶段决策的方法——动态规划法,并建立了生产-库存问题的模型,得到了最优的决策序列。     

知识表示技术研究

本文研究了包括一阶谓词逻辑表示、产生式知识表示、框架表示、语义网络表示、脚本表示、过程表示、Petri网表示以及面向对象表示等知识表示方法,比较了各种表示方法的优缺点。     

机组组合优化问题的一种改进的动态规划方法

本文提出一种确定机组组合的降维半解析动态规划方法,可以与其他经济调度算法相结合,用以解决多种约束条件下的机组组合问题.该方法通过比较各时段负荷及机组参数,剔除各时段下不满足要求的组合状态,从而减少动态规划中的状态点数;根据机组的最小连续运行、停运时间限制,以及机组功率上升、下降速度的约束,剔除了状态点间的无效路径,从而减少了动态规划的路径个数,达到降维的目的;在确定机组启停状态后,再采用解析法进行机组的功率分配,可以大大提高动态规划方法的效率.     

线性回归模型变点估计的动态规划方法

本文基于动态规划的思想方法,在最小二乘准则下,给出了求解离散及连续的多变点线性回归模型中的变点及参数的估计的动态规划基本方程。     

需求变动下的物流配送干扰管理模型的知识表示与求解

针对需求变动下的物流配送干扰管理数学模型难以支持实时建模与实时求解的缺陷,通过深入分析需求变动的物流配送干扰管理问题的已知知识、建模知识与求解知识,引入人工智能和知识工程的相关知识表示理论与建模方法,建立该问题的BRGISC模型知识表示方法,将包含多种需求变动事件的物流配送干扰管理的建模与求解过程进行知识表示,并以此知识表示为基础,提出一种解决该问题的基于知识的求解方法,设计了知识库和推理规则,实现该类问题的实时建模与求解过程,并应用到中石油大连销售分公司市内配送小配送片区0#柴油的日常需求变动干扰管理中.实例运行和数据实验的结果表明,该方法能够满足对多种需求变动事件的实时响应,实时生成干扰管理决策方案.     

A Mathematical Programming Approach to Production Decisions in the Emerging Aquaculture Industry

The creation of new food sources is an important advancement in the search for solutions to food shortages in both developing and underdeveloped countries. Aquaculture, the production of aquatic animals under controlled conditions, offers exciting new possibilities for alternative protein sources in a wide variety of locales. This paper presents a mathematical programming model designed to aid the manager of an aquaculture facility in production scheduling and the evaluation of new technologies in this rapidly changing environment.     

A Model for the Transportation of Hazardous Waste*

Many decision problems, such as the transportation of hazardous waste, can be modeled by networks. However, due to the imprecise nature of much of the information decision makers have available, it is sometimes difficult to determine a best approach to the problem. To alleviate this problem, a network model that combines both precise and imprecise information is presented for the transportation of hazardous waste. The properties of the network model are investigated and solution procedures are presented.     

A Goal Programming Model for Effective Segment Determination: A Comment and Application

This note presents a model for the effective market segment determination problem. The integer goal programming model was developed for a nonprofit health care organization. The approach is an alternative application of a model presented by McClure and Wells [7]. The model includes input from the organization's clients as well as the organization's decision makers. A distinctive element is the simultaneous development of market segments and the consideration of management, institutional, and resource constraints. The purpose of the model was to aid the decision makers in determining if effective market segments exist which can be reached with information and educational materials concerning infant nutrition and breastfeeding. The model was tested and found to be effective in helping the decision makers segment their clients.     

Inventory Positioning/Partitioning for Backorders Optimization for a Class of Multi-Echelon Inventory Problems*

Inventory management has undergone significant philosophical changes in recent decades such as the advent of the zero inventory concept. However, as attractive as the concept of minimal inventories may be, it is often unrealistic in application. Attention to basic features of inventory control systems such as order quantities, base stock levels, and reorder points remain crucial to ensure customer service at minimal cost. A nonlinear optimization model for determining base stock levels in a multi-echelon inventory network is presented. Lagrangian relaxation results in (1) newsboy-style relations that provide the optimal solutions, and (2) instantaneous shadow prices for the budget constraint. Sensitivity analysis of this model will facilitate making decisions concerning the desired investment in inventory for the entire system. This model may be solved on standard nonlinear programming software and is generalizable to problems in both production and distribution settings.     

Dynamic Capability Building in Service Value Networks for Achieving Service Innovation

Service organizations increasingly create new service offerings that are the result of collaborative arrangements operating on a value network level. This leads to the notion of “elevated service offerings,” our definition of service innovation, implying new or enhanced service offerings that can only be eventuated as a result of partnering, and one that could not be delivered on individual organizational merits. Using empirical data from a large telecommunications company, we demonstrate through structural equation modeling (SEM) that higher‐order dynamic capabilities in services are generated as a result of collaboration between stakeholders. Furthermore, it is through collaboration and education of the stakeholders that additional higher‐order capabilities emerge (customer engagement [CuE], collaborative agility [CA], entrepreneurial alertness [EA], and collaborative innovative capacity), all of which influence the service innovation outcome. Our study also reveals empirical evidence for an ongoing process of continuous dynamic capability building in accordance with the changing dynamics of business. Managers of service organizations should recognize the potential embedded in these higher‐order skill sets, starting from collaboration, learning, and management of creative ideas for both strategic and operational benefits. Moreover, the capabilities of CA, EA, and CuE are even more important in managing the flexibility, timely delivery, and reliability of service offerings. Managers should take measures to inculcate, promote, and manage these dynamic capability skill sets to foster innovation in services.     

Designing optimal routing strategies for a manufacturer: A case study

A study of the vehicle transportation system for a manufacturer is presented. An algorithm based on a dynamic programming model is developed so as to find the optimal transportation arrangements referring to the composition of the vehicles as well as the routing of these vehicles. The algorithm is run under the current condition as well as under a number of different scenarios. It is shown the algorithm can solve the problem with reduced computational complexity. The findings and suggestions resulting from the study can help the department manager in reviewing current operations arrangement and determining future operations arrangements.     

品牌延伸:资产价值转移与理论模型创建

本文通过对品牌延伸(Brand Extension)的研究综述和实证研究,提出决定品牌延伸的三大因子,并在此基础上构成品牌资产价值(Brand Asset Value),进而研究其在品牌延伸过程中的价值转移,从而构成了评估品牌延伸成败的标准,最终将各种因子和评估标准进行整合,提出了品牌延伸的理论模型。     

高校知识工作者的激励模型及模糊综合评价

知识经济下,高校作为知识传授和创新的桥头堡,如何极大地激励高校知识工作者的创新潜能和科教热情,成为中国高校的一大难题。本文在几种激励理论的基础之上,提出高校知识工作者的激励模型,并对其建立了模糊综合评价模型,为制定高校知识工作者的激励政策提供有用的依据。     

A Mathematical Model of Service Failure and Recovery Strategies*

Understanding the nature of service failures and their impact on customer responses and designing cost‐effective recovery strategies have been recognized as important issues by both service researchers and practitioners. We first propose a conceptual framework of service failure and recovery strategies. We then transform it into a mathematical model to assist managers in deciding on appropriate resource allocations for outcome and process recovery strategies based on customer risk profiles and the firm's cost structures. Based on this mathematical model we derive optimal recovery strategies, conduct sensitivity analyses of the optimal solutions for different model parameters, and illustrate them through numerical examples. We conclude with a discussion of managerial implications and directions for future research.     

A Note on “An Efficient Zero-One Formulation of the Multilevel Lot-Sizing Problem”

In a recent paper, McKnew, Saydam, and Coleman [3] presented a novel zero-one integer programming formulation of the multilevel dynamic, deterministic lot-sizing problem in assembly systems. They stated that “the relaxed linear programming solution to this formulation will always be integer’ [3, p. 280] since the constraint matrix is totally unimodular. In this note, we point out that the constraint matrix is not totally unimodular and therefore the authors’claim that a linear relaxation of the zero-one integer formulation always yields an integer solution is not true.