A Critique of Human Development and the Establishment of the Study of Man as a Topic

AnawarenessofthestudyofmanhasbeenoneofthemajorphilosophicaleventsinChinasincethereform.Incontrasttothe198o'sphilosophicaldebatesonalienationandhumanism,traditionalChineseculture,thenatureofcognitionandreformofphilosophicalconceptsandsystems,inthe199osChinesephilosophersbegantoreflectonmanandonmankind'sexistence,and,asaresult,anawarenessaroseofthestudyofman-ItisnoteworthythatthestudyofmaninChinahasgonebeyondageneral,metaphysicalandpurelyintellectualapproach,andhasbeguntorevealman'sexistentiala…     

Sexual Abuse as a Moral Event

Correspondence to Kate Stewart, 8 Sellbourne Villas, St Marys Road, Bradford BD9 4NN Summary This article suggests that the moral dimension of sexual abusehas remained implicit rather than explicit. As such, it hasreceived little examination and thought with the result thatthe blunt instrument of common sense morality is applied withoutanalysis. The article examines the way in which this commonsense morality is differentially applied to the event of sexualabuse and the events of the professional system's reactionsto sexual abuse. It proposes a form of moral mapping which willhelp children and professionals disentangle and analyse themoral dimensions of sexual abuse and other events in children'slives.     

Violence Across the Lifespan: Interconnections Among Forms of Abuse as Described by Marginalized Canadian Elders and their Care-givers

Elder abuse is recognized as a major problem, with profoundeffects on the health and quality of life of older persons.In our aging population, elder abuse represents an escalatingclinical issue for social workers and health care professionalswho provide care to older people. A major gap in our examinationof elder abuse is the potential contribution and applicationof knowledge developed within research derived from other formsof family violence. This paper explores the interconnectionsamong various forms of violence across the lifespan, and theexperiences voiced by marginalized elders and their care providers.We interviewed seventy-seven rarely consulted older adults andforty-three formal and informal care-givers of older adultsin focus groups in Ontario and Alberta, Canada. Study findingsrevealed four major themes that describe interconnections amongtypes of abuse: (i) intergenerational cycles of abuse; (ii)violence across the lifespan; (iii) exposure to multiple subtypesof elder abuse; and (iv) ongoing spouse abuse that shifted intoelder abuse. The results from this study indicate that victimsoften ‘suffer in silence’ and cultural factors,ageism and gender are ubiquitous to elder abuse. Recommendationsto reduce elder abuse include education, formal and informalsupports and services.     

作为资本逻辑批判的历史唯物主义

作为对资本主义社会历史之谜解答的马克思的历史唯物主义,其实质就在于对资本逻辑这个资本主义社会的内在灵魂和最高原则的否定和批判。正是通过对资本逻辑的形而上学本质的剖析和诊断,马克思的历史唯物主义展开了对资本逻辑的意识形态幻象和现实运作的双重瓦解和批判,从而实现了对超历史的形而上学和非历史的资本主义神话的双重终结。     

作为符号存在的人

卡西尔认为,人的本质在于他不断的文化创造活动。语言、神话等各种文化符号的发展和进步正是人自身发展和进步的表现。人也只有在不断的文化创造中才能成为真正意义上的人。     

Robotic Pets in Human Lives: Implications for the Human–Animal Bond and for Human Relationships with Personified Technologies

Robotic "pets" are being marketed as social companions and are used in the emerging field of robot-assisted activities, including robot-assisted therapy (RAA). However, the limits to and potential of robotic analogues of living animals as social and therapeutic partners remain unclear. Do children and adults view robotic pets as "animal-like,""machine-like," or some combination of both? How do social behaviors differ toward a robotic versus living dog? To address these issues, we synthesized data from three studies of the robotic dog AIBO: (1) a content analysis of 6,438 Internet postings by 182 adult AIBO owners; (2) observations and interviews with 80 preschoolers during play periods with AIBO and with a stuffed dog; and (3) observations and interviews with 72 children, aged 7–15 years, who played with AIBO and a living dog. Overall, the studies revealed that "hybrid" cognitions and behaviors about AIBO emerged: the robotic dog was treated as a technological artifact that also embodied attributes of living animals, such as having mental states, being a social other, and having moral standing (although this latter finding remained difficult to interpret). Implications for use of robotic pets as companions and in interventions or therapy are explored.     

Young Men as Victims and Perpetrators of Violence in Northern Ireland: A Qualitative Analysis

This article explores issues of masculinity and violence in the lives of young men in disadvantaged areas in Northern Ireland. Qualitative data were collected in four focus groups, one group of young men from the Catholic community, one group of young men from the Protestant community, one group of community representatives, and one group of Young Offenders ( N = 28). Themes were extracted from the data using a grounded approach. Results indicate that social disadvantage is fundamental to experiences of violence and that young men understand the costs and benefits of a masculine identity that incorporates a capacity for violence. Discussion suggests that initiatives to reduce violent behavior should be compatible with socially and culturally acceptable constructions of masculinity.     

经济犯罪与死刑——权威主义刑法的仁学批判

一、国际公约的遵守联合国《旨在废除死刑的公民权利及政治权利国际公约第二项任择议定书》(1989)正式通过以来,死刑废止已经成为一种世界潮流,欧盟宪法草案(2003)在其第二部分第二条中也对其加以规定,在东亚,日本、韩国、台湾,也已经有《推动死刑废止之代替刑》议案向国会提交     

"厌人类者"加尔文——论加尔文的人性学说

加尔文的人性学说在近代西方思想史上有重要影响。加尔文首先勾勒了堕落之前人性的完美图景,但他却因此难以合理地解释堕落的发生,也不能令人信服地说明堕落之后人性何以完全败坏、在各个方面都彻底陷入罪中。加尔文对人性的猛烈贬斥使他的人性学说陷入自相矛盾之中,曲解了人性的现实,不能解释人的道德选择,并且贬损了基督教所确立的上帝的正义形象。     

Rented Housing and Market Rents: A Social Policy Critique

The private rented sector of the British housing market has been in decline since the beginning of the present century; that decline has continued apace since the end of the Second World War. A proposed solution for the stemming of this demise is the removal of present rent controls and the substitution of free market conditions so that rents find their own market levels. This, so it is argued, would enable landlords to obtain a proper return on their housing investments and lead therefore to an increase in supply and an ending to the present disinvestment from this housing sector. This article disputes this thesis. In the first place it is argued that “market rent” is a problematic concept and raises complex issues of distributive justice and social policy — which its advocates ignore. Secondly, it is argued that a free market solution is ahistorical in that it takes no account of the past failure in Britain of privately rented housing; and similarly it ignores the complex web of historical circumstances behind its decline — attributing the decline to the single causal factor of rent control. Thirdly, it is suggested that a market solution is sociologically misconceived because it ignores the characteristics and needs of those social groups dependent upon this sector. Finally, on grounds of practicability it is proposed that a free market in rented housing may be quite inappropriate for the rump of housing stock remaining in the private rented sector; and that, given the current social and economic constraints operating in the housing market as a whole, any revival of this sector is unlikely even with enhanced rental inducements. It is thus concluded that a free market solution is misconceived and would merely serve to impose an ideological straightjacket upon the provision of a basic human need.     

Violence: recent books on a not-so-recent epidemic

Violence, like the poor, may always be with us. Recent events, however, have italicized the ubiquity and importance of violence, and the difficulty of coming to terms with it. Although relatively few social scientists are experts in violence, they are often called upon to function in that capacity. Accordingly, a review of approaches to the topic seems most timely.