Measuring and Tracking Management Performance for Accountability

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话题识别与跟踪技术发展研究

话题识别与跟踪以大规模新闻流为研究对象,通过监控新闻报道描述的话题,发现新的用户感兴趣的信息并将涉及某个话题的新闻报道组织起来以某种方式呈现给用户。本文首先介绍话题识别与跟踪的主要任务、相关概念和评价方法,然后对话题识别国内外研究现状进行详细论述,最后对话题识别的发展趋势和未来的研究方向进行分析。     

如何进行追踪决策

决策是领导者以理性认识和价值认识为依据,对未来实践所作的设计和决断,也是领导者的首要责任.但是,决策从制定到实施,会不断遇到新情况和新问题,这又决定了领导者要根据决策运行情况,结合变化了的客观实际,适时调整部署,进行追踪决策,以保证工作的顺利开展.因此,正确进行追踪决策,就成为每一个领导者实施科学领导的重要因素.     

基于模型语言的技术跟踪模式及其影响因素研究

通过技术跟踪,可以了解某一技术领域的现状和发展态势,为技术战略的制定提供决策信息支持.为此,以模型语言的形式,对技术跟踪的模式进行初步探讨,提出技术跟踪的4种模式,同时对影响技术跟踪模式的因素进行分析,形成技术跟踪模式影响因素的理论模型框架,并通过案例进行了说明,以期为技术跟踪实践提供理论支撑.     

Sharp bounds of the Zagreb indices of k-trees

For a graph G, the first Zagreb index M ₁ is equal to the sum of squares of the vertex degrees, and the second Zagreb index M ₂ is equal to the sum of the products of degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices. The Zagreb indices have been the focus of considerable research in computational chemistry dating back to Gutman and Trinajsti? in 1972. In 2004, Das and Gutman determined sharp upper and lower bounds for M ₁ and M ₂ values for trees along with the unique trees that obtain the minimum and maximum M ₁ and M ₂ values respectively. In this paper, we generalize the results of Das and Gutman to the generalized tree, the k-tree, where the results of Das and Gutman are for k=1. Also by showing that maximal outerplanar graphs are 2-trees, we also extend a result of Hou, Li, Song, and Wei who determined sharp upper and lower bounds for M ₁ and M ₂ values for maximal outerplanar graphs.     

Overall labour productivity indices in a multi-product multi-stage environment

A procedure for computing productivity indices in a complex case is demonstrated. When reliable data on the internal flow of materials is not available, external flows only are taken into account, assuming standard internal material proportions. The resulting indices point to the overall productivity and may serve as indicators of areas where a more detailed analysis is called for.     

Sharp bounds for Zagreb indices of maximal outerplanar graphs

For a (molecular) graph, the first Zagreb index M ₁ is equal to the sum of squares of the vertex degrees, and the second Zagreb index M ₂ is equal to the sum of products of degrees of pairs of adjacent vertices. In this paper, we investigate the first and the second Zagreb indices of maximal outerplanar graph. We determine sharp upper and lower bounds for M ₁-, M ₂-values among the n-vertex maximal outerplanar graphs. As well we determine sharp upper and lower bounds of Zagreb indices for n-vertex outerplanar graphs (resp. maximal outerplanar graphs) with perfect matchings.     

Identifying traffic safety best practice: an application of DEA and Malmquist indices

DEA is used in this paper to investigate target achievements of the operational units of the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA) charged with traffic safety services. The DEA framework applied corresponds to a BCC model with a unique constant input, or equivalently, with no inputs. This framework is further extended to a DEA-based Malmquist index to measure productivity growth in target achievements. Finally, we use a bootstrapping method to ascertain confidence intervals for efficiency scores derived and to test hypotheses on the extent of productivity growth or regress. The mean efficiency scores by which targets are achieved across the sample years are in the range 0.81–0.93 and significant at the 5% level. Total productivity in target achievements shows progress with significance, on average at 7%. Much of the progress is attributed to technological progress. The results illustrate the usefulness of using a decomposable index for productivity measurement, and the use of bootstrapping for sensitivity tests.     

基于MVA分析的过程能力指数的置信区间研究

传统的过程能力分析假定过程存在单一变异源,在利用方差分量法估计嵌套型多变异源问题的总方差和各方差分量的基础上,给出了过程能力指数的估计方法,并推导了Cp的置信区间.案例应用表明:由于MVA方法对变异来源进行了充分分析和估计,所以能够科学合理的对过程进行评价.     

Microcomputers in large corporations

In this article, Señor Dicenta shares with the reader the experiences of his company, Finanzauto, after it had decided to micro-computerise its information processing. Although investing cautiously, and attempting to adopt a clear policy towards the use of microcomputers, there were failures as well as successes.The major lessons learned were that standardisation, centralisation and tight control are necessary. The existence of an Information Centre was recognized as being important, located in the hands of the EDP Department.Just as important is keeping the computerisation of corporate information the property of the company, not shared with persons or departments. Only then can the integrity and confidentiality of the data be protected. Again, centralisation is the key.     

基于改进型共引聚类的技术跟踪二维可视化研究

通过技术跟踪,可以了解某一技术领域的现状和发展态势,为技术战略的制定提供决策信息支持.当前,基于共引聚类分析的技术跟踪研究获得了长足的发展,但仍然存在一些问题,主要表现在数据关联的计算和聚类效率的提升上.基于此,文章从构建共引关联模型,改进系统聚类算法二个方面对共引聚类进行改进,并根据改进的共引聚类方法设计了基于多维标度模型的技术跟踪二维可视化工具.在此基础上,以公路工程领域为例,从个人、机构层面进行可视化实验,并着重对中国在此领域的技术情况进行详细的分析,以此判别技术领域的深层次结构,为技术跟踪的相关研究做一些支撑性工作.     

具有VaR约束的跟踪误差投资组合鲁棒优化模型

本文在跟踪误差投资组合优化模型基础上,考虑投资组合的风险价值VaR和收益的不确定性,建立了具有VaR约束的跟踪误差投资合鲁棒优化模型。以国内证券市场为背景,运用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法进行了实证计算,并与基准组合、跟踪误差投资组合模型和无VaR约束的跟踪误差投资组合鲁棒模型的投资结果进行了比较。实证结果表明,在给定证券集的条件下,具有VaR约束的跟踪误差投资组合鲁棒优化模型优于其它模型。     

基于非对称主动风险测度的增强型指数追踪模型及应用

本文以下方追踪误差测度非对称主动风险,构建了可以折衷超额收益和下方追踪误差的增强型指数追踪模型,给出了求解模型的广义最小角度回归(generalized least angle regression,简称GLARS)算法,并基于上证50进行了实证。GLARS算法可以给出超额收益在合理区间变化时,使得下方追踪误差最小的组合系数解路径,刻画投资组合的"超额收益—下方追踪误差"有效前沿。将模型应用于中国证券市场上证50指数,与基于"超额收益—追踪误差"的增强型指数追踪模型相比,得到如下实证结论:控制组合股票支数,本文组合的超额收益、单位风险收益更高,在承担相同风险的情况下,得到了更高的平均收益补偿;正下方离差中位数、最大回撤更小,右偏程度更高,表现出"守住下限,放开上限"的特质。本文组合在稀疏性要求下,样本外可以获得高于基准指数的累积收益,对机构和个人投资者具有参考价值,丰富了现有指数追踪研究。     

How large and small firms can grow together

Recent research into the trading relationship between small and large firms reveals the extent and nature of the dependence of small firms on their large customers. The consequences of dependence for the birth and growth of small firms, and hence for public policy, are described within the context of the small firm as an ‘independent’ economic unit. One such consequence is that the procurement policies and practices of large firms can act as a barrier to entry and a constraint on the growth of new small firms. Although dependence imposes costs on the small firm, collaboration between large buyers and small sellers confers substantial benefits on the latter, particularly at entry and in the early stages at growth.     

The effect of skewness on estimates of some process capability indices

The use of process capability indices, which are statistical measures of process capability, is based on several assumptions. For instance, the process monitored is supposed to be stable and the process output should be approximately normally distributed. These assumptions are not always fulfilled in practice. This article focuses on the problem when the process monitored has an output which is non-normally distributed. After presenting a short literature review on research concerning process capability indices and non-normal distributions, the effect of skewness on estimates of process capability indices is studied using a simulation study based on lognormally distributed process outputs. It is found that the effect of skewness is relatively systematic. From the study it is clear that the effect of skewness on estimates of process capability indices is so severe that it has to be considered when studying the capability of a process. Otherwise, erroneous decisions might be made when improving the process studied. It is suggested that further research, for instance, focusing on correction-factors to use when the process output has different skew shapes might be meaningful. However, research focusing on totally new ways of estimating process capability is primarily encouraged.     

指数跟踪组合复制方法的实证研究

对指数跟踪组合复制方法进行选择是指数基金管理中的一个重要问题。为此从系统风险控制的角度构造优化跟踪组合,比较了分层抽样复制法、完全复制法和优化复制法构造的指数基金的实际跟踪效果。实证结果表明,完全复制法的跟踪精度最好,优化复制法的跟踪精度最差;而优化复制法的收益率和累计收益率最大,完全复制法的收益率和累计收益率最小。此外,不论采用何种复制方法,在3种跟踪误差度量方法中,线性跟踪误差度量方法确定的跟踪误差最小。