基于公务员考试热调查的中国公务员考试录用制度改革

近年来,随着中国高等教育管理体制和公务员制度改革的推进,报考公务员的大学生人数与日倍增,公共职位的职场魅力光芒四射。"公考热"是一把双刃剑,正面效应和负面效应并存。在推进中国特色社会主义政治体制改革过程中,理性反思"公考热",据此探讨中国公务员考试录用制度改革方向,无疑具有十分重要的现实意义。中国公务员考试录用制度尚面临一些困境,如报考资格条件尚存歧视;方法与形式单一,考试内容不完善;评分标准设定困难,成绩核算体系不健全;监督机制亟待健全;管理权限过于集中;人才队伍建设滞后等。新形势下,有必要坚持公开、平等、竞争、择优的原则,推动中国公务员考试录用制度改革。     

中西方公务员制度改革趋势的差异性分析

中国公务员制度是在借鉴西方国际公务员制度的基础上发展起来的。西方国家的公务员制度改革呈现出以下趋势:比如打破职位常任、下放管理权限、改革评价体制和工资制度、扩大交流等。中国公务员制度虽然建立的时间不久,但经过近年来的改革,尤其是《公务员法》的实施,也可以归纳出其基本走势,如强调管理的统一性、改革工资构成等。通过比较中西方公务员制度,尤其是改革趋势,从而寻找出中国公务员制度改革的路径。     

公务员迎来辞职潮？——公务员辞职成群

每个个体都在努力追求着自己的未来,离职、跳槽、加薪不停在上演,看似平常的信息,却在撞上“公务员”三个字后即刻成为头条。于是,新媒体火眼金睛,公务员叫苦不迭,老百姓苛责不断。新闻一条接一条破壳而出。     

南宁市公务员培训市场化探析

当前南宁市公务员培训存在培训经费投入大、培训效果不理想和培训效果难评估等问题。为此,需要通过培训市场化来提高培训绩效。为了促进公务员培训市场化进程,政府需要制定培训市场行业标准和准入制度,需要建立公务员培训质量保证体系,培训评估体系和培训机构网络,来加快和保障培训项目的市场化。     

公务员绩效考核的几个关键问题

公务员绩效考核不仅关乎公务员的有效管理,还影响政府形象和行政效率。由于准确性和可操作性不强,在当前的公务员绩效考核中,普遍存在"走形式"的现象。应从实行差异化绩效考核、设计科学的绩效考核指标体系、让服务对象参与考核、考核结果与公务员的利益挂钩等几个关键方面入手,提高公务员绩效考核的效果。     

当下公务员的迷惑和彷徨

改革之所向,是为了建立更加公平的社会。“死在编制里”的执着,放置在权力改革的背景之下,倒显得有些执迷不悟。     

责任政府及其公务员职责

"主权在民"思想和代议民主制的产生促进了责任政府的产生。在责任政府建立过程中,各国逐步确立起政府及其公务员对人民承担责任的责任体系。责任政府中公务员的职责应包括作为善良管理人所应具有的两大方面,即要履行注意和忠诚的义务。     

在美国当公务员

何奇恩的生活是平淡的,也是幸福的。     

完善公务员退出机制刍议

基于传统的官本位思想、社会保障制度的不健全、监督考核执行不力和公务员再就业制度的缺陷,我国公务员退出机制面临诸多难题,严重阻碍公务员群体的吐故纳新和新陈代谢功能。本文将主要从公务员退出机制的角度切入,由公务员人力资源战略规划、加强监督与问责、完善公务员公仆文化、促进公务员再就业制度建设等角度展开讨论。     

公务员公共服务能力建设问题探析

公共服务能力可从公共责任能力、群众工作能力、自我管理能力、现代行政能力、成本控制能力五个方面进行解析建构。通过对当前公务员公共服务能力存在的主要问题及成因探析,进而探讨提升其能力的有效路径。构建合理的公务员公共服务能力体系,加强公务员公共服务能力培训与锻炼,健全公务员公共服务能力考核评估是三个重要环节。     

In the Eye of the Storm: Civil Servants and Managers in the UK Department of Health

In the wake of the 2008 financial crisis, the UK government faces some tough choices over public expenditure, and these choices will have important implications for both the future of health policy and the way in which health services are managed. In this article, we examine the organization and leadership of the UK Department of Health and weigh its suitability to meet such challenges. We find an organization that is culturally split between public servants and managers, highly reliant on the ability of its key personnel to bridge these divides, and extremely responsive to the political goals of government ministers. We explore the modern DH using three types of evidence. First, the history of the department shows clear political efforts to reduce civil service discretion and focus the DH on the management of the English NHS. Second, the recent organizational structures of the DH show a bifurcation between policy direction and NHS management tasks. Third, an analysis of the top ranks of the department since 2005 shows the implementation of political preferences that are consistent with managerialism but inconsistent with the perceived characteristics of traditional civil servants. The result is a department which has changed just as frequently as the health service it oversees – a department which has been moulded by successive ministers into one for the management of the NHS. Our findings raise important questions about the value and purpose of long‐term organizational knowledge in policy formulation.     

Support for torture over time: Interrogating the American public about coercive tactics

In this study, we examine what influences public attitudes toward torture and whether the public's attitude affects or is affected by shifts in presidential policy on torture. We employed ten surveys over five years that looked at approval of torture, as well as two surveys that asked questions about specific methods. We find that public support for torture has risen mildly, but a resilient ambivalence best describes the public's attitude. The public was not affected by the change in government from an administration that strongly supported enhanced interrogation techniques to one that opposed them, and labeled them torture. Public opinion also seemed unaffected by the increased criticism of torture generally. Large majorities oppose most specific methods of interrogation, while at times a majority supports torture in general. We also find support for torture and specific methods is affected most strongly by partisanship and ideology.     

简析农民工子女不良舆情及其调适

随着社会经济的发展,农民工数量不断增加,农民工子女已经成为一个引起广泛关注的社会群体。关注农民工子女的舆情,是维护社会稳定、促进社会和谐和可持续发展的需要。农民工子女的不良舆情表现为：自我封闭、极度自卑、心理失衡、逆反与不满和反社会人格等。如何从制度、环境和自身等方面加强对农民工子女不良舆情的调适是我们应该思考的重要问题。     

浅析社区残疾人公共服务体系的建构与发展

本文分析了社区残疾人公共服务的概念、特点、内容,并提出了残疾人社区公共服务的组织框架。指出社区残疾人公共服务体系是指政府及其公共部门运用公共权力,通过社区这一平台,通过灵活运用多种机制和方式,根据残疾人的需求为残疾人提供服务的过程。而目前我国的社区残疾人公共服务体系应当是一个以街道、乡镇政府为责任主体、以居（村）委会以及基层残疾人组织为依托和实施主体,以商业性服务为补充的社会公共服务体系。     

城市社区服务体系：适度“普惠型”社会福利的实现路径

本文在对＂普惠型＂社会福利进行理论分析的基础上,指出中国社会福利模式变迁的必然。提出城市社区服务与适度＂普惠型＂社会福利具有服务目标的一致性,服务内容对象的契合性以及实践途径的融合性特点,进而从操作性层面提出依托城市社区服务体系实现适度普惠社会福利的策略。     

论公民道德教育的层次性

当前 ,开展公民道德教育 ,推行《公民道德建设实施纲要》的关键是要落实与加强公民道德教育的层次性。我国现阶段出现道德失范现象的主要原因就是道德教育层次性的不力 ,甚至缺失。因此 ,应从道德教育目标层次、内容层次、方法层次等角度入手 ,以求道德教育取得显著效果 ,使《公民道德建设实施纲要》得到切实贯彻落实     

晚清科举中的矛盾现象及分析——谈科举考试的社会功能

1905年,中国历史上延续了1300年的科举制度被废除。一百多年来,对于科举制度的研究中,西方学者以置身事外的身份和历史社会学的眼光看得更为深刻和系统。近年来,重新认识科举的呼声在壮大。本文将科举制度与晚清的社会结构相联系,着重阐述清代社会危机下的科举制度所呈现出的矛盾现象,并以此为分析对象,探讨清代社会结构的变动及科举制度在这种变动之中体现出的社会功能,即在18世纪和19世纪的中国,由人口增长所引发的社会危机中,科举制度的存在成为缓和与转嫁这种危机的关键,发挥了强劲的社会调和的功能,进而使中国社会的稳定得到维持。     

浅析机构养老在养老保障体系中的作用

养老是一个连续、动态、综合的过程,养老机构的存在是社会发展的必然,机构养老是养老保障体系的重要组成部分,继续协调发展机构养老具有重要的意义。     

我国法定离婚理由的社会性别分析

法定离婚理由是当事人请求国家审判机关作出离婚判决的法律依据,是离婚法律制度的重要内容之一。从历史角度进行考察,我国法定离婚理由的发展经历了漫长而曲折的过程;从社会性别视角进行审视,法定离婚理由的演进表现为从男性专权到男女平权的轨迹;从立法内容上看,我国现行《婚姻法》中已经明确规定法定离婚理由平等适用于男女两性;从法律适用上分析,我国法定离婚理由在司法实践中仍存在一定的性别差异。因此,我国法定离婚理由应根据时代发展的需要相应地增加列举内容,以增强司法实践中的可操作性,同时还应注意对司法人员社会性别意识进行培养,从而推进性别平等的法律进程,并最终实现促进社会和谐发展的立法目的。     

The role of informal caregivers in the well‐being of orphans in Botswana: a literature review

With the orphan population escalating, communities continue to rely on relatives to provide care to orphans. Therefore, there is a need to explore the role of caregivers with regard to the well‐being of orphans, the challenges they face, as well as how they could be empowered to be more responsive to children's needs. The paper acknowledges that informal caregivers play an important role in the lives of orphans. The paper also concedes that, in the process, caregivers are faced with challenges which make it difficult for them to fulfil their responsibilities and roles. As a result, they sometimes act as sources of stress to orphans, which eventually complicate the children's adjustment to the loss of their parents. Lastly, the paper paves the way to ensuring that challenges faced by informal caregivers are addressed in a manner that will make them more supportive to orphans.