BOOK REVIEWS

Books Reviewed in this Article: THE SOCIOLOGY OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS by V. L. Allen, Longman, 1971, viii + 282 pp., £1.75. TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE: THE UNITED STATES & BRITAIN IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY, edited by S. B. Saul, Methuen, Debates in Economic History, 1970, viii + 198 pp., 90p. LABOUR PROBLEMS OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE by L. C. Hunter, C. L. Reid and D. Boddy, Allen & Unwin, University of Glasgow Social & Economic Studies, No. 18, 1970, 363 pp., £4.00. STARVATION OR PLENTY? by Colin Clark, Seeker and Warburg, 1970, vii + 180 pp., £1.50. INSTALMENT CREDIT, edited by A. L. Diamond, Stevens & Sons, British Institute Studies in International and Comparative Law, No. 4, 1970, xxiii + 174 pp., £4.40. THE FABLE OF THE BEES by Bernard Mandeville, Penguin, Pelican Classics Edition, 1970, edited by P. Harth, 416 pp., 40p. RURAL DEVELOPMENT AND THE CHANGING COUNTRIES OF THE WORLD by Peter Manniche et al, Pergamon, 1969, 525 pp., £5.00. CRIME AND DELINQUENCY IN BRITAIN, edited by W. G. Carson & P. Wiles, Martin Robertson & Co., 1971, 258 pp., £2.50, paper £1.15. CRIME: AN ANALYTICAL APPRAISAL by Manuel López-Rey, Routledge & Kegan Paul, International Library of Sociology & Social Reconstruction, 1970, xiv + 277 pp. £2.75. GOVERNING ELITES: STUDIES IN TRAINING AND SELECTION, edited by Rupert Wilkinson, Oxford University Press, 1969, xviii + 231 pp., £3.00. TOWARDS A SOCIOLOGY OF MASS COMMUNICATIONS by Denis McQuail, Collier-Macmillan, 1969, vi + 122 pp., £1.50, paper 80p. THE SOCIOLOGY OF PROGRESS by L. Sklair, Routledge and Kegan Paul, International Library of Sociology & Social Reconstruction, 1970, xvi + 272 pp., £3.25 COMMUNITY ACTION, edited by Anne Lapping, Fabian Society, Tract No. 400, 1970, 44 pp., 30p. DEMOCRACY AND COMMUNITY: A STUDY OF POLITICS IN SHEFFIELD by W. Hampton, Oxford University Press, 1970, xxv + 349 pp., £4.00. POLITICAL EDUCATION IN A DEMOCRACY by Harold Entwistle, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1971, Students Library of Education Series, viii + 136 pp., £1.50p.     

Characteristics of chinese‐american children with problems∗

Theories of Social Casework. Edited by Robert W. Roberts and Robert H. Nee. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. 1970.

Identifying Suicide Potential. Edited by Dorothy B. Anderson and Lenora J. McLean. New York: Behavioral Publications, Inc., 1971.

Psychological Functioning of Older People (Third Edition). Edited by Helen Turner Burr. Springfield, Illinois: Charles C. Thomas, 1971.

Social Casework. Edited by Herbert Strean. Metuchen, N.J.: The Scarecrow Press, 1971.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books Reviewed in this Article: THE ADMINISTRATION OF HEALTH AND WELFARE SERVICES by B. Scammels, Manchester University Press, 1971, 124 pp., £1.80. VARIATIONS IN SERVICES FOR THE AGED by Bleddyn P. Davies, Andrew J. Barton, Ian S. McMillan and Valerie Williamson. Occasional Papers in Social Administration, Bell, 1971, 164 pp. (including diagrams), £1.70. HELPING THE AGED by E. Matilda Goldberg, Allen & Unwin, 1971, 216 pp. £3.25 cloth, £1.50 paper. SURVIVAL OF THE UN FITTEST by Bernard Isaacs, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972, 170 pp., £2.50. THE PROCESS OF BECOMING ILL by David Robinson, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971, 131 pp., £2.10 THE BRITISH OMBUDSMAN by Frank Stacey, Oxford University Press, 1971, viii + 349 pp., £4.00. STYLE IN ADMINISTRATION: READINGS IN BRITISH PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION edited by R. A. Chapman and A. Dunsire, Allen & Unwin for Royal Institute of Public Administration, 1971, 496 pp., £4.95 hardback, £2.95 paper. LOCAL GOVERNMENT by R. J. Buxton, Penguin, Law and Society Series, 1970, 287 pp., 18s. NEW REVENUES FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT by A. H. Marshall, Fabian Research Series, No. 295, 1971, 27 pp., 25p. ITALY CHOOSES EUROPE by F. Roy Willis, Oxford University Press, New York, £3.90 hardback, £1.40 paper. NTRODUCING SOCIOLOGY by Peter Worsley and others, Penguin Education, 970, 416 pp., 75p. MODERN SOCIOLOGY: INTRODUCTOR Y READINGS edited by Peter Worsley and others, Penguin Education, 1970, 511 pp., 75p. SOCIOLOGY: SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND CHANGE by Bernard S. Phillips, Collier-Macmillan Ltd., 1969, xvi + 432 pp., £2.25. THE SOCIOLOGY OF THE FAMILY edited by Michael Anderson, Penguin Education, 1971, 352 pp., 50p. PEASANTS AND PEASANT SOCIETIES edited by Teodor Shainin, Penguin Education, 1971, 448 pp., 50p. FUNCTIONALISM, EXCHANGE AND THEORETICAL STRATEGY by M. J. Mulkay, Routledge and Kegan Paul, International Library of Sociology and Social Reconstruction, 1971, ix + 260 pp., £2.70. SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CRIME AND DELINQUENCY by Michael Phillipson, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971, 184 pp., £1.60. THE SOCIAL IMPACT OF MODERN BIOLOGY edited by Watson Fuller, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971, £1.00. TECHNOLOGY TODA Y edited by Edward de Bono, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971, 144 pp., £1.75. THE EVANGELISTIC BUREAUCRAT by John Gower Davies, Tavistock Publications, 1972, 239 pp., £3.00. DICTIONAR Y OF SOCIAL SERVICES: POLICY AND PRACTICE by Joan Clegg, Bedford Square Press, 1972, 126 pp., 90p. EXPLORATION INTO CHILD CARE by Peter Boss, Routledge and Kegan Paul, Library of Social Policy and Administration, 1971, viii + 116 pp., $1.50. A PLACE LIKE HOME: A PIONEER HOSTEL FOR BOYS by W. David Wills, Allen & Unwin, 1970, 136 pp., £1.75. YOUNG PEOPLE AND LEISURE by John Leigh, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971, £2.50. HOUSING: THE SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC ELEMENTS by Wallace F. Smith, University of California Press, Berkeley & Los Angeles, 1970, xiv + 511 pp. AN EQUAL CHANCE by D. Birley and A. Dufton, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971. 211 pp., £2.50 THE WORKER AND THE LAW 2nd ed., by K. W. Wedderburn, Penguin, 1971, 587 pp., paper, 75p. FAMILY LAW by Margaret Puxton, Penguin, 1971, 60p. CRIMES, COURTS AND FIGURES—AN INTRODUCTION TO CRIMINAL STATISTICS by Nigel Walker, Penguin Education (Law and Society), 1971, 160 pp., 60p. MANAGEMENT AND UNIONS—THE THEORY AND REFORM OF INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS by Allan Flanders, Faber and Faber, 1970, 317 pp., £3.50. MEASURE FOR MEASURE—REFORMING THE TRADE UNIONS by Stephen Fay, Chatto & Windus, Charles Knight, 1970, vii + 131 pp., £1.25 hardback, 50p paper. WORKERS' PARTICIPATION IN MANAGEMENT—EXPECTATIONS AND EXPERIENCE by J. Y. Tabb & A. Goldfarb, Pergamon, 1970, xv + 302 pp. THE EMPLOYMENT OF YOUNG WORKERS by Nancy B. Keene, Batsford, Modern Management Series, 1969. COMMUNICATION IN AN EXPANDING ORGANISATION by Eric Moonman, Tavistock Publications, 1970, vii + 182 pp., £1.80.     

A note on uncertainty and discounting in models of economic growth

The implications of uncertainty for appropriate discounting in models of economic growth have been studied at some length, notably, (Review of Economic Studies, 36:153–163; 1969) and (Journal of Public Economics, 85:149–166; 2002). A detailed account has now appeared in Journal of Risk and Uncertainty, 37:141–169; 2008, sections 4 and 5 (pp. 160–166). One interesting, if perhaps minor, aspect is that under certain circumstances, there appeared to be no solution or at least no satisfactory one. More importantly, the formulas are usually given for the log normal case and are somewhat complicated and hard to interpret intuitively. I show here that assuming a general distribution for returns to capital gives simpler and more understandable results.      

What accounts for China''s trade balance dynamics?

This paper proposes a structural VAR model which extends the frameworks of Hoffmaister and Roldós [Hoffmaister, A. W., & Roldós, J. E. (2001). The sources of macroeconomic fluctuations in developing countries: Brazil and Korea. Journal of Macroeconomics, 23, 213–239] and Prasad [Prasad, E. S. (1999). International trade and the business cycle. Economic Journal, 109, 588–606]. The model is then used to analyse the sources of China's trade balance fluctuations in the period of 1985–2000. Efforts are made to distinguish the forces which underlie the long-run trend in trade balance from those with transitory impacts. The effects of four types of shock are examined—the foreign supply shock, the domestic supply shock, the relative demand shock and the nominal shock. Among other findings, two emerge as important. First, the movements in China's trade balance are largely the result of real shocks. Second, the Renminbi is undervalued, yet changes in the exchange rate bear little on the trade balance. Therefore, monetary measures would not suffice to redress China's trade ‘imbalance’.     

Legal families and environmental protection: Is there a causal relationship?

In this paper we build on the analysis of La Porta et al. [La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1998). Law and finance. Journal of Political Economy, 106(6), 1113–1155], to investigate the importance of legal families in explaining the dissimilar levels of environmental quality indicators among countries with different legal systems. The main intuition behind our analysis is that the nations in which the rights of shareholders are more protected promote real and financial investment; this increases the speed at which the per capita income corresponding to the declining branch of the Environmental Kutznets Curve (EKC) is achieved. In econometrics different regressions analyses were performed, using as dependent variables three different kinds of pollutants (CO₂, fine suspended particulates and waste), and including as an explanation some financial variables never before considered in this kind of study.     

Gender role attitudes and attitudes to abortion: Are there gender differences?

This study examines gender differences in gender role attitudes and attitudes to abortion in a sample of 141 undergraduate students. Religion and religiosity were treated as covariates. Using the short version of Spence and Helmreich's (1978) Attitudes to Women Scale (AWS) taken from Spence and Hahn [Spence, J. T., & Hahn, E. D. (1997). The Attitudes Toward Women Scale and attitude to change in college students. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21, 17–34] and the abortion attitudes scale developed by Stets and Leik [Stets, J. E., & Leik, R. K. (1993). Attitudes about abortion and varying attitude structures. Social Science Research, 22, 265–282], we found that females have more liberal attitudes to women and show stronger approval for women's autonomy in abortion decision-making. Given the low internal consistency of this three-item subscale, responses to the individual items were analyzed. More males than females feel that the father should have the right to prevent the mother from having an abortion. Most of the students indicate that the woman should have to tell the father before having an abortion and most disagree that the abortion is entirely a woman's decision. There were no gender differences on the moral acceptability and availability subscales. The overall results reflect somewhat conservative attitudes to women, and seemingly contradictory findings on the abortion issue in this sample of university students. Although they endorse the availability of abortion, at the same time they find it morally unacceptable and show weak support for women's autonomy in this decision. The implications of these findings for the advancement of women's rights in this country are discussed.     

Collecting text messages from college students: Evaluating a novel methodology

Social interaction, particularly in older adolescents, increasingly involves computer‐mediated communication. Although studies of public computer‐mediated communication are increasingly common, studies of private text messaging remain rare. As approaches for obtaining such data evolve with technological advances, developmental scientists need designs in which to use such approaches that reduce sampling biases in both participants and text messages. In this study (n = 854; 46% male; 22% African American, 60% European American), we examined selection biases in the participant sample (i.e., factors associated with actual participation), procedural biases in the participant sample (i.e., factors related to failed data capture due to technological or procedural issues), and selection biases in the sample of text messages (i.e., based on self‐reported reasons for texting). Findings from our study suggest that studying human interaction directly through analysis of text message data is not only feasible, but also may be successfully undertaken with minimal biases regarding sample selection and text message selection among those who are engaged in research and engaged in text messaging outside of the study context. However, biases may occur depending on the type of platform (iPhone vs. Android) used by participants for texting.     

The effects of free trade areas on non-members: Modelling Kemp–Vanek admissibility

A multi-sector multi-country Numerical General Equilibrium model is used to endogenously determine the trade taxes that FTA members need to charge on non-member trade so that after the FTA is formed, FTA-member trade volumes with non-members remain at their pre-FTA level. We apply the notion of Kemp–Vanek admissibility in McMillan [McMillan, J. (1993), Does regional integration foster open trade? Economic theory and GATT's Article XXIV” In Anderson, K. & R. Blackhurst (Eds.), Regional Integration and the Global Trading System. London: Harvester-Wheatsheaf] to construct an FTA which does not make non-members of the FTA worse off, ensuring that the FTA is necessarily a building block and not a stumbling block to global free trade. We implement the path-independent welfare decomposition in Harrison et al. [Harrison, G., Rutherford, T. & Wooton, I. (1993). An alternative welfare decomposition for customs unions. Canadian Journal of Economics, 26(4), 961–68]. Results of such experiments are relevant to the current debate under the WTO's Doha Round of trade negotiations over GATT (1994) Article XXIV which evaluates the consistency of FTAs with the WTO.     

Trends in Domestic and International Social Work Research: A 10-Year Review of American Research Journals

ABSTRACT

This article presents a typology of international social work research and analyzes trends over a 10-year period (1995–2004) based on reviews of 707 articles from three major American social work research journals: Social Work Research, Journal of Social Service Research, and Research on Social Work Practice. The analysis revealed there was a considerable increase (3.5%) in the total amount of research articles, particularly a higher increase in international social work research (2.8%) than national social work research (0.8%). A small decline was detected in transnational comparative research (?0.4%).     

Social investment agenda setting: A personal note

This article reconstructs how, under the umbrella of the Europea Union (EU), discreet opportunities for EU social policy agenda setting opened for academic expertise from the late 1990s to the 2020s. This began with the Dutch presidency of the EU in the first half of 1997, endorsing the notion of ‘social policy as a productive factor’, followed by the 2000 Lisbon strategy for Growth and Social Cohesion in the open economy. The social investment landmark publication was Why We Need a New Welfare State, written by Gøsta Esping-Andersen et al., for the Belgian presidency of 2001. Ultimately, cumulative academic insights and feedback from country-specific reform experiences found their synthesis in the Social Investment Package in 2013. EU political codification of social investment took effect with the adoption of the European Pillar of Social Rights in December 2017. The paper concludes on the future for social investment with some personal reflections as an engaged scholar.     

Unemployment, Wage Pressure and Sectoral Shifts: Permanent and Temporary Consequences of Intersectoral Shocks

The main purpose of this study is to examine the effect of allocative disturbances using Italian labour market data and a VECM (vector error correction model). In order to measure sectoral shifts in labour demand, we use Neumann-Topel's [Neumann, G.R., & Topel, R.H. (1991). Employment risk, diversification, and unemployment. Quarterly Journal of Economics 106:1341–1365] employment-based dispersion index. In searching for a restricted cointegration space, we set down, and identify a stylized version of the battle of the mark-ups model. Lilien [Lilien, D. (1982). Sectoral shifts and cyclical unemployment. Journal of Political Economy 90:777–793] argued that an important part of cyclical unemployment comes from permanent shifts in the composition of labour demand. Our findings emphasize that an important source of the persistence of unemployment comes from sectoral shifts.     

Making of a Social Work Journal

Dr. S. Vasoo, Associate Professorial Fellow of the Department of Social Work of the National University of Singapore and a key founder of the Asia Pacific Journal of Social Work, stepped down from being its Editor-in-Chief in July 2007, after providing 16 years of leadership to the Journal. On this occasion, an interview was conducted with him on “Making of a Social Work Journal” by Dr. Murli Desai, the Managing Editor of the Journal on October 9, 2007.     

Strategic games with security and potential level players

This paper examines the existence of strategic solutions to finite normal form games under the assumption that strategy choices can be described as choices among lotteries where players have security- and potential level preferences over lotteries (e.g., Cohen, Theory and Decision, 33, 101–104, 1992, Gilboa, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, 32, 405–420, 1988, Jaffray, Theory and Decision, 24, 169–200, 1988). Since security- and potential level preferences require discontinuous utility representations, standard existence results for Nash equilibria in mixed strategies (Nash, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 36, 48–49, 1950a, Non-Cooperative Games, Ph.D. Dissertation, Princeton University Press, 1950b) or for equilibria in beliefs (Crawford, Journal of Economic Theory, 50, 127–154, 1990) do not apply. As a key insight this paper proves that non-existence of equilibria in beliefs, and therefore non-existence of Nash equilibria in mixed strategies, is possible in finite games with security- and potential level players. But, as this paper also shows, rationalizable strategies (Bernheim, Econometrica, 52, 1007–1028, 1984, Moulin, Mathematical Social Sciences, 7, 83–102, 1984, Pearce, Econometrica, 52, 1029–1050, 1984) exist for such games. Rationalizability rather than equilibrium in beliefs therefore appears to be a more favorable solution concept for games with security- and potential level players.      

Does multicultural education affect bachelor of social work students' attitudes? The Taiwanese case of female Southeast Asian marriage immigration

In the past two decades, intra‐Asia cross‐border marriage immigration has become a significant phenomenon. This study collected questionnaire data from Bachelor of Social Work students (n = 1,232) in Taiwan to explore the influences of multicultural education, intergroup contact experience, and demographic characteristics on students' attitudes toward female Southeast Asian marriage migrants. Regression analysis revealed that students' attitudes are improved by direct contact with female Southeast Asian marriage migrants but are not correlated with students' demographic characteristics. Although pre‐college multicultural education improves students' attitudes, college‐level multicultural education adversely affects the attitudes of students who perform poorly in multicultural courses. These findings have valuable implications for social work educators.     

How Many Balance Functions Does it Take to Determine a Utility Function?

Call b your balance function at wealth W if you are indifferent between W and a 50–50 lottery with outcomes x and b(x). Given one b, u is arbitrary on one side of W but then determined on the other. Given two b‘s, u is arbitrary between the two W′ s but then determined elsewhere. Additional properties of u restrict the b’s but do not ordinarily make u unique. Contradictions can occur. Given three b′ s, an algorithm is developed using minimal domains of definition that determines the relative utility of the W’s. If it is irrational, then the set S generated by applying all combinations of b’s to W′ s is dense and u is determined. If finitely many b’s are rationally related, then S is discrete, a further algorithm determines it, the values of u on S are equally spaced, and u is arbitrary between any two adjacent points of S but then determined elsewhere. Infinitely many balance functions determine u unless they are rationally related in a uniform way.JEL Classification: D81     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books Reviewed in this Article: THE LONG DEBATE ON POVERTY by R. M. Hartwell et al, IEA, 1973, xvi + 243 pp., £2.50. FAMILY POVERTY David Bull (ed.), Gerald Duckworth & Co., Ltd., 1971, 216pp., £1.25. POVERTY by Dudley Jackson, Macmillan, 1972, 93 pp., 75 p. DRUG MISUSE AND THE LAW by S. Bradshaw, MacMillan 1972, 87 pp., 95p. RACE AND LAW by Anthony Lester and Geoffrey Bindman, Penguin Education: Law and Society, 1972, 491 pp., £1.00 (UK). THE ENGLISH PRISON OFFICER SINCE 1850: A STUDY IN CONFLICT by J. E. Thomas, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972, 242 pp., £3.00. WORKERS' ATTITUDES AND TECHNOLOGY by Dorothy Wedderburn and Rosemary Crompton: Cambridge Papers in Sociology, Cambridge University Press, 1972, 176 pp., £3.50 cloth, £1.40 paper. INTERACTION RITUAL by Erving Goffman, Penguin University Books, 1972, 270 pp., £1.00. SIX APPROACHES TO THE PERSON, Edited by Ralph Ruddock, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972, xii + 212 pp., £3.50. MOTHERLESS FAMILIES by Victor George and Paul Wilding, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972, 232 pp., £3.50. UNEMPLOYMENT AND POLITICS, A Study in English Social Policy 1886–1914 by José Harris, Oxford at the Clarendon Press, 1972, 411 pp., £7.50. LAISSEZ-FAIRE AND STATE INTERVENTION IN NINETEENTH-CENTURY BRITAIN (Studies in economic history) by Arthur J. Taylor, Macmillan, 1972, 80 pp., 50 p. PLANNING AND EDUCATION by Derek Birley, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972, viii + 152 pp., £2.25. THE ADMINISTRATION OF EDUCATION IN BRITAIN by Bernard Lawrence, Batsford, 1972, 213 pp., £2.00. THE MACHINERY OF JUSTICE IN ENGLAND by R. M. Jackson, Cambridge at the University Press, 1972, xv + 590 pp., £5.90. THE DIALECTICS OF SOCIAL LIFE: ALARMS AND EXCURSIONS IN ANTHROPOLOGICAL THEORY by Robert F. Murphy, Allen & Unwin, 1972, x + 261 pp., £3.50. VARIATIONS IN CHILDREN'S SERVICES AMONG BRITISH URBAN AUTHORITIES by Bleddyn Davies, Andrew Barton and Ian McMillan, Bell, London 1972, 159 pp., £2.00. GUIDANCE SELECTION AND TRAINING: IDEAS AND APPLICATION by Peter C. Morea, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1972, xviii + 362 pp., £5.00. THE SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF MODERN BRITAIN by E. A. Johns, Pergamon, 1972, 203 pp., Hard Cover £1.80, Flexi Cover £1.25. IMAGINATION AND PRECISION IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES: ESSAYS IN MEMORY OF PETER NETTL by T. J. Nossiter, A. H. Hanson and Stein Rokkan (eds.), Faber & Faber, 1972, 464 pp., £6.00. STATUS PASSAGE by Barney G. Glaser and Anselm L. Strauss, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1971, 205 pp., £3.25. BEYOND THE AUTOMOBILE by Tarbor R. Stone, Prentice-Hall Inc., 1972, x + 148 pp., £3.00. DISCOVERING SOCIOLOGY— Studies in Sociological Theory and Method by John Rex, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973, 278 pp., £3.75. RACE, COLONIALISM AND THE CITY by John Rex, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1973, 310 pp., £3.95.     

The mutual determination of wants and benefits

The degree to which I want something often affects the amount of pleasure or other benefit it will bring me if I get it. This, in turn, should affect the degree to which I want it. In theJournal of Philosophy,89 (1992) 10–29, Anna Kusser and Wolfgang Spohn argue that decision theory cannot cope with this mutual determination of wants and benefits. This paper argues, to the contrary, that decision theory can cope with it easily.     

Do Public Officials Trust Citizens? A Welfare State Perspective

In this exploratory study, we investigate whether public sector officials and non‐public sector officials differ in the trust they have in members of society and whether this difference is associated with the welfare regime in which they work. Using survey data from the sixth round of the European Social Survey, we compare public sector officials' trust to that of non‐public sector officials in 13 countries with four different forms of welfare regimes. Our results demonstrate that public officials have a higher level of trust than non‐public officials do. Furthermore, trust among both public and non‐public sector officials is much higher in social‐democratic regimes, followed by corporatist countries, liberal regimes, Israel (as a unique case) and, lastly, southern European regimes. As expected, public officials' degree of trust reflects the general trends of their societies. Interestingly, in social‐democratic regimes, differences between trust among public and non‐public officials are the highest compared to the other regimes. In addition, an individual‐level analysis in five countries illustrative of each welfare regime indicates that while income, belonging to a minority group, and age are significant factors in explaining public officials' trust, socio‐demographic variables contribute little to the differences between public and non‐public officials. Given the critical role of trust in the functioning of the welfare state, our results imply that further awareness and mechanisms for increasing the degree of trust of citizens among public officials are warranted.     

Relationships between attitudes toward women's roles in society,and work and life values

This exploratory study examined the relationships between attitudes toward women's roles in society, as measured by the six sub-scales on ward Women Scale (AWS: Spence, J. T., & Helmreich, R. L. (1972). The Attitudes Towards Women Scale: An objective instrument to measure attitudes towards the rights and roles of women in contemporary society. JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 2(66)) and 20 work and life values, as measured by the Life Roles Inventory-Values Scale (LRI-VS: Macnab, D., Fitzsimmons, G., & Casserly, C. (1985). Administrator's manual for the Life Roles Inventory Values and Salience. Edmonton, AB: PsiCan Consulting). It was hypothesized that more liberal attitudes toward women's roles in society would be associated with higher scores on the social, personal and individual values. Results from a sample of 89 management and health sciences undergraduates generally supported the hypothesis.