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1.
Elda Pema 《Transition Studies Review》2010,16(4):860-871
Albania’s experience with transition is unlike most Eastern European countries. In particular, transition started from a deeply
impoverished state, proceeded faster than other countries in the region, and was disrupted by financial sector crises. In
addition, Albania experienced extreme population movements both abroad (to as many as twenty different countries) and within
the country (from rural areas to major cities). All these changes combined have altered the composition of the local labour
force in unknown ways. Understanding who Albania’s unemployed are at present is important for policy decisions, especially
given the double-digit unemployment rates of the last decade. In addition, employment stabilization policies in Albania are
important from an international perspective, since Albania exports about 15–20% of its labour force to neighbouring countries.
This paper uses administrative data from one of the largest, recently established labour offices, to gain insights into the
composition and characteristics of Albania’s unemployed. 相似文献
2.
Bjarne Ibsen 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》1996,7(2):160-176
This article analyses the changes in the voluntary sector in Denmark at the local level, and compares associations in the
‘cultural field’ with those in the ‘social field’. The analyses, which are primarily based on research conducted in 1993,
show that the voluntary sector changed significantly during the 1980s and the 1990s. First, over a third of the associations
were established after 1979, and this has resulted in changes in the overall composition of the sector. Traditional value-oriented
associations and associations that work for others have declined in relative terms, while narrow-interest associations that
work for the members themselves are increasing. Second, the number of associations that are based and operate in a clearly-defined
local area has declined. Third, despite professionalisation in some types of associations, more people than ever before are
engaged in voluntary work in associations. Fourth, while public subsidies to the voluntary associations have increased, this
has not changed the fundamental ‘political autonomy’ of the associations. Fifth, even though there are great differences in
the political context of which the ‘cultural field’ associations and ‘social field’ associations are part, the associations
in the two fields have many common features. 相似文献
3.
This paper describes an attachment-based parenting intervention, the Circle of Security, and presents a case study of one
participant’s experience as a member of it. The Circle of Security is a group intervention for parents of young children ages
1–5 that teaches parents to recognize and respond to their children’s alternating needs for attachment and exploration. The
intervention content in group sessions relies to a great extent on discussions of videotaped vignettes of each parent–child
dyad. Ultimately, the intervention focuses on strengthening parents’ capacities for empathic responsiveness to their children’s
needs for them. In the second part of the paper, the case study illustrates one mother’s experience in a Circle of Security
group designed for parents involved with the child welfare system as a result of substantiated maltreatment. Observations
of this parent indicate that her capacity for empathic understanding was greatly strengthened, which appears to be related
to important behavior change. 相似文献
4.
Russia’s role in ‘animation’ of the Kyoto Protocol was crucial. Its initial vacillation on ratification was predominantly
due to political bargaining with the EU. Domestic economic rationales [i.e. impacts of emission trading and Joint Implementation
(JI) projects] were important to a much lesser extent and environmental motives did not seem to play any role in the decision.
Since the Protocol entered into force, there have been significant delays in complete establishment of policy implementation
frameworks, which are necessary for Russia to start benefiting from JI and emission trading. Only recently, in 2007, have
GHG inventories and a national registry been established and the responsibilities for implementation of the Protocol and JI
among the government departments have been distributed only to a certain extent. Some constraints hindering JI projects, such
as vague legislation, an unfavourable economic climate, lack of commitment to JI projects, corruption, xenophobia, state and
agency ‘capture’ still remain.
相似文献
5.
Jeff Borland 《Journal of Labor Research》1986,7(3):293-307
An alternative interpretation of the Ross-Dunlop debate of the 1940s is provided, which reveals little difference in the opinions
of these two theorists on the role of optimizing behavior and of economic factors in explaining trade union behavior. Importantly,
both saw theories of union activity based on simple economic maximands as unable to incorporate some “political” features
of those unions. The recent wave of economic analyses of trade unions however seems to have answered such criticism to a large
extent. A survey of this work is provided to show how many of Ross’s “unanswered questions” can be explained by models where
rational trade unions maximize relatively straightforward objective functions.
This work is based on chapter 1 of the author’s M.A. thesis at the University of Melbourne. Many thanks are due to Ian McDonald
for his generous help, and to Greg Whitwell for his comments on an earlier draft of this paper. The author is presently a
graduate student at Yale University. 相似文献
6.
This paper carries out an investigation into the socio-economic determinants of childbearing decisions made by couples in
Italy. The analysis accounts for the characteristics of both possible parents. Our results do not support established theoretical
predictions according to which the increase in the opportunity cost of motherhood connected to higher female labour participation
is responsible for the fall in fertility. On the contrary, the instability of women’s work status (i.e. having occasional,
precarious, and low-paid positions) is revealed as a significant dissuasive factor in the decision to have children. Couples
in which there is an unemployed woman are less likely to plan childbearing as well. Other relevant explanatory variables are
women’s age, men’s work status and education, women’s citizenship, marital status and perceived economic well-being. 相似文献
7.
Rik Scarce 《The American Sociologist》1995,26(1):87-112
In 1993 the author, then a Ph.D. candidate in sociology, was jailed for 159 days after refusing to violate the American Sociological
Association’sCode of Ethics provisions prohibiting the sharing of confidential research data with law enforcement authorities. This article discusses
theCode, presents the facts of the case, answers critics of the author’s and the ASA’s stance, summarizes an attorney’s analysis
of researcher’s rights in the eyes of the law, and concludes by urging sociologists to seek federal legislation protecting
them and their work product from intrusions by public and private institutions.
with emphases in environmental sociology, social movements, research methods, and science and technology at Montana State
University. 相似文献
8.
Amy Leisenring 《Qualitative sociology》2011,34(2):353-370
Many jurisdictions in the U.S. have implemented mandatory arrest policies in an attempt to limit police officers’ discretion
in their arrest decisions when responding to intimate partner violence calls. Drawing from semi-structured interviews with
female victims of intimate partner violence, I explore the ways in which mandatory arrest policies have influenced the identity
work of women during their interactions with police officers. I focus specifically on women’s “unsuccessful” identity claims:
situations where women are unable to convince police officers that they are victims and situations where women are unable
to convince officers that they are not victims. I examine the strategies that women use during their identity work and explore the consequences of women’s failed
self presentations under mandatory arrest policies, the most significant of which is a woman’s arrest. I argue that under
mandatory arrest policies, for many women, the risk of failed identity work is even more consequential than before these policies
were established. 相似文献
9.
This paper discusses the impact of foreign domestic workers (FDWs) on parental roles and family dynamics of Hong Kong’s middle
class families. The increase in married women’s labor force participation in Hong Kong has led to a greater demand for childcare,
which has been filled by FDWs. Based on interviews with 15 dual-earner couples in middle class nuclear families employing
FDWs, how FDWs affect the mother’s gender role and family dynamics is discussed. Boundary work is used by parents in their
daily interaction with their children and their FDWs so as to reconcile the perceived indispensability of these workers on
the one hand, and the challenges they pose to the definition of parenthood on the other.
This research was funded by a Lingnan University Social Sciences Program Research Grant RES/SOC010/978. I am grateful to the
guest editors and two anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. 相似文献
10.
Caroline Rosenthal Gelman Phyllis Fernandez Nathalie Hausman Sarah Miller Michael Weiner 《Clinical Social Work Journal》2007,35(2):79-90
Every year, students prematurely end their work with some clients due to the completion of their internship, rather than the
client’s achievement of goals and thus a more natural endpoint of treatment. It is important to understand students’ experiences
with forced termination to provide them with the necessary knowledge, skills, and support to optimally manage this complex
phenomenon. This paper reviews the social work literature on forced termination arising from the ending of students’ internships
and presents, in their own words, the experiences of four first-year MSW interns with forced termination. Finally, based on
the literature and as borne out by these students’ experiences, some areas for discussion and reflection between interns and
their supervisors in handling forced termination are offered.
Caroline Rosenthal Gelman, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor at New York University’s School of Social Work. She received her M.S.W. in 1991 from the
University of California, Berkeley, and her Ph.D. in 1998 from the Smith College School for Social Work. Phyllis Fernandez,
Nathalie Hausman, Sarah Miller and Michael Weiner received their MSW in 2004 from New York University’s School of Social Work. 相似文献
11.
Utilities,preferences, and substantive goods 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
John C. Harsanyi 《Social Choice and Welfare》1996,14(1):129-145
People’s utility levels are meant to be measures of their well-being. Early utilitarians defined them in terms of people’s happiness. Modern economics defines them in terms of people’s actual preferences. But in ethics they have to be defined in terms of people’s informed preferences. I shall discuss the relationship between people’s desires and preferences, and that between their reasoned and unreasoned preferences. I shall argue that people’s basic desires are much the same, whereas their preferences are often very different. Finally, I shall argue, contrary to Scanlon’s theory, that the things that are good for us are beneficial to us ultimately because they satisfy our biological and psychological needs and our personal interests.
Received: 8 July 1996 相似文献
12.
Teresa Ghilarducci 《Journal of Labor Research》1990,11(2):203-216
Pensions are contingent claims contracts that are often fashioned by collective bargaining under conditions of asymmetric
information and market power. Pensions are not an employer’s or a union’s optimal contract; they represent compromise. Employers
use pensions to minimize labor costs and to adjust to market changes. Pensions help unions improve and protect their members’
work lives and help unions to survive as institutions. When workers’ estimations of their pensions differ from their employers’
estimations a moral hazard can exist. Less mobile workers and those with less influence subsidize the pension benefits of
other workers or reduce an employer’s costs. Econometric results based on data from the President’s Commission on Pension
Policy show that certain workers, namely women, overvalue their plans, which provides an opportunity to lower labor costs
and redistribute benefits. Unions have a contradictory effect on information.
The author thanks participants in the Cornell University Collective Bargaining workshop and the Harvard Labor Economics workshop.
I especially thank James Medoff for his comments. 相似文献
13.
The author looks at the experience of hate in the countertransference and develops the idea that hate can be of particular
value to the treatment process. He begins with an exploration of the therapist’s needs and discusses how unmet self-regulatory
needs sometimes lead to feelings of frustration and rage toward the patient. The author explores these ideas as they are connected
to Winnicott’s (1949, 1971) work on aggression and Jessica Benjamin’s (1992) work on recognition and destruction. The author espouses a difference between rage and hate, where rage is seen as indicative
of unmet needs, and hate is seen as a force that can emancipate the therapist from the encumbrance of unmet needs. Case examples
are provided to show the utility of this perspective.
Laurence Green, M.S.W., Psy.D. is on the faculty and a member of the Institute of Contemporary Psychoanalysis. He is Co-chair
of the History Committee of the International Federation of Psychoanalytic Education. He is in private practice in Los Angeles,
California working with children, adolescents and adults. 相似文献
14.
Steven Horwitz 《Journal of Labor Research》1997,18(2):205-226
Conclusion As the search for microfoundations of macroeconomics has intensified over the last 25 years or so, macroeconomists have paid
increasing attention to the economics of the labor market. Hutt’s work on the labor market could provide the microfoundations
of a macroeconomics which emphasizes a process perspective and the importance of psychological, institutional, and political
rigidities in how that process plays out. The work of the Austrians and the monetary disequilibrium theorists has articulated
a consistent vision of how disequilibria in the money market spill over into nonmoney markets and cause real disturbances
therein. Along with Hayek’s more general work on the informational properties of prices, Hutt’s work on the price coordination
pro-cess in labor markets, can provide a more complete theory of the pricing process which implicitly and explicitly underlies
the macroeconomics of those two schools of thought. Aside from his contributions to labor economics per se, Hutt’s work has
implications for many fundamental questions in macroeconomics, as his life-long critique of Keynes illustrates. As modern
macroeconomics continues its frustrating slide into complex, yet unrealistic, technique, perhaps Hutt’s work will finally
begin to get its due when more macroeconomists begin to look for a more institutionally rich and realistic theory of the labor
market to serve as their microfoundations. 相似文献
15.
Daniel S. Lacerda Marcelo M. F. Vieira 《Voluntas: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations》2011,22(4):875-893
What we now understand as rational and logical in today’s world provides a mental scheme to take action, based on a framework
of premises and values. These rules aim to maximize the utility of consequences, despite of any subjective value. Weber (Economy
and Society, 1978) classified this scheme as an “instrumental rationality”, characterized by being guided by the goals, means, and consequence
of the action. On the other hand, he also defined “substantive rationality”, postulated on the values of the subject, and
not guided by any consequences of action. This study acknowledges that NGOs (non-governmental organizations) must belong to
a field other than that of economic businesses, because they are based on different rationalities, especially when they encompass
the observation in organizations that work for social transformation. A field study was made with five nonprofit organizations
whose stated goals were social transformation, seeking to identify influences that the adoption of instrumental rationality
imposes on accomplishing the expected objectives for these organizations. Contingencies were found that benefit from using
instrumentality in such organizations, such as the need for self-subsistence, the area where they work, size of the organization,
influence of the leader and so on. The conclusion is that the lack of consciousness of the market’s influence on them very
often causes them to uncritically and bluntly absorb the typical organizational dynamics of economic business, which has strong
potential to corrupt their conceptual motivations, when guiding them strategically through the consequences of actions. 相似文献
16.
Gary D. Jaworski 《The American Sociologist》1998,29(2):4-16
The history of sociology exhibits what might be called, after Gallie (1956), an “essentially contested “ canon. The key figures,
sacred texts, and central ideas that constitute the sociological tradition are inherently in dispute. This essay examines
the “contested canon “ within a historical framework to provide at least a partial explanation for the restricted interpretation
of Georg Simmel as a structuralist sociologist. The sites of this contest are two New York City institutions, Columbia University
and the New School for Social Research, both of which offered mid-century readings of Simmel’s works. At Columbia in the mid-1950s,
Robert K. Merton advanced a structural reading of Simmel’s work. During the same broad period, the New School’s Albert Salomon
championed a phenomenological reading of Simmel in his classes and seminars. Despite penetrating insights into Simmel’s links
to the phenomenological tradition, Salomon’s interpretation has had less salience than the approach advanced by Merton. The
differential success of these competing interpretations is explained in large measure by the institutionalization and dominance
of Merton’s research tradition relative to Salomon’s. 相似文献
17.
Maureen E. Kelleher 《The American Sociologist》1987,18(2):189-194
In this conversation, Stephen J. Pfohl and Maureen E. Kelleher discuss Pfohl’s experience as the chair of the Massachusetts
Juvenile Justice Advisory Committee. During Pfohl’s tenure, the committee looked at the highly visible and politicized problem
of violent teenagers. Pfohl reflects on the experience of chairing a committee made up of diverse representatives, leading
them through a policy study process, and delivering a report with policy recommendations to the governor. He also shares insights
into the political aspects of policy making.
She has consulted with state agencies on various children’s policy issues, and her most recent work on institutional abuse
appears inChild Welfare. 相似文献
18.
Seán Ó Riain 《Theory and Society》2006,35(5-6):507-528
This article advances the concept of “time–space intensification” as an alternative to existing notions of time–space distanciation, compression and embedding that attempt to capture the restructuring of time and space in contemporary advanced capitalism. This concept suggests time and space are intensified in the contemporary period – the social experience of time and space becomes more explicit and more crucial to socio-economic actors’ lives, time and space are mobilized more explicitly in individual and corporate action, and the institutionalization of time and space becomes more politicized. Drawing on Polanyi’s concepts of fictitious commodities and the double movement, and developing them through an analysis of work organization and economic development in the Irish software industry, the article argues that the concept of time–space intensification can add significantly to our understanding of key features of the restructuring of the temporal and spatial basis of economic development and work organization. 相似文献
19.
Beverly B. Lovett 《Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal》2007,24(6):579-589
This paper uses concepts from relational psychodynamic theories and findings from neurobiology to conceptualize a young child’s
experience of sexual abuse. Selected developmental tasks are discussed using an integrated theoretical framework. Literature
which highlights the importance of the child’s environment is reviewed. A case of a sexually abused 5-year-old girl demonstrates
consequences of sexual abuse using ideas from psychodynamic theories and neurobiology. It is recommended that social work
practitioners expand on the biology domain when conducting a bio-psycho-social assessment. Social work students may benefit
from additional content on biology in social work curricula. 相似文献
20.
The authors, both long-time LCSWs, utilize an existential framework and postmodern lens to explore the implications of increased
professional regulation in clinical practice. Specifically emphasized, are the themes of litigation-fear and the threat of
license revocation that are prevalent in the field of clinical social work at this time. The authors argue that this “climate
of fear” can lead to a slippery slope for a profession that has long valued the individual’s right (both client’s and practitioner’s)
to self-determination, authenticity, and creativity and call for an increased conversation among practitioners about the desired
role of regulation in the profession with the overall goal of protecting a true understanding of ethics in social work. 相似文献