完善农村集体资产股份权能的实践与探索

农村集体产权制度改革深层次问题是占有权变更形式问题.多年来的实践证明,最有效的办法是将股份制的股权管理办法引入合作制领域.即在坚持合作经济基本原则和总体框架的基础上,将股份制的股份管理办法引入到合作制中.集体经济组织成员可以按照合作制原则,将其拥有的按份共有集体资产占有权有偿退出给本集体经济组织,也可以按市场化原则,流转给其他主体.在同等情况下,优先流转给本集体经济组织成员.只有这样,既使按份共有集体资产能够进入市场自由流转,又使流出集体资产的农民获得更多利益.     

进一步深化农村集体产权制度改革的思考

现阶段,我国深化农村产权制度改革的核心任务是完善农村集体资产股份6项权能试点.6项权能改革试点可分3个层面予以推进:一是全面开展集体资产股份占有权、收益权试点;二是有条件开展集体资产股份有偿退出权、继承权试点;三是慎重开展集体资产股份抵押权、担保权试点.     

农村集体资产股份合作制改革研究——以淄博市博山区南域城社区为例

随着经济发展和城市化进程的推进,涌现出很多的新问题,其中像如何分配农村集体经济的收益,保障农村的集体经济的价值,确保实现农村集体经济的可持续发展,实现集体经济的增值,不仅是解决相关的"三农"问题的重要方面,也是维护社会稳定的重要途径。"农村集体产权制度改革"适应了当前农村生产力发展水平和生产关系内在变革的要求,是发展现代农业的一条有效途径。淄博市博山区南域城社区的集体资产产权制度改革试点工作现已顺利完成,是淄博市率先建立农村集体资产股份合作制的社区。2016年南域城社区人均分红1750元,真正做到了"资源变资产、资金变股金、农民变股东",农民得到了实实在在的收入。本文以南域城社区为例,通过实际调研,了解南域城社区集体资产股份合作制改革的情况,对各地正在开展的农村集体产权制度改革具有一定的借鉴意义。     

上海农业专业合作社现状及支持对策

上海农业专业合作社在加快农村产业结构调整、推动城乡一体化发展进程中发挥了重要作用,但在管理和经营等方面也出现不少问题。上海应完善合作社的准入与退出机制,鼓励多种出资方式,提升合作社的营销效能,完善合作社的财务公开制度、内部会议控制制度和盈余分配制度,引导和帮助农业合作社更"专业"、更"合作",以实现上海"十二五"规划提出的"加强农村集体资产、资金、资源管理,深化农村集体经济组织产权制度改革,切实保障农民利益"的根本目标。     

集体建设用地流转应注意的几个问题

经过多年的实践探索，人们普遍认为，农村集体建设用地的流转，有利于盘活存量土地资产和有效保护耕地，有利于促进农民增收和社会稳定，有利于土地资源的优化配置。而当前的首要问题，是如何创新相关制度，为集体建设用地流转创造良好的制度环境。我们认为，集体建设用地流转的制度创新应从正确处理确定流转范围和条件、创新土地产权制度、完善收益分配体系、界定政府职能范围和规范管理程序等几个问题人手，按照市场经济规律和世贸规则的要求，在保证集体建设用地所有权不变的前提下，逐步建立农村建设用地使用权有偿、有限期、有流动的使…     

对农村集体建设用地流转的调查与思考——以简阳市为例

近年来,随着城镇化、工业化步伐不断加快,建设用地供需矛盾愈来愈突出.为解决建设用地不足问题,各地已开始逐步将目光转向农村集体建设用地,通过推进集体建设用地流转,为农村发展和城镇建设提供新的用地途径.本文对集体建设用地流转的方式、特点及存在的问题进行了分析,就如何加强农村集体建设用地流转的规范管理,明确农村集体建设用地流转的条件、程序,完善土地流转收益的分配制度等方面提出一些思考和建议.     

上海农村集体经济组织产权制度改革探索

推进农村集体经济组织产权制度改革是农村改革发展中的一个具有方向性的重大课题,也是在新的历史条件下维护农民集体收益分配权、壮大农村集体经济的重要实现形式。上海市农村集体经济组织产权制度改革工作虽已取得初步成效,但由于缺少国家层面法律法规和相关配套扶持政策的支撑,在一定程度上造成了地方配套扶持政策难以突破,影响了基层参与改革的积极性。建议在国家层面开展对农村集体经济管理方面的立法工作,从法律层面对集体经济组织法人地位的确立、集体经济组织成员身份的界定、集体资产的管理等方面予以明确和规范。     

六盘水:"三变"改革引领产业发展

核心提示:2014年以来,六盘水市探索了农村资源变资产、资金变股金、农民变股东的"三变"农村集体产权改革模式,破解农村发展难题,催生产业裂变,农民走上了脱贫致富的道路,为全国农村发展提供了样板示范.     

集体建设用地流转增值收益分配两阶段博弈 ——基于多主体利益关系视角

集体建设用地流转增值收益分配与各参与主体的利益诉求息息相关.笔者运用农村集体外部和内部两阶段博弈,对政府、 开发商与农村集体之间、 农村集体经济组织与农户之间的利益关系进行探究.研究结果表明:该博弈中均衡策略取决于多个参数,其中增值收益、 查处费用、 税收和权能的作用尤为突出.因此,提出制定差别化政策、 完善产权制度、 明确相关税收和收费问题的对策用以改善均衡关系,从而解决集体建设用地流转增值收益分配存在的问题.     

新常态下推进"撤村建居"的探索与思考

"撤村建居"是一个庞大的系统工程,与国家、集体和个人利益息息相关,稍有不慎就会造成社会的不稳定因素.要以有利于经济社会全面发展、有利于加强社会事务管理、有利于提高人民生活水平为要求,统一规划,合理布局,加快农村社区建设,推进新型城镇化步伐.在实施过程中应注意妥善解决好以下问题:"撤村建居"过程中原村集体资产的处置,"撤村建居"后的换届,"撤村建居"后的公益事业及工作经费,"撤村建居"后的社区划分和管理,失地农民的社会保障,建设资金的来源等.     

Social media teams as digital vanguards: the question of leadership in the management of key Facebook and Twitter accounts of Occupy Wall Street,Indignados and UK Uncut

Recent protest movements such as Occupy Wall Street in the US, the indignados/15M movement in Spain, and UK Uncut have witnessed the rise of social media teams, small activist groups responsible for managing high-visibility and collective activist social media accounts. Going against dominant assertions about the leaderless character of contemporary digital movements, the article conceptualises social media teams as ‘digital vanguards’, collective and informal leadership structures that perform a role of direction of collective action through the use of digital communication. Various aspects of the internal functioning of vanguards are discussed: (a) their formation and composition; (b) processes of internal coordination; (c) struggles over the control of social media accounts. The article reveals the profound contradiction between the leadership role exercised by social media teams and the adherence of digital activists to techno-libertarian values of openness, horizontality, and leaderlessness. The espousal of these principles has run against the persistence of power and leadership dynamics leading to bitter conflicts within these teams that have hastened the decline of the movements they served. These problems call for a new conceptual framework to better render the nature of leadership in digital movements and for new political practices to better regulate the management of social media assets.     

深化农村土地管理制度改革研究

上海要深化农村土地管理制度改革,在农村承包地流转方面:要加强引导,规范农村土地承包权流转;加强扶持,构建完整的政策制度体系;制定规则,形成机制保障。在农村集体建设用地流转方面:要真正实施国有土地与集体土地"同地、同价、同权";要正确处理集体建设用地节约、集约利用与增加农民财产性收入的关系;要制定郊区集体建设用地的各类标准,控制用地总量;要制定集体建设用地使用权流转的配套政策;要建立完善的农民社会保障体系,清除集体建设用地流转的障碍。在农村宅基地置换、退出方面:要建立农民宅基地分配、使用、置换、流转、收回政策体系;要采取限制措施,严控宅基地的新增趋势;要采取滚动发展模式,解决宅基地置换资金缺口大的问题。     

关于深化上海农村改革的若干思考

上海深化农村改革应着力发展现代农业经营的"三类主体":家庭农场、农民合作社和农业企业;着力保障农民的"三项权利":农民的土地承包经营权、农村集体经济组织成员权利和农民宅基地用益物权;着力盘活农村的"三块土地":农村承包土地、农民宅基地和农村集体建设用地;着力完善涉农的"三项制度":农产品价格形成制度、农业支持保护制度和土地征收制度;着力提升农村公共服务的"三项水平":农村义务教育水平、农村社会保障水平和农村医疗服务水平。     

Does Guaranteed employment promote resilience to climate change? The case of India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA)

India's Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) is the largest labour guarantee scheme in the world, offering 100 days of paid labour to every rural household. This article reviews the growing evidence base, assessing the extent to which the scheme can be said to contribute to resilience to climate change, based on its effectiveness as a safety net and driver of household accumulation, its ability to create assets which build collective resilience, and its support for transformations of exploitative social relations. The article concludes that the MGNREGA has already made a major contribution to resilience, but requires improvements in governance and state capacity to maximize its contribution.     

Case Management in Rural Australia: Arguments for Improved Practice Understandings

Abstract

This article is principally concerned with case management and rurality in the Australian context. While there is substantial literature exploring case management across disciplines and across contexts, there remains a substantial gap in knowledge in relation to the role played by rurality in case management practice in Australia. An emerging body of knowledge associated with human service delivery in rural Australia under the stewardship of authors such as Alston, Cheers, and Lonne, offers valuable links between rurality and human services and draws attention to the specificity of rural work. However, there remains a gap in knowledge about how rural specificity impacts on case management practice in the political, cultural, and socioecological context that makes up rural Australia. Thus, the aim of this paper is to reflect upon contemporary knowledge of rural case management in the light of current literature and emerging trends, and to provoke interest in this topic as an area for further discussion and research.     

Adaptive responses and asset strategies: the experience of rural micro-firms and Foot and Mouth Disease

The 2001 Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) epidemic effectively closed large parts of the UK countryside for several months. Local firms found their operations disrupted and suffered losses of trade. The individual and collective experiences of affected firms provide vivid insights into how rural businesses and the local economies they constitute operate and react in times of crisis, with important lessons for small business policy and support. Drawing upon survey and case study research the paper presents a critical incident analysis of the impacts of FMD on rural micro-businesses and a review of the resulting adaptive responses. The paper explores the role of variable endowments in influencing the choice of responses available to micro-businesses and identifies those assets which proved to be crucial in enhancing coping capability. The analysis confirms the importance of households in providing resilience to micro-businesses. Households acted as a buffer to many firms, absorbing revenue and employment effects, through adjustments in the wage taken from the business, restrictions in household spend, the deployment of personal savings and the use of household members as a flexible labour reserve.     

上海城乡统筹发展的路径和突破口研究

上海城乡二元结构的深层次问题突出表现为:城乡居民收入差距仍然明显,促进农民增收的难度加大;郊区人口持续导入,对公共服务和社会管理的要求提高;农村土地和产权制度改革滞后,深化改革的条件尚不成熟;郊区城市化进程加速,管理体制和管理模式亟待转变;新城和小城镇等城乡统筹载体建设有待加强。上海城乡统筹发展要牢牢把握公共服务均等化、发展成果共享化、发展权利平等化内涵,坚持以城带乡、城乡一体、互动发展,以推进新型城市化战略为主攻方向,以加强城乡规划一体化为前提,以加快新城开发建设为突破口,以土地管理、集体产权、社会管理制度改革为支撑,以基本公共服务均等化为着力点,大力推进工业向园区集中、居住向社区集中、农业向规模经营集中,努力实现优化农村土地资源配置方式、优化城乡资源要素流动方式、优化城乡统筹发展方式,推进城乡一体化发展。     

Globalisation and the Rural Poor

This article surveys how globalisation is affecting rural poverty. The forces of change may affect the welfare of the rural poor through their influence on productivity, growth, income distribution, technologies, the security of livelihoods, and policies. There are both credit and debit entries: large potential benefits, for example from accelerated growth, but also real dangers that the rural poor will be left behind, for example that they will not have access to the knowledge and other assets necessary for success in a commercialised world. The article also discusses some of the influences on the ways the forces of change work themselves out, stressing the importance of market access, positive government policy stances and the assets of the rural poor.