公共租赁房建设与新型城镇化

上海推进的公共租赁住房建设,是上海＂十二五＂期间住房保障体系的重要组成部分,符合深化住房制度改革和加快完善住房保障体系的总体要求,同时也与上海推进新型城镇化建设相呼应。新型城镇化的核心是＂人的城镇化＂,人的安居乐业是新型城镇化的关键所在。上海公租房政策对推动＂人的城镇化＂,具有极为重要的引导作用：强化了对非沪籍居民和中等收入阶层居住权的保障;有助于对工作者居住权利的保障;有助于带动整个区域的和谐、均衡发展。政府在推动公共租赁住房建设的过程中,还须适度扩大规模,改变产权式保障的传统思路;从严实行进出筛选机制,鼓励向上流动;坚持运作市场化、社区社会化、政策政府化;关注产业布局,突出其人才属性。     

利用市场化手段筹措公共租赁住房房源

面向“十三五”,在住房保障压力持续加大和住房资源部分结构性错配的形势面前,推动公租房房源市场化筹措改革,积极拓展公租房市场供给主体,以存量闲置住房为主要筹措客体,将为上海开创经济、社会和谐发展的新局面作出重要贡献.     

对租赁型公共住房退出机制的另类思考——基于典型国家和地区的经验

我国香港地区公屋退出收入及资产标准的设定看似宽松、有悖公平原则,但有其科学和合理之处。而美国在公共住房的管理中对物(即房屋)的管理仅仅是一个方面,对人(即公共住房的居住者)的管理也同样重要,为保持公共住房的居住质量,对租户的某些行为必须进行严格管理。从新加坡经验看,是否实行租赁型公共住房出售政策与地区公共住房供应总量之间存在一定的正相关关系。相比之下,上海目前廉租住房的退出收入及资产标准太过严格,需要进行更多的人性化思考。     

加快上海公共租赁住房发展研究

公共租赁住房面向的是新就业职工群体,属于政策支持的租赁住房,是一种过渡周转性住房。通过发展公共租赁住房,上海将形成一个由廉租房、经济适用房、公共租赁住房三者共同构成的多层次住房保障体系。上海发展公共租赁住房要坚持政府主导、市场运作等基本原则,以及明确准入标准等基本思路,近期可采取加快相关制度建设、开展先行试点、搭建信息平台等具体措施。     

对租赁型公共住房退出机制的思考

上海目前的出租型公共住房包括廉租房、租赁型经适房和公租房。随着上海住房保障体系建设的快速推进,租赁型公共住房后期管理中的退出问题受到关注,如何有效地使用公共住房资源,从一些国家和地区的经验出发,可从3个方面进行思考:根据收入及资产准入线,决定租赁型公共住房退出机制;根据承租人是否遵纪守法,决定租赁型公共住房退出机制;租赁型公共住房以出售作为退出。     

城乡统筹背景下的农民工住房保障问题研究 ——基于公共租赁住房制度

农民工在我国城镇化进程中起到了不可替代的作用,但在他们为城市作出了巨大贡献的同时,其生活保障也出现一些问题.和居住相关的是农民工住房保障问题,城乡统筹背景下研究如何将农民工纳入城镇住房保障体系内,特别是公共租赁住房体系内,不仅是时代的需要,还是我国实现2020年1亿人口市民化的需要,更是城乡统筹住房保障建设的需要.     

完善我国公共租赁住房公平分配的政策建议

目前我国公共租赁住房公平分配存有分配程序、分配准则、分配感知、分配结果几个方面问题。针对目前我国公共租赁住房分配的现状,进一步确保公共租赁住房分配公平应从完善公共租赁住房分配准则、优化分配程序、加强公共租赁住房分配的立法工作等方面加以完善。     

基于家庭人口结构的公共租赁住房户型面积标准研究

近些年公共租赁住房(简称公租房)逐步受到中央与地方政府重视,成为保障房建设的重中之重,但是各地政府对于公租房的面积标准规定差异较大,缺乏明确的统一思想与细化标准,存在针对家庭人口结构的套型适应性不足、户型面积标准精细化不足的问题.在总结与借鉴欧洲、日本等发达地区的基本住房保障标准思路上,提出了基于家庭人口结构的精细化户型与面积标准,同时针对家庭结构演变提出了加强户型适应性的设计思路与建议.     

天津市公共租赁住房REITs融资模式的应用可行性研究

作为我国保障性住房体系的重要补充,公租房为解决中低收入者住房需求问题提供了一条重要途径.规模大、 周期长、 资金回流慢是公租房建设过程中应该首先考虑的问题,仅仅依靠政府财政投入,难以保证住房建设的可持续性.在经济新常态下,公租房建设融资问题成为各方关注的焦点问题,而REITs融资模式是解决房屋建设资金筹集困难的最佳选择.笔者对天津市公租房推行REITs融资模式进行可行性分析.基于SWOT方法分析天津市公租房推行REITs融资模式的优势、 劣势以及面临的机遇和挑战,证明REITs融资模式将对目前居高不下的房价、 资金短缺等问题起到一定的缓解作用.为确保公租房REITs融资模式在天津市的可持续营运提出对策建议.     

BOT模式下公共租赁住房租金定价机制研究

BOT作为公共租赁住房的一种新模式已经广泛应用在公共建设领域,关于此模式下的公共租赁住房租金定价机制的研究也在逐渐兴起.与以往研究视角从单方主体出发点不同,笔者从利益相关的政府、 民营企业和租户三方主体出发,综合考虑各方主体利益均衡,研究了以政府为主导,平衡民营企业与租户两者利益的定价机制,针对该模式下的定价机制从各方利益角度对政府提出了建议.     

完善重庆公租房社区管理的思考

公租房社区是在新的住房保障形势下随公租房的大量建设而涌现的新型城市社区,这种社区不能完全套用现有一般城市社区管理方法。本文以大规模建设公租房的典型城市——重庆为样本,在分析其公租房社区管理现状、问题的基础上,通过借鉴国内外经验及分析公租房社区不同于一般城市社区的特点,提出完善公租房社区管理的思考。     

将廉租房与公租房并轨，创新租赁型保障房管理模式

目前,我国基本形成了以廉祖住房为基础、以公共租赁房为重点,包括适当发展经济适用房和限价商品房、加快各类棚户区改造在内的城镇住房保障体系。这种住房保障制度和体系存在诸多问题,如产品种类偏多、管理不善、退出机制缺失等。针对租赁型保障房,应创新运行管理模式,逐步将廉租房与公租房并轨,统一规划、统一建设、统一审核、统一管理,实行分级补贴、租补分离、明收明补,以完善租赁型保障房制度体系。     

上海老旧公房管理与运营机制研究

公房是我国计划经济年代的产物,上海直管公房、售后公房在当前管理运营中存在诸多突出问题。公房管理涉及的内容非常宽泛,包括房屋买卖置换、租金费用收缴、邻里纠纷调解、违章搭建处理以及房屋的维修维护等,是改善居民工作与生活环境、提高居住水平的基础工作,也是城市建设和管理的重要内容。完善上海老旧公房管理与运营机制,应提高物业费收缴率,加强物业管理企业自身建设,健全公房服务收费机制,加强相关政策法规的执行力度,加大政府投入,完善业主大会自治机制等。     

The Impact of Public Housing Policy on Family Social Work Theory and Practice

Social workers are the professionals most engaged with families living in low-income and subsidized housing and most familiar with the problems associated with inadequate housing. Yet the discussion of public housing policy has been left largely to economists and housing activists and the clear implications for family social work practice have not been made clear. To connect these critical policy and practice issues, this article provides a theoretical foundation and a review of the research supporting the use of housing vouchers to combat race and class segregation, joblessness, family breakdown, inferior public services, child abuse, mental illness and crime victimization.     

The Role of International Municipal Cooperation in Housing the Developing World's Urban Poor: The Toronto-São Paulo Example

Increasingly, local governments in developing countries are entering into partnership arrangements with their counterparts in the developed world as part of an attempt to come to grips with problems associated with rapid urban expansion. As part of a preliminary investigation of the development-related impact of this little studied form of international municipal cooperation (IMC), this paper assesses the effectiveness of one particularly ambitious information and technology sharing arrangement struck by the cities of São Paulo, Brazil and Toronto, Canada. Specifically, the study focuses on an initiative -- referred to as the Integrated Operations (OI-Operações Interligadas) -- developed by the two cities to assist São Paulo in its efforts to facilitate public housing. Based upon the evidence -- collected over a four-year period (1993-1997) in both settings -- the paper suggests that IMC ventures of the type described can help deal with problems such as housing, and thus may well provide a new and cost effective mechanism for improving conditions generally in the world's less affluent urban agglomerations.     

Listen to the Elders: Design Guidelines for Affordable Multifamily Housing for the Elderly Based on Their Experiences

There is an increasing demand for affordable multifamily housing for a rapidly growing population of ethnic elders. Using the lived experiences of Korean American elders currently residing in affordable housing in the Midwest as one such example, this study seeks to develop design guidelines to meet the specific living needs and desires of this aging population. Verified against well-established building standards and accepted guidelines, these design recommendations lay the groundwork for multifamily housing that will assist elders to age in place in safer, healthier and happier environments.     

The Needs of Elders in Public Housing: Policy Considerations in the Era of Mixed-Income Redevelopment

A number of studies have followed the changes in the lives of public housing residents forced to relocate because of redevelopment. From 2002 to 2007, researchers followed the residents of a public housing development from the first year when residents learned of the pending demolition through 4 years of resettlement. Elder residents dispersed throughout the city provide insights into what life is like for low-income seniors leaving their homes and entering as strangers into new neighborhoods. The article concludes with recommendations for rethinking aging in place for poor elders.     

Assessing the Moderating Effects of Depressive Symptoms on Antisocial Behavior among Urban Youth in Public Housing

This study assesses whether the influences of attitude towards deviance, exposure to delinquent peers and parental supervision and encouragement on antisocial behavior are moderated by depressive symptoms. Two hundred and thirty eight African American adolescents ages 13–19 from three public housing developments participated in this study. Results indicate that approximately half of the youth did not engage in antisocial behaviors in the last year. Gender, depression, attitudes and peers were significant correlates of antisocial behavior. Parental supervision and encouragement, and age were not related to antisocial behavior. Interaction effects suggest that the relative influences of attitudes towards deviance and delinquent peers on antisocial behaviors depend upon gender and level of depression symptoms. Implications for social work practice and future research are discussed.     

Unintended Consequences: The Impact of Welfare Reform in the United States on NGOs

The Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996 dramatically transformed the structure and goals of the public welfare system in the United States. The vast body of research and evaluation generated by the 1996 welfare reforms largely overlooked nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) despite their substantial historical and contemporary involvement in the delivery of social services to low-income populations. Therefore, this paper presents a unique assessment of PRWORA's implications based on the perspective of 90 social service NGOs operating in the Detroit metropolitan area. Examination of their services, staffing, budgets, and clients reveals many changes experienced by NGOs between 1996 and 2000 related to the welfare reforms. Overall, the findings suggest an increased role for social service NGOs in the public welfare system as well as concerns regarding their capacity to adequately fulfill this growing responsibility in the future.