潜院里的“联合国”

海军潜艇学院是培养国家战略军事力量的院校,也是潜艇部队新型高素质军事人才的摇篮.这所军校承担着中国军队潜水、援潜救生、水下脱险、水下爆破等应急性、高危性的专业教学训练任务这里有全国最大的60米水下饱和氧舱实验室,举世瞩目的神舟七号航天员的负压训练也曾在这里进行.     

美国与《联合国海洋法公约》

《联合国海洋法公约》是迄今为止最广泛、最全面、最有影响的管理和规范海洋活动的国际公约,已经并将继续对国际政治、经济和社会产生重大影响。美国虽然积极参与了《公约》的谈判和制订,但时至今日仍未批准《公约》,令人费解。本文回顾了美国与《联合国海洋法公约》的渊源,通过《公约》对于美国国家利益关联性的论述,探究美国未批准加入《公约》的缘由。本文认为,随着国际海洋形势和美国自身实力等因素的不断变化,美国出于自身利益考虑,批准《公约》是大势所趋。美国一旦批准《公约》,必将附加对其更加有利的额外声明、条件等,对此,我们应予以关注。     

南极洲与联合国关系辨析

冷战时代签署的《南极条约》规定,南极洲不“属于”联合国而归南极条约组织管辖。这一管理模式经受了来自联合国的挑战,但因南极条约体系所体现的宗旨和原则的合理性,以及大国政治的主导作用,《南极条约》没有受到实质性挑战,反而逐渐与联合国在南极事务方面达成了默契。南极洲与联合国的关系对中国政府的南极政策有重要的启示作用。     

Nations,National Cultures,and Natural Languages: A Contribution to the Sociology of Nations

This paper seeks to contribute to the sociology of nations, a literature that is only starting to carve out its place in the social sciences. The paper offers a reconceptualization of “nations” as “national cultures”, employing an evolutionary perspective and a systemic framework in which “nations” are understood as cultural systems of a special kind. National cultures are intimately tied to natural languages, and the acquisition of a national culture occurs as part and parcel of the acquisition of a natural language. Acquiring a natural language is a prerequisite for learning other cultural systems (artefactual languages as well as other natural languages). National cultures function as metacultures. They are also the reference cultures for modern states and their citizens, a political dimension of nations that is of paramount importance, though it will only be touched on in this paper. National cultures should be considered as the most fundamental type of cultural system today.     

联合国安理会改革及其发展趋势

作为典型的开放系统的联合国安理会,其改革已经取得了一些成就,但其实质性改革受到它原有权力结构与外界环境因素的制约。根据2004年12月联合国名人小组改革报告和联合国秘书长安南于2005年3月向第59届联大提交的改革报告中关于否决权、扩充安理会两方案和侯选国标准三个问题的有关内容,以及现任常任理事国、主要候选国、中等发达国家和地区性大国对报告的几项建议的态度,安理会进行第二次正式调整具有可行性。     

联合国老龄行动历程和主要经验

人口老龄化是人类社会经济发展的必然产物,是人类社会文明进步的象征。联合国采取了一系列行动,为推动世界老龄事业的发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。     

联合国改革与日本加入常任理事国

目前,围绕着联合国改革和日本加入常任理事国问题沸沸扬扬,引起了世界各国的极大关注。日本“入常”,正有待于世界各国做出正确的抉择。联合国成立于1945年。当时仅有51个成员国,现在已经发展到191个。关于联合国的改革早就提出过,但由于难度很大,过去只是议论,没有提出过什么具体方案。后来,联合国曾经进行过一次扩大安理会的改革。1963年12月17日第18届联大通过决议,增设了四个安理会非常任理事国。目前的改革是第二次。现在时代变了,国际形势也发生了很大变化,应该根据现在的情况对联合国做一些必要的改革。这一点大家没有争议,中国也一…     

联合国可持续发展的理念及欧盟的行动

本文介绍了联合国对生态环境管理和可持续性发展理念的认识过程,阐述了联合国生态管理的理念和欧盟成员国履行联合国"环保宣言"所采取的统一行动计划,以及意大利采取的具体措施.     

《联合国海洋法公约》退出机制及我国的考量

即使在全球化的时代,国家利益至上仍然是无可厚非的。中国作为《联合国海洋法公约》的签署国,在维护公约精神、履行公约义务的同时,理应享拥公约赋予的权利——国家利益,并得到公约的强力保障。然而,作为折衷产物的《联合国海洋法公约》,在30年的实施过程中,虽建立起了一套新的海洋法律秩序,但“软法”的迹象显现。就我国岛屿争端的现实来看,公约在争端解决上少有效用,我国的海洋权益屡次被声索国恶意利用公约之名侵占。本文就《联合国海洋法公约》退出机制,对我国保留公约缔约国身份的相关问题展开探讨,结论是积极影响与消极影响共存,如果我国与周边国家的矛盾进一步突出,退出公约,可望争取更广大的处理空间。     

从全球公共政策视角审视日本和平宪法、国际法与联合国

从国际公共政策的视点研究日本和平宪法、国际法和联合国之间的关系，可以看到，主要行为主体如国家、国际机构、社会组织、企业等要积极拓展公共政策空间，摆脱美国单边行动主义带来的影响；维护日本和平宪法，不向多国部队派遣自卫队，强调集团自卫权有害无益；从相互依存的多元化的世界现实出发，重新评价国际法，修改国家主权的概念，明确行使武力的基本原则，培养开放、民主的国际体系；重构联合国体系内的合作伙伴关系，使之在和平与安全保障领域发挥积极作用。     

The International Political Significance of Chinese and US Foreign Aid: As Seen in United Nations General Assembly Voting

The effect of China’s rapid development on Sino-US relations and the existing international order is an important theoretical issue in current international relations research. We use empirical research methods to explore whether and how China has influenced the results of US “vote-buying” in the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) through foreign aid. We find that through the mechanisms of foreign policy preferences, vulnerability and credibility, Chinese foreign aid has decreased US manipulation of UNGA voting. However, this is not a subjective strategic choice on China’s part but the objective result of Chinese economic development. Taking the game of Sino-US foreign aid in international politics as the entry point and squarely facing the structural contradictions and competition that exist between China and the US will help us understand not only the problems and obstacles China will encounter on its future developmental path, but also the necessity and difficulty of risk control in Sino-US relations.     

The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and Canadian implementation efforts for indigenous children and youth

Since playing the role of co-host at the 1990 World Summit for Children in New York, Canada has promoted the adoption of the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of the Child at home and abroad. What impact has this unprecedented international human rights document had on Canadian First Nations, Inuit and other Aboriginal groups? This paper looks at Canada's implementation of this UN Convention, and specifically at Canadian initiatives for indigenous children and youth. The Indian Act, upon which the Canadian government has based its control over Aboriginals since 1876, is explained. Five national organizations representing various Aboriginal perspectives have reviewed the federal government's efforts to honour the World Summit's‘First Call for Children,’ and the emergent issues for at-risk children's programming on- and off-reserve are reviewed. The‘best interests of the child’ ideology that has guided the developed world's notions of children's rights has evolved in a cultural and value-laden context that must now be left for indigenous social scientists, children and youth around the globe to decide for themselves.