发挥养老机构辐射作用 营造积极健康老年新生活

深圳市是我国改革开放的窗口，是一座高速发展的移民城市。随着经济的快速发展和城市不断完善，移居深圳的人口不断增加，从而产生了比较特殊的老年群体，本土的老人、首批从祖国各地抽调参加深圳建设的离退休老人和年轻的创业者将其长辈接到深圳居住的老人。这座城市成为了不同语言、不同生活阶层、不同生活习性，来自四面八方人群的聚居地。伴随我国的人口老龄化，深圳的老年人口也在迅速增加。     

快速城市化背景下我国城市蔓延的治理模式构建

随着我国城市化的快速发展,城市蔓延现象日益显性化,造成了土地的非合理利用和城市污染等问题,直接影响着新型城镇化战略的顺利实施。因此,治理城市蔓延已成为无法回避的现实问题。本文首先简要分析了当前我国城市蔓延治理中存在的主要问题,然后对国外城市蔓延治理理念、治理工具和治理模式进行了较系统分析,在此基础上,结合我国不同城市规模的差异,选择相匹配的城市蔓延的治理工具和治理理念,尝试构建了适合我国不同规模城市差异化的城市蔓延治理模式。     

城市社区文化建设的居民认知、参与和评价——基于天津市的调查研究

正随着我国经济社会改革的深入,很多社会功能向社区转移,社区地位凸显并成为城市社会的基石,肩负起更重要的时代责任。快速城镇化和经济社会的"双转型"是目前我国城市发展的两个基本背景,而文化是城市发展最突出的标志,研究城市在很大程度上就是研究文化。伴随快速城镇化,大量人口涌入城市,不同地域背景、文化属性的人群在城市中碰撞和摩擦。与此同时,对很多城市片面强调经济建设而忽视漠视城市文化     

国家战略视野下的城市营销:趋势与展望

笔者以我国国家战略的顶层设计为背景,对我国城市营销当前状况及未来发展趋势进行了研究和探讨,提出城市发展进一步对接国家战略、城市营销加强与国家及区域联动、推进城市营销治理转型、强化城市存量开发和优化、用互联网思维再造城市品牌、拓展城市品牌发展新动能以及回归城市营销价值本源等观点,并就我国城市营销的进一步发展提出了相应的建议.     

农民工住房问题探析

20世纪80年代以来．我国城市化步伐逐渐加快．城市开始快速发展。为适应城市建设与发展需要．国家对农村土地政策做了适当改革，使大量农村剩余劳动力得以解放．为城市建设提供了丰富的人力资源。同时．农民工也为城市的建设与发展做出了巨大贡献。     

广州市城市总体规划发展回顾与展望

本文回顾了新中国成立以来广州市历次城市总体规划的发展历程,并根据不同时期城市面临的主要问题和发展策略的不同,将城市总体规划划分为新中国成立后至改革开放前、改革开放至2000年和2000年以来三个阶段,并对不同发展阶段的社会经济发展背景、规划编制和实施等情况进行了总结。指出广州市城市总体规划是城市政府在不同时期,解决社会经济发展主要问题或实现其战略目标的重要抓手,对城市的发展起到了重要的作用。经过改革开放40年快速发展后,面对快速变化且日益复杂的城市发展问题,传统城市总体规划编制和审批机制逐渐表现出诸多不适应性。认为未来城市总体规划的编制应重塑空间规划体系,重回总规战略性,重构"总控联动"机制。     

村镇住宅建设技术适宜度评价与集成创新研究

城市经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高．以及与城市住宅相关的新技术、新产品、新材料、新工艺的层出不穷，促进了城市住宅产业的快速发展．城市面貌发生了翻天覆地的变化。然而．受多种因素影响．目前我国村镇住宅建设还存在着规划建设技术标准与体系滞后、基层技术基础薄弱、适用技术缺乏等问题．严重制约着村镇住宅建设的健康发展。村镇住宅建设事关城镇化发展全局．是改善民生、提高农民生活质量的关键。     

繁华地段高舒适度小区设计——泰达北斗星城住宅小区的建筑与景观设计

在我国城市人口密度越来越高、地产市场快速发展的情况下，土地使用必然寸土寸金，因此如何最大限度地充分利用土地，同时还要满足居民对城市、小区景观绿化环境的要求是摆在我们规划工作者面前不容回避的问题。     

新形势下全面推进城市建设管理体制改革

我国社会经济的快速向前发展,给城市建设管理带来了巨大的压力,老旧的城市建设管理制度也愈发难满足社会经济继续快速稳定发展的需要,亟需改革。十八届三中全会之后,我国将进入全面深化改革的新阶段,对城市建设的市场化、协调机制和监管机制等方面的全面深化改革,也势在必行。     

充分重视城市公用事业安全

改革开放以来，特别是自上个世纪90年代以来，随着我国城市化进程的不断加快，供水、供热、燃气、公共交通等城市公用事业也同步全面、快速地发展。城市公用事业的发展状况已成为衡量城市经济社会发展水平的重要标志和指标。作为与人民群众日常生产生活最密切相关的城市重要基础设施城市公用事业，其提供的是基础性、普遍性的公共服务，     

Urban policy,economic policy,and the growth of large cities in China

It is argued that despite a Chinese national urban policy large cities are still growing rapidly. Policy implementation is considered weak. It is suggested that a better strategy for increased urbanization in large Chinese cities would include integrating urban with economic policy, improving urban facilities, and planning and managing large cities. A short review is given of theories on city size and development in developing countries. Chinese economic reforms and their impact on urban growth are described. During 1978-90 the level of urbanization rose from 17.9% to 26.4%. Five periods during 1949 to present are identified as exhibiting distinct development profiles. Over the 40 year period, policies pertaining to cities of a particular population size changed constantly. During the early 1950s, development focused on major coastal cities and newly expanding industrial centers. After the 1950s and the Great Leap Forward (1958-60), rural areas and small urban places were the focus of Maoist development. Large cities were de-emphasized. The early 1970s emphasized the development of rural industries and small urban places in order to reduce rural-urban inequalities. A national urban policy was prepared in the early 1980s. The aim was to control the size of large cities, to develop medium sized cities, and to develop small cities. This policy was amended later and is now China's Urban Planning Law. However, the percentage of the nonagricultural population (NAP) living in cities of a million or more persons increased from 37.5% in 1978 to 41.6% in 1990. The share of NAP living in small cities increased to 21.5% in 1990. Temporary migrants were an estimated 5-15% of large city populations. Most cities were beyond their population control limit. Large cities had served important roles in development: greater efficiency in the industrial labor force and more profits; centers for culture, education, politics, and transportation; and links to foreign countries. Economic reforms fueled growth. At present controlled growth is an obstacle to economic development in large cities. Improvement is needed in urban management.     

广州城市空间结构演变下的住区分布研究

以广州城市空间结构演变为背景,从经济学上探讨住区分布的形成原因与演变趋势,并结合广州城市发展的实际情况,寻求可行的住区分布优化调整措施,进而起到促进城市空间结构的优化并推动城市经济发展的作用。     

Japanese urban sociology: Development and current trends

This article focuses on current trends in Japanese urban sociology as they developed historically. They can be understood in the distinctive context of Japanese sociology, as the products of an interaction between Western sociological theories and their adaptation to Japan’s own materials. The article begins with the historical context of urban development and provides an overview of the development of urban studies in Japan, including issues in the theory of urbanization, the distinctive character of the neighborhood association, Cbonaikai, and the formation of new local communities in suburban areas. The current trends since the 1980s involve the macro approach to urban restructuring, studies on urban ethnicity, and social network analysis. Overall, it is suggested that the influence of American sociology makes Japanese urban analysis comparative. I thank Claude S. Fischer and Tazuko Hanzawa for their help with editing this paper. Remain-ing deficiencies are mine.     

论公共政策视角下城市规划的价值取向

城市规划具有公共政策的属性,实质上是一种公共政策,研究其价值取向,既是城市规划理论发展的应有之义,也是新时期我国城市发展的现实需要。在分析城市规划公共政策属性的基础上,结合我国城市规划向公共政策的转型,着重探讨了公共政策视角下城市规划的公共价值取向、民主参与取向、人本取向和空间正义取向。     

Conflicts in urban fringe in the transformation era: An examination of performance of the metropolitan growth management in Beijing

The performances of urban growth management are often criticized because their original objectives are frequently inconsistent with local development facts. Underlying the many reasons for this are the political and institutional contexts that influence policy-making and development activities. The urban fringe, a zone is managed to against urban sprawl in many countries, represents the conflicts between urban management system and local development resulting from political transformation. This study examines the case of decentralised-concentration strategy, one of the most important metropolitan growth management in Beijing since the 1990s, and sheds some lights on the performance of the growth management in the transformation context. The results suggest that the aims of municipal growth management to concentrate developments in urban fringe have partly been achieved through actual local developments; however, some unexpected and illegal local developments outside the planned areas are counterproductive from the perspective of municipal growth management. The performance of the present growth management is being challenged by new trends towards political decentralisation and locally fiscal responsibilities. In the interest of future policymaking, the dominant central planning system in Beijing should take these decentralisation trends into growth management account, compared with the great progress in decentralisation in economy system. The urban policy needs to shift from the dictatorial manner and put more efforts into creating a harmonious relationship between municipal growth management and actual local demands on development.     

Regional disparities in bonding and bridging social capital: An empirical study of rural and urban Japan

This article investigates regional social capital development by focusing on disparities in bonding and bridging social capital among rural and urban areas of Japan. Rural–urban differences in social capital in Western contexts have been discussed by many studies. Their main finding is that bonding social capital is richer in rural areas and bridging social capital is richer in urban areas. However, the empirical evidence presented in this article suggests that in Japan both bridging and bonding social capital are richer in rural than urban areas, diverging from traditional thinking about these two types of social capital. This finding suggests that urbanization and depopulation in rural areas of Japan have led to changes in people's behavior and their demand for social networks, promoting the development of bridging social capital in rural areas.     

Development of urban behaviour is associated with time since urbanization in a reed-nesting waterbird

Behavioural adaptations are recognized as crucial determinants for successful establishment and persistence of animal populations in a novel urban environment. Here, we examined mechanisms responsible for the development of urban behavioural type in a common waterbird, the Eurasian coot Fulica atra. We compared the behaviour of coots from a rural population and two urban populations that differed in the timing of colonization event (1960s vs. 2000s). We found that some behavioural characters associated with urban life (aggression during nest defence and boldness towards humans during foraging) were more strongly expressed in the older urban population when compared with the recently established urban population. By contrast, coots from the two urban populations showed a similar likelihood of exploiting human-derived food resources, as well as they showed similar levels of physiological stress. Urban coots were generally more aggressive, bolder, and less stressed than their rural conspecifics. Large behavioural and physiological divergence of coots from the recently established urban population and their rural conspecifics suggested that phenotypic plasticity and phenotype sorting may play a key role in the initial stages of urban colonization. On the other hand, increasing expression of boldness and aggression with the time since urbanization may suggest the role of microevolutionary adaptation in response to novel selective forces associated with the urban environment. Our results indicate that a combination of different processes (phenotypic plasticity, phenotype sorting, and microevolution) can determine successful colonization of urban areas by the Eurasian coots, and possibly other bird species.     

Large urban developments as the new driver for land development in Jeddah

Land development in most Saudi cities including Jeddah is generated by formal land subdivision and informal land development usually referred to as unplanned settlements. Both types of developments contributed to urban sprawl and other urban challenges. Jeddah Municipality attempted to improve land development by encouraging large urban developments. Recently, Jeddah Municipality approved four large urban developments which appear to manifest encouraging implications for urban growth and land development that this paper aims to explore. The paper examines the policy and market contexts that govern land development in general and large urban developments in particular, in order to pave the way to uncover their implications for city growth and land development. The data gathered for this purpose is drawn from published and unpublished reports from relevant authorities. It is found that large urban developments as new mechanisms of land development appear incapable of overcoming key challenges that face city growth and existing land development.     

Small business development in remote rural areas: The example of mature manufacturing firms in Northern England

There is a growing interest in the potential contribution of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) to rural economic development, as reflected in the Rural Development Commission's strategy for the 1990s. Using some evidence on the development of mature manufacturing SMEs in remoter rural areas during the 1980s and comparing them with similar urban based firms, the paper shows that whilst there was little difference between the rural and urban SMEs in terms of their growth performance when measured by sales turnover, the rural firms generated significantly more jobs. This indicates a different relationship between SME growth and employment generation in different geographical environments. SMEs in remote rural areas are shown to pursue rather different development paths than their urban counterparts resulting from the way in which they adjust to the opportunities and constraints afforded by their local operating environments. The main section of the paper focuses on three particular kinds of adaptation: (i) to local market conditions, and in particular on the ability of SMEs to make the transition into national and international markets; (ii) to local labour market conditions, including various qualitative characteristics of rural labour such as skill levels and functional flexibility; and (iii) to the lack of an industrial milieu, especially the limited opportunities for externalising production. The paper concludes by raising some concerns about the longer term competitiveness of SMEs in remote rural areas including low levels of labour productivity, technological backwardness and skill levels within the workforce.     

Urban Aboriginal and First Nations perspectives on casinos and the First Nations gaming industry in Alberta,Canada

There is a surprising paucity of information about urban Aboriginal gambling behaviours and practices, considering that the urban Aboriginal community is the fastest-growing demographic group in Canada and that indigenous people have some of the highest rates of gambling and problem gambling. Interpreting the focus group findings from First Nations and urban Aboriginal participants in Alberta, this study provides insights into urban Aboriginal and rural First Nations attitudes to gambling and the perceived value of the provincial First Nations gaming industry. Although the First Nations focus groups were aware of gambling's associated positive and negative outcomes, they were generally supportive of their communities' decision to pursue casinos. The urban Aboriginal focus group, however, identified little positive about the casinos, even if its participants supported the First Nations' capacity to pursue casino development. These tensions demand policymakers' attention.