游憩空间与休闲文化

游憩空间，是西方国家近现代城市发展过程中的产物。它起源于18世纪的杂志、咖啡馆和音乐室中，之后持续发展，至19世纪的城市街心公园、运动场和假日旅游之中，到20世纪初已成为城市建设与规划必不可少的内容，20世纪六七十年代后，游憩空间的规划设计与模式的多样性，也成为衡量一个国家生活质量的标准之一。     

启蒙与大地崇拜:文学的乡村

乡村不仅是一个地理概念、生态空间,至少在文学史上,乡村同时是一个独特的文化空间。作为一个相对于城市的区域——乡村与城市的差别逐渐被纳入传统与现代的对立。然而,文学之中的乡村隐含了多重涵义——这个文化空间的复杂程度远远超出了传统与现代的二元结构。对于中国古典文学来说,乡村与现代性之间的矛盾远未显露。中国古典文学显然是农业文明的一个支脉。乡村意象构成了古典诗词的重要内容。到了20世纪初期,现代思想的启蒙提供了城市再认识的条件。但是,相当长的时间里,文学仍然不愿意坦然地认可城市与现代性的联系。随着农民成为革命…     

基于“奥运会大事件”驱动的里约城市空间再构及其对中国的启示

"奥运会大事件"是用于城市空间生产的策略工具。从20世纪20年代里约的第一个国际化体育赛事——南美足球竞标赛促使里约城市发生转型开始,里约一直走在事件促发城市空间更新的路途上。2016年,里约奥运会大事件推进了里约城市空间的演变,给城市发展带来了新的机遇和联动效应。里约政府与地方资本结成"增长联盟",驱动了里约城市空间的再构。本文分析了奥运会大事件影响下里约城市区域的空间复兴和城市空间布局、贫民窟的城市—社会空间变革等3个方面的空间再构,并指出体育设施布局、交通基础设施建设等影响里约城市空间结构的物质要素。     

郊区化背景下:广州市中心区与郊区的关系

郊区化指人口、就业岗位和服务业从大城市中心向郊区迁移的离心分散过程。郊区化现象20世纪20年代在美、英等发达国家相继出现,20世纪80年代中期我国一些城市化水平较高的大城市,如北京、上海、广州等也相继进入郊区化阶段,郊区化逐渐成为我国大城市最具长远影响的趋势性变化。郊区化是城市聚集一扩散效应传导机制作用下城市空间扩展的结果,是城市化进程的必然趋势。它预示着现代城市发展的分野,     

地图帝国主义:空间、殖民与地球规治

地图不是对地理空间的再现,而是人们对地理空间的主观解释.而对空间的解释,直接关系着对这个空间的使用和占有方式.现代殖民帝国兴起于欧洲"地理大发现".伴随着对地球空间的重新理解,帝国也开始了对新空间的占取和利用.因此,16—19世纪代表性的欧洲地图作品,不但是殖民帝国新地理知识的体现,也是其殖民权力和帝国意识形态的体现.本文从地图切入,讨论殖民主义、帝国主义与国际法权力的空间机理.从开拓商路到占领殖民地,现代帝国的兴起伴随着早期经济全球化的进程.与传统帝国不同,现代殖民帝国源起于对地理空间的新认知,也带来了一系列重塑空间秩序的行为.全球空间被整体纳入资本主义生产体系,在资本主导的生产-运输-消费链条中,形成相互关系和等级次序.同时,为这种秩序辩护的欧洲国际法也在地理空间的重塑过程中诞生和发展.15世纪后兴起的欧洲地图学则是这一系列变化最为鲜明的视觉表现.     

拓展与优化城市公共空间的思考

一、引言 一般认为,城市公共空间是城市中面向公众开放使用和进行各种活动的空间,是社会、经济、文化、科技、自然、地理气候等多种因素综合作用于城市的物质形态表现;是由各种实体(道路、街区、建筑物、树木、广场、绿地和其他设施等)共同构成的城市空间.     

面向绿色智慧城市的地下空间研究

<正>1991年11月,日本《东京宣言》提出21世纪是利用地下空间的世纪。2010年以来,以地铁、综合管廊、地下商业等产业为主导的城市地下空间开发建设已经成为推动中国新型城镇化和城市经济稳定、持续发展的重要力量,是扩大城市内需、挖掘经济潜力和促进城市产业动能的新兴领域。中国城市人口激增,城市土地资源有限,城市空间匮乏,已成为世界上地下空间开发量最大的国家。地下空间     

基于城市经济联系强度的辽宁省城市群发展研究

一、引言 20世纪90年代以来,随着城市化进程的快速推进,我国进入城市化的加速发展阶段。进入21世纪,我国的人口和经济活动以更大的规模、更快的速度向城市集聚,城市空间形态由单体型城市向都市圈、城市带等组合城市形态转变。城市群概念被越来越广泛地加以使用,城市群在区域发展中的作用越来越受到人们的重视。     

欧美大城市空间扩展对我国城市扩展的启示

一、欧美大城市的空间扩展 自从20世纪初开始,欧美等发达国家的主要城市,开始了一轮"城市空间扩展运动",并且经历了四个典型的阶段:第一阶段是人口的向外扩展;第二阶段是制造加工业的向外扩展;第三阶段是商业零售业的向外扩展;第四阶段是办公行政的向外扩展.其特点主要表现为:     

上海大都市地区新城发展与规划的思考——以上海南桥新城规划为例

一、上海大都市地区新城发展的基本概况 20世纪90年代以来,尤其是随着国家提出"以上海浦东开发、开放为龙头,进一步开放长江沿岸城市,尽快把上海建成国际经济、金融、贸易中心之一,带动长江三角洲和整个长江流域地区经济的新飞跃"的要求,上海的城市功能和性质发生了巨大的变化,并导致上海城市发展空间及功能布局的根本性变化.     

Alligators in the sewer,dragons in the well and Freud in the toilet

One of the most popular of all urban legends is the story about alligators in the sewers of New York (abbreviated AIS story). While previous investigations have been concerned with the historical origins of AIS stories, this article is concerned with developing a psychoanalytic explanation which accounts for the continuing popularity of such stories. In developing such an explanation, this article makes use of the association between‘penis’ and ‘feces,’ an association that is very likely among the earliest associations formed in the human mind. Given the penis = feces association, and given Freud's suggestion that the young child will typically take defecation as a model for castration, it is argued that AIS stories are ultimately concerned with castration. The fact that ‘castration’ has different connotations for males and females helps to explain some of the details invariably incorporated into an AIS story. Finally, the argument developed in connection with modern AIS stories is used to provide a new perspective upon traditional English stories about dragons.     

Constructions of Europe in the run-up to the EU referendum in the UK

The paper reports findings from a focus group study on representations of Europe, conducted in England in the run-up to the UK EU referendum. Four themes were identified in the analysis: ‘cultured Europe’; ‘little Europe/global Britain’; ‘Europe as a cultural threat’; and ‘Eastern vs. Western Europe’. Analysis of these themes showed that Europe was an ambivalent identity category that could encapsulate contrary ideas such as cosmopolitanism/isolationism and cultural enrichment/undermining. Europe’s relation to Britain was also ambivalent in the data. Britain could be positioned as superior to Europe, sometimes being seen as closer to the ‘European essence’ in the context of the EU’s eastward expansion, which was seen as diluting European culture. But, Britain could also be seen as backward compared to the idea of cosmopolitan continental Europe. These different lines of argument and their ideological underpinnings are explored in the discussion of the findings.     

Reviewing the Relationship Between the Voluntary Sector and the State in Britain in the 1990s

There have been three major analytical reviews that have examined the voluntary–statutory relationship during the 1990s, one undertaken by government in 1990 and the other two independently in 1993 and 1996. This article suggests that an historical understanding of this relationship (especially in terms of its sociopolitical dimensions) is crucial, but was missing from the 1990 review and misrepresented by the 1993 review. The 1996 document has been subjected to harsh criticism, but it was arguably sounder in its understanding of this fundamental issue. The national compact between representatives of the voluntary sector and the state, launched at the end of 1998, has built upon the arguments put forward in 1996. However, the paper suggests that given the vexed history of partnership between the sectors and the extent to which the statutory sector has become the dominant partner at the end of the 20th century, it would be premature to be overly optimistic. The paper examines three major shifts in the voluntary–statutory relationship during the 20th century, before reviewing the 1990s' documents in more detail.     

Resiliency in the Aftermath of Repetitious Violence in the Workplace

Summary

The definition and occurrence of traumatic events is expanding and impacts everyone's lives in some way. The degree to which a violent event impacts an individual, a group, a workplace or the community varies. Unfortunately violent events are all too common. Businesses are realizing the significance of violence as a workplace problem and the varying degrees of trauma that has a devastating impact on employee retention, workplace functionality and personal well-being. The events can include industrial or natural disasters; worksite accidents; organizational changes; suicide; homicides; robbery; assault; threats of violence and even terrorism. How prepared an organization is varies and may be correlated with how resilient individuals and the entire workplace are after workplace violence/trauma. This article focuses on what workplace violence and trauma includes, the effects of repeat events, how resilient people are while trying to prevent additional events if possible in the workplace.     

Economic socialization in the kibbutz and the town in Israel

This study compared the economic understanding and attitudes of children living in the city with those living in a kibbutz, collective villages where an extreme socialist lifestyle is practised and preached. The differences in the answer patterns of the urban and kibbutz children were not very large, but the pattern was clear, and in keeping with the dominant ideology in both places: socialist in the kibbutz, middle-class capitalist in the city.     

Aesthetes in the marketplace: Collectors in the gun business

Marketplaces can provide settings for the appreciation of beauty and the creation of community. The author examines how gun collectors who buy and sell guns continue to see themselves as aesthetes rather than dealers. Gun collector-dealers turn economic encounters at commercial gun shows into occasions for teaching others the symbolic uses of guns — as artifacts, curios, andobjets d'art. Economic relations can produce aesthetic value even when the objects exchanged are conventionally defined as symbols of violence and not beauty.     

Interethnic marriages in the USSR in the mid-1930s

"The present article will attempt to determine the extent of interethnic marriage in the Soviet Union in the mid-1930s, utilizing materials from the Central Statistical Administration of the USSR." Interethnic marriage is analyzed according to Union Republic, rural or urban area, and socioeconomic and cultural development.     

Settlement evolution in the Arena society in the urban field

Post-modern spatial relationships at the outer edge of Toronto's urban field are interpreted within the context of the Arena Society and urban field concepts. Custom census tabulations of commuting and migration show that although there are strong migration ties between Toronto and communities in the south Georgian Bay study area, most work trips are short and link settlements to the next place up the local settlement hierarchy. Migration from rural townships to urban areas, and between communities in the study area is also significant. A case study of Thornbury demonstrates that it is an ‘Amenity/Affinity/Niche’ community as suggested by the two concepts. It has developed a strong retail/service sector in response to the post-modern conditions facilitating economic links to Toronto and the ‘Golden Horseshoe’, but has also attracted tourists and residents because of its accessible location and appealing amenity characteristics. Local diversification as suggested by the Arena Society concept has combined with the economic interaction proposed by the urban field literature to stimulate settlements in the study area. The Arena Society and urban field concepts are mirror images and should be employed together when interpreting post-industrial settlement evolution.     

Through the lens of the camera in remote mining sites in the Peruvian highlands

A freelance photography assignment took me to the remote mountain highlands of Peru in 1999, where, in addition to covering the brutal working conditions to which children and their parents are exposed in the mines, I learned about the myths and legends that permeate the lives of the miners. In sharing the myths and the lives of the inhabitants of the place, however, I must account for my role as an observer with a camera. In this paper I aim to provide a brief introduction to the culture, the myths and legends of the mining populations of the highlands as they were conveyed to me. I discuss some of the ethical concerns of using a camera to capture and convey child labour in the highlands and the ethics of photographic and humanitarian interventions.