农村劳动力就业问题是农村经济获得突破的关键——国内农村劳动力就业问题研究综述

农业问题在农业之外、农村问题在农村之外 ,农业的发展 ,依赖于农村剩余劳动力向外部转移的程度 ,很多著名学者都持有这样的观点。大量剩余劳动力滞留于农村 ,导致农业劳动生产率低下 ,农民收入难以增加 ;要转移这些剩余劳动力 ,必须推进城镇化进程。本文在综述了国内的研究进展后 ,提出对于农村劳动力就业问题 ,应进一步重点解决的问题。     

由甘肃省武山县农村剩余劳动力转移方式引发的思考

当前农村剩余劳动力转移问题已成为我国政府和社会关注的焦点,尤其像甘肃省武山县这样人多地少,农业绝对剩余劳动力过多的农业欠发达地区的劳动力转移问题,更是值得探讨和关注。这一问题的解决将直接关系到我国农村的兴衰,乃至我国社会整体的健康发展。本文在对甘肃省武山县农村剩余劳动力转移方式进行调查分析的基础上,提出了改进其现存劳动力转移方式的几点建议,即通过农业深层次开发,当地优势资源的规划利用等方式,增强农业、农村对剩余劳动力的吸纳能力,从而实现农业欠发达地区农村剩余劳动力的新型化就地转移。对这一新的转移模式的探析,对我国其它农业欠发达地区农村剩余劳动力转移方式也将有一定的启示意义。     

中国农业剩余劳动力转移的模式与发展趋势

农业剩余劳动力转移问题是中国农民、农村、农业问题的核心.本文分析了中国农业剩余劳动力转移面临的一系列问题,归纳总结了改革开放以来中国农业剩余劳动力转移的各种成功的模式,分析了今后中国农业剩余劳动力转移发展趋势.     

农业产业化:我国农业剩余劳动力转移的新趋势

一、引言 改革开放以来,我国农业剩余劳动力的转移取得了举世瞩目的成就。尽管如此,目前仍有1亿多农业剩余劳动力滞存于农村,农业劳动力的就业形势依然十分严峻。曾对剩余劳动力转移发挥过巨大作用的几种主要途径,其吸纳劳动力的能力从80年代开始程度不一地下降。这使我们无法对农业剩余劳动力转移持乐观态度。可以说,我国已面临着重新选择农业剩余劳动力转移道路这一重大战略问题。     

农村剩余劳动力转移的较好途径——农村建筑队进入长春市的调查

<正> 随着农村经济责任制的全面落实,农业劳动生产率有了较大幅度提高,农村剩余劳动力问题逐渐突出。解决农村剩余劳动力,应因地制宜,采取多种形式。事实上,目前部分农民已经投身到各种就业领域中去,他们办工厂、开商店、搞建筑、运输、兴办服务业和发展多种经营,以逐步实现农村剩余劳动力的转移。本文通过农村建筑队进入长春市的调查,对农村剩余劳动力这一转移形式做一分析。     

我国农业剩余劳动力出路的若干思考

我国农村城镇化进程缓慢 ,滞后了第三产业的发展 ,在很大程度上也阻碍了农业劳动力向非农产业的转移 ,而且今后一段时间我国农村劳动力的绝对量会大幅度增加 ,这就使得农村的就业问题显得尤为突出。大力推行农业产业化 ,实现农产品的多层次增值和劳动力的多渠道就业 ,同时大力开发小城镇 ,扩大第三产业规模 ,是促使农业剩余劳动力实现产业和空间转移的途径     

吉林省农村剩余劳动力的测算及转移对策探讨

实现农村剩余劳动力的合理转移,全面提高农村生活水平,是建设全面小康社会的必然途径和重要目标。利用定量方法测度了吉林省农村劳动力的剩余状况,测算结果表明,改革开放初期吉林省农业剩余劳动力一直呈增长的态势,2003年后农业剩余劳动力超过200万人。农业剩余劳动力的大量积累给农村经济的发展带来了巨大的阻力。根据吉林省农村剩余劳动力的动态变化过程,分析了剩余劳动力产生的深层原因,并据此对吉林省农村剩余劳动力的转移给出了一些对策和政策建议。     

现阶段我国农业主产区的剩余劳动力转移特征探析

农业主产区是我国重要的农业生产区,农村剩余劳动力问题在农业主产区尤其突出,探讨我国农业主产区的剩余劳动力转移特征,意义重大.本文从剩余劳动力转移的规模和数量、转移的地域特征、产业特征及特移的效益特征等方面出发,探讨了现阶段我国农业主产区剩余劳动力的转移特征.     

中国农村经济发展与剩余劳动力

本文论述了农村和农业经济的发展、农村体制改革与就业结构的变化 ,并探讨农村剩余劳动力的问题 ,同时指出农业剩余劳动力转移是促进农村经济发展的必然规律。     

新型城镇化过程中农村剩余劳动力转移就业研究

本文对新型城镇化建设过程中的农村剩余劳动力转移就业问题进行了深入的探讨和研究。针对目前我国城镇化过程中面临的农村剩余劳动力转移就业问题,提出在城镇化、工业化、农业现代化三化协调发展中稳步推进新型城镇化建设是促进农村剩余劳动力转移就业问题有效解决的根本途径,而在"三化"协调发展中逐步推出和完善城镇化相关配套政策和措施则是解决农村剩余劳动力转移就业问题的基本保障。     

The Analysis on the Potential and Trend of the Non-agricultural Transfer of Chinese Rural Labor in the Following 20 Years

The non-agriculturalization of rural labors,which has caught much research attention,is an ecessary phenomenonin the process of urbanization. However, conflicts exsitson some basic issues due to the disagreement on the concept and data of the rural non-agricultural labor force,and there is alack of systemic and quantitative research on the potentials of rural labor’s non-agricultural transfer in the future. By predicting the changing trend of future rural labor force, the demand for agricultural labors, and the trend of rural labor’s non-agricultural transfer, this paper estimated the potentials of Chinese rural labor’s non-agricultural transfer in the next 20 years. It found that the surplus labors in the countryside will decrease annually, and its total number will range between 100 million and 250 million by 2030. Although there is still some increase potential of the stock of rural labor’s non-agricultural transfer in the near future, its increase will approach to zero in 10 years, and rural transferrable surplus labor will also approach to zero in about 5 to 10 years.     

农村劳动力过量转移的原因和对策——以鲁庄为例

在对鲁庄剩余劳动力转移状况调查的基础上,文章指出鲁庄剩余劳动力转移已经过量,威胁到农村和农业的发展。文章认为农民负担过重、积累能力低下、恶劣的竞争地位是过量转移的原因,在此基础上文章指出增加对农村资本投入、对乡村治理体制进行改革,减轻农民负担、促进农民的组织化是解决过量转移问题的政策性选择。     

[Prospects for China's labor transfer].]

Using 1982 census data for China, the authors analyze the movement of the country's labor force from the agricultural sector into the industrial and service sectors during the past 30 years. From 1952 to 1982, the agricultural labor force declined relative to other sectors, while the absolute number of agricultural workers increased and is expected to continue to increase. Three projections of agricultural labor force trends for the next 20 years are outlined. It is suggested that the development of the service sector will help to absorb the large volume of surplus labor, given the saturation of labor markets in agriculture and existing industries.     

[The movement of rural labor and the establishment of small towns as suggested by factors of production].]

The movement of the labor force from rural areas into urban areas, specifically into small cities and towns, is examined using data from a survey of the Yiyang area of China. It is noted that a surplus in the agricultural labor force has resulted from changes in agricultural productivity. Consequently, the authors point out, farmers are either transferring from rural areas into industrial and service sectors in small cities and towns or are remaining in the rural areas to be employed by collective enterprises. Advantages and disadvantages of these trends are discussed.     

The population problems in the countryside of China from the viewpoint of ecological economy]

There is a very close relationship between the population and the economy. The economy is the foundation for the existence and development of the population. Different socioeconomic patterns will determine population rules and population development, they have a strong influence on the social economy and the development of the entire society, and they may control the pace of social and economic development. In the last 30 years, excessive population growth has caused a great many difficulties for Socialist construction, overburdened agriculture, and created an imbalance in agricultural ecology. In order to understand the relationship between the development of the agricultural population and agricultural production, we have to understand to dominant position held by people in an agricultural ecology system. People have to control their own reproduction and match it with the productivity of the agricultural ecology system. Unrestrained population growth in the countryside is the main reason for an imbalance in China's agricultural ecology. Urgent action is needed to control the population growth in the rural areas, to fully utilized the available labor force, to promote the level of agricultural productivity, and to provide more employment opportunities. The final goal is to match China's huge agricultural human resources with its rich resources. investment should be encouraged to increase the wisdom and quality of the agricultural population. Both the quality and quantity of the agricultural labor force should also match development of agricultural productivity. In this way, a normal condition of agricultural ecology may be maintained.     

新农保对中国农村老年人劳动时间供给的影响

随着农村青壮年劳动力大规模转移,我国农村劳动力老龄化趋势不断加剧,我国农业生产可持续发展面临挑战,在这一背景下对农村老年人劳动时间供给状况进行研究显得十分必要。从2009年开始我国实施了“新农保”政策,而这一政策的实施是否会对老年人农业劳动时间供给产生影响,如有则影响程度又如何呢？基于此本文运用倾向值匹配方法以控制老年人参与“新农保”的自选择所引起的内生性问题,利用农业部全国抽样调查数据分析了我国现行的“新农保”制度对于农村老年人劳动时间供给的影响。研究表明：农村老年人参与“新农保”后不会完全停止劳动供给,但会显著减少劳动时间;参与“新农保”的老年人劳动时间减少的幅度有限,老年人总劳动时间、农业劳动时间、外出从事非农劳动时间仅分别减少了7.06天、5.58天、3.53天;在相同的养老保障水平下老年人劳动时间减少程度在地区间呈现出“西部＞中部＞东部”的特点。     

农村剩余劳动力转移问题的再讨论

我国农村剩余劳动力是“三农”问题的核心 ,能否解决好其再就业问题成为中国农村改革成败的关键。本文对我国农村剩余劳动力的数量、城市化对解决剩余劳动力的效果、承包制和户籍制度对农村剩余劳动力的转移、政府基层组织对解决剩余劳动力转移的作用以及国际劳务输出等方面做了分析     

吉林省农村剩余劳动力省内转移空间分析

吉林省是我国重要的农业大省,2000年以来其农村劳动力数量一直居高不下,且呈不断上升趋势,可见,吉林省大量的剩余劳动力滞留在农村。而现阶段,吉林省内部转移空间狭小,无论是城镇还是农村内部对剩余劳动力的吸纳能力都比较弱,不仅低于全国平均水平,更无法与东部较发达地区相比。为此,我们有必要采取一定措施来拓展吉林省农村剩余劳动力的省内转移空间。     

劳动力供求形势转折之下的就业结构与产业结构调整

从2004年开始,随着"民工荒"的出现,中国劳动力供求形势发生重大转折,劳动力短缺的形势越来越严峻,覆盖面越来越广。因此,需要对过去的有关学术观点、政府政策进行重新审视和调整。本研究认为,从长期趋势看,第三产业对就业的影响程度最大,吸纳就业能力最强,但第二产业的就业贡献率和就业弹性指标快速上升,甚至超过第三产业,"民工荒"在第二产业中表现得更加突出;虽然第一产业目前仍是就业人数最多的产业,但由于农村人口结构中青壮年及新生人口比例的不断下降,青壮年劳动力供给不足将成为长期趋势,农村剩余劳动力转移的潜力已经不大。对此,应优先满足第三产业的劳动力需求,通过大力提高劳动生产率来实现第二产业的发展,并推动产业结构调整,适度控制劳动密集型产业盲目扩张的趋势,缓解用工需求不断扩大的趋势;同时,大力发展知识、技术密集型产业,为大学生提供更多的就业机会,缓解大学生就业难。     

新世纪初安徽省劳动力供给趋势及相关政策选择

新世纪初(2001-2010年),安徽省劳动力市场将主要表现为一种不均衡的状态,即安徽省自身劳动力供给与有效劳动力供给过剩,同时,劳动力供给结构与劳动力需求结构存在差异。本文通过对新世纪初安徽省劳动适龄人口、在校学生规模、外来劳动力人口、迁移人口以及老年就业人口发展状况的分析,预测新世纪初安徽省劳动力供给发展趋势。最后,在此基础上探讨了未来安徽省劳动力供给方面的就业政策选择。