“短板”淘汰式评标方法及其应用研究

国内外主要的评标方法是从综合评价的角度来选择优秀的投标人,忽略了中标人的劣势可能隐含的风险;最优秀的投标人应该是不能顺利完成工程建设的风险最小;不能顺利完成工程建设的风险常常取决于投标人的"短板"。本文提出基于识别个体劣势来发现投标人"短板"的方式,并依此形成一种"短板"淘汰式评标方法。本方法主要由整体挑剔和挑剔个体两个环节构成:通过整体挑剔,按照工程的目标价值取向,客观确定各指标的权重,对投标人进行排名;通过挑剔个体,剔除"短板"短的个体。本文还模拟了大伙房水库输水工程水源地堤防工程的评标。理论和模拟表明本方法具有科学性和可操作性,并能够降低工程的履约风险。     

THE STRUCTURE OF A STUDENT PROJECT COURSE

This paper describes the objectives, operating structure, and evaluation of a course entitled Operations Analysis and Management (OAM) 8–159, Quantitative Approaches to Administrative Problems. The purpose is to present the reader with an in-depth view of a project course in order to help an instructor decide whether or not a project course is desirable and feasible within his academic unit. Further, the paper presents some suggestions concerning what attributes are associated with a successful project course experience.     

科技类评审中项目选择的两阶段综合集成方法

科技类评审中,如何合理地选择出若干优秀项目加以资助或激励至关重要。本文研究了科技类评审中的项目选择问题,指出在目前通行的两阶段评议法中存在通讯评议阶段的决策信息不能有效传递到会议评议阶段的情况,应采用适当的方法将两个阶段专家给出的评价信息进行综合处理,以得到更为合理的项目评审结果,进而给出了两阶段综合集成的框架与具体方法。算例表明,可以更充分的利用两阶段的专家评价信息,得到满意的选择结果。     

东方系统方法论指导项目评价实践：科学性与艺术性的结合

针对西方评价方法论缺少系统性与灵活性的特点,提出东方系统方法论指导项目评价活动的理念。通过分析东方系统方法论对于项目评价实践的适应性,构建了项目评价决策概念模型和项目评价全过程模型,并以“知物理、明事理、通人理”为指导思想对项目评价全过程进行了系统分析。     

Impact of competitive conditions on supplier evaluation: a construction supply chain case study

This research proposes a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) framework and demonstrates the impact of competitive conditions on supplier evaluation process for construction supply chains. The paper focuses on the supply chain of a large-scale housing project in order to illustrate the role of competitive capability and suppliers’ profile and its influence on supplier evaluation based on prevailing supply/market conditions. Various scenarios are investigated to demonstrate the impact of competition on supplier evaluation. The contribution of the study lies in highlighting the impact of supply/market conditions on MCDM decisions causing supplier evaluation ‘imbalance’ and MCDM usage. It is expected that the study will be useful for project management, construction, supply chain management, sourcing professionals. The findings of the study are generalisable to projects-based situations such as petroleum refinery and ship building where bill of materials typically consists of thousands of items and a large number of suppliers are involved.     

Subjective estimation bias and PERT statistical procedures

This paper is an evaluation of alternative methods for reducing the impact of systematic bias in subjective estimates for PERT statistical procedures. As such, it represents an application of behavioural research to the improvement of a popular management science tool. The first section defines functions for analyzing the impact of behavioural research on PERT statistical procedures. The manner in which bias patterns impact on expected project costs is discussed. The second section presents several alternative proposals for improving PERT statistical procedures. The third section compares several of the most relevant studies of subjective estimation behaviour and evaluates their implications. Behavioural research in a variety of settings has demonstrated the predominance of a bias pattern that is likely to contribute to cost overruns when the project is expected to be behind schedule and cost penalties when ahead of schedule. The stability of the most common pattern argues for the superiority of including an adjustment constant in PERT statistical procedures as against the use of project monitoring of estimation behaviour.     

基于灰色理论的项目多目标决策模型及在造船工程中的应用

针对项目实施中多目标决策的复杂问题,以方案的灰色关联度作为评价准则,建立了灰色关联决策模型,并针对模型中如何确定相对理想方案的问题提出了解决方法。最后文章对该方法在造船工程中的应用进行了研究。     

风险条件下基于实物期权的研发项目多阶段评价模型

研发项目投资决策是现代企业研发管理的核心内容,对研发项目进行合理、准确的评估,具有高度的战略意义和现实意义.本文基于实物期权理论,考虑到研发项目投资的灵活性,结合研发项目的阶段性特征,综合分析了研发项目寿命期内面临的市场风险、技术风险和突发风险对研发项目潜在现金流的影响,构建了风险条件下研发项目多阶段评价模型.最后通过算例对模型进行验证、横向对比和敏感性分析,证实了模型的正确合理性.     

基于(k,y)空间技术分解的企业投资效率评价

目前国内外企业层次上综合投资效率评价的研究还是一个未探索的领域,现有企业业绩评价方法没有将投资效率列为评价的内容,对企业发展能力的评价呈现出明显的不合理。本文在相关领域投资效率评价方法以及对投资效率内涵界定的基础上,总结投资效率评价基本出发点,利用技术效率评价在(k,y)空间的投影来建立企业层次上综合投资效率的评价方法。在(k,y)空间内,可以识别并分解企业资产技术和运营效率,能够有效跟踪企业资产及相应运营效率的变化。在此基础上建立的投资效率评价指标融合了目前宏观经济和微观具体项目投资效率评价方法,反映的是企业投资活动对其经营效率的带动作用,能够准确评价企业投资效率的真实业绩。     

Learning from mixed OR method practice: The NINES case study

Despite continued interest in the use of mixed OR/MS methods, limited attention has been paid in the literature to generic lessons that could be gained from mixing methods in practice. Many organisational problems demand the use of a mixed method approach and thus recognising and sharing lessons could prove beneficial to both practitioners and researchers. This paper reports on an in-depth evaluation of a case study involving risk identification and quantification of the Northern Isles New Energy Solutions (NINES) project which sought to trial and plan a new energy system. The intervention involved a mixed method approach and client feedback on the efficacy of the approach was sought. The evaluation reported in this paper is carried out using a set of themes taken from the literature and seeks to highlight transferable lessons. The set of lessons that emerge are presented along with their implications for both general OR modelling practice and the specific situation of mixing OR/MS methods. The paper concludes by discussing the implications of the work and directions for future work which will be of interest to both practitioners and researchers interested in mixed method OR/MS work.     

基于FNN的软件项目绩效评价模型研究

从分析软件项目绩效评价指标体系不完善、评价方法不规范和模型考虑因素过于单一入手,应用统计分析理论建立软件组织状态、软件项目自身特征的指标体系;以文献研究的方式,界定软件项目绩效的内涵;提出了一种新的网络拓扑结构设计方法,建立了基于模糊神经网络的软件项目绩效评价模型;引入改进粒子群学习算法,准确高效地解决了评价模型连接权系数的确定问题。实证研究表明,该模型能够有效地评价软件项目绩效和识别项目风险因素,对软件组织制定风险规避策略、改善项目绩效水平、提供了决策支持信息。     

关于大型社会项目管理的系统思考

本文试图应用物理-事理-人理系统观点,结合作者参与的世界银行对中国实施支持的中国劳动力市场建设“职业培训与劳动力市场建设”项目之子项目“中国劳动力市场监测、评估与经验传播”项目的部分监测、评估分析策略方案设计工作,借鉴美国、世界银行及一些发展中国家监测、评价管理大型社会项目经验方法,探讨如何在我国进行有效管理评价大型社会项目。     

A mathematical model for industrial project evaluation

Different approaches to the evaluation of alternative industrial projects range from listing of subjective factors for use as guidelines on the one hand to construction of mathematical models with quantitative objective data on the other. This paper presents the method of developing a comprehensive model with all relevant factors, both subjective and objective. The approach used here is to identify and evaluate all important objective and subjective factors on consideration of the macro-level national objectives as well as the micro-economic investment criteria for each alternative project, and to convert them into consistent and dimensionless indices which are finally combined together to yield the appropriate project measure of utility in each case for comprehensive evaluation. Thus, the model, presented here, can provide a new tool for industrial project evaluation and also for establishing priorities among projects competing for allocation of resources.     

风险条件下研发项目改进DEA选择模型

研发项目是企业提高竞争力的关键,研发项目选择关系到企业的战略和未来发展趋势。研发项目在生命周期内面临技术风险、突发风险和市场风险,本文考虑到研发项目的风险特征,结合企业战略,构建了基于效率排序的研发项目选择模型。首先,本文对研发项目的有效性和相对于其它备选项目的相对优势进行分析;然后针对数据包络分析模型排序的不足,结合平衡计分卡理念,规范研发项目投入的比例,引入实物期权理论,改进数据包络分析模型,实现了对研发项目的效率排序;最后通过实际算例对模型进行验证、横向对比和敏感性分析,结果表明：相对于标准数据包络分析模型,本文提出的模型具有更高的效率区分度,并且能够敏感地捕捉到研发项目投入和产出的变化对效率影响的演变过程。     

Bringing Social Standards into Project Evaluation Under Dynamic Uncertainty

Society often sets social standards that define thresholds of damage to society or the environment above which compensation must be paid to the state or other parties. In this article, we analyze the interdependence between the use of social standards and investment evaluation under dynamic uncertainty where a negative externality above a threshold established by society requires an assessment and payment of damages. Under uncertainty, the party considering implementing a project or new technology must not only assess when the project is economically efficient to implement but when to abandon a project that could potentially exceed the social standard. Using real-option theory and simple models, we demonstrate how such a social standard can be integrated into cost-benefit analysis through the use of a development option and a liability option coupled with a damage function. Uncertainty, in fact, implies that both parties interpret the social standard as a target for safety rather than an inflexible barrier that cannot be overcome. The larger is the uncertainty, in fact, the greater will be the tolerance for damages in excess of the social standard from both parties.     

基于量子二项式模型的实物期权估值算法

研究分析二项式期权定价模型,发现陈泽乾的量子模型新公式与经典CRR公式是互补存在的,有着各自不同的适用范围;进而提出基于量子二项式模型的实物期权估值算法,该算法有机地结合了量子模型新公式和经典CRR公式;最后给出了一个数值示例。     

基于实物期权的研发项目动态投资决策模型

本文基于实物期权理论,针对研发项目阶段性特点,结合博弈论的思想,分析了多个研发项目组成的投资状态组合,构建了研发项目动态选择模型。首先,根据研发项目多阶段的特征,利用孪生证券的思想,基于实物期权理论,建立了项目中止决策准则;在此基础上分析研发项目的投资决策状态,建立了二十五个状态的切换场景;然后通过实际算例对模型进行验证和分析,得出了研发项目投资的影响范围概念图,最终实现两个项目的最优投资决策目标。     

Applying a fuzzy analytic network process to construct a purchase project. A case for the purchase of a slicing diamond cutting machine

In this paper we propose a fuzzy extension of the analytic network process (ANP) that uses uncertain human preferences as input information in the project evaluation of precision diamond cutting machines. The resulting fuzzy ANP enhances the potential of the ANP for dealing with imprecise and uncertain human comparison judgments. It allows for multiple representations of uncertain human preferences, as crisp, interval, and fuzzy judgments and can find a solution from incomplete sets of pair-wise comparisons. An important feature of the proposed method is that it measures the inconsistency of the uncertain human preferences by an appropriate consistency index. Simultaneously, process capability indices are presented to demonstrate and verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed methods. In the future, the proposal can provide the best way to control and calculate effective purchasing of diamond cutting machines for wafer slicing by project buyers. This purchasing project will save cost and ease the case of purchase.     

科学基金项目立项评估:综合评价信息可靠性的多指标证据推理规则研究

公正合理的科研项目立项评估与选择是国家自然科学基金管理活动的关键环节。综合考虑科研项目的评估指标体系和选择流程,提出了利用历史评估准确性度量专家提供信息可靠性的方法,进而提出了一种系统性的基于证据推理规则的科学基金项目评估决策模型。该模型使用证据推理合成规则对多专家多指标评估信息进行集结。在集结过程中：充分考虑评估指标的权重以及评估等级的多样性;鉴于参与项目评估的专家具有不同的知识背景和经验,提出利用历史评估结果的准确性衡量专家提供的评价信息可靠性的方法;应用信度分布表征项目的整体评价结果,包含了更丰富的信息。国家自然科学基金项目评估的实例分析证明了该评估决策模型的有效性。     

基于信号传递过程中学习效应的联合创业投资决策

由于创业投资项目的产出具有较强的不确定性,单个创业投资公司受自身资源的制约很难对项目做出准确的评估,通常需要联合其他创业投资公司进行联合投资。文章从信息经济学的视角出发,通过引入创业投资家的风险规避成本、努力成本和战略收益,建立联合创业投资决策的三阶段模型,应用信号传递中的学习效应分析了创业投资中的联合投资决策过程。主导型创业投资公司通过接收跟随型创业投资公司对投资项目的评估信号,利用贝叶斯法则修正先验概率,然后再重新调整对项目的评估,通过联合投资伙伴间信号传递的学习效应寻找联合创业投资的合作区间,进而提高创业投资的成功率。最后,通过算例分析验证了理论模型的有效性。