蒙元耀的《远古的追忆:壮族创世神话古歌研究》出版

如同人类乐意憧憬未来一样,人们也非常愿意回望久远的洪荒时代,探究世界与人类的起源。创世神话是人类童年的回忆。追忆人类的童年,自然要研究民族的创世神话。每个民族因自身生存的环境不同,谋生方式不一样,他     

《回族文化史》序

广义地说 ,文化史是指人类改造自然环境、适应自身生存和发展的一切活动痕迹 ,它囊括了社会生产、社会生活的全部领域 ,涵盖了物质文化与精神文化范畴的各个层面 ,构成人类历史发展的基本内容。从这个意义上讲 ,少数民族文化史也是一部记载少数民族生存和发展的开发史。云南是多民族的边疆省区 ,长期以来各个民族共同开发了祖国边疆的历史 ,创造了绚丽多姿的物质文化与精神文化。回族是云南少数民族中人口较多、较为分散的民族之一 ,回族文化有其产生和发展的悠久历史 ,回族文化史反映了回族社会文明进程中的动态轨迹。狭义地说 ,它是一门专…     

创世神话与少数民族心理、文化刍议

创世神话是以描述宇宙万物的综合创造为主的神话。在我国少数民族中保留传承着大量的创世神话。创世神话是形成民族共同心理的一个重要因素,它影响甚至支配了人们千百年来的精神生活。创世神话还具有民族认同符号的功能。创世神话在原始文化中具有重要地位,而原始文化又是各少数民族文化的母体及源头。创世神话包罗宗教、哲学、伦理、审美及科学于一身,作为观念形态的统一体而发挥其社会功能。     

壮侗语民族的创世神话及其特征——盘古神话来源问题研究之五

包括壮、布依、侗、水、仫佬、毛南、黎等民族在内的壮侗语民族是华南珠江流域的原住民族。壮侗语民族中有丰富的创世神话,包括开天辟地创世神话、化身创世神话和洪荒时代兄妹结婚再造人类神话,这些创世神话具有原始性、共同性、普遍性、体系性、序列性和延续性的特征。壮侗语民族创世神话的这些特征与考古学发现的这一地区从旧石器时代到新石器时代以至文明时代都有古人类活动,并且与他们所创造的文化序列性及一脉相承性相吻合,也说明了壮侗语民族是这些神话的创造者。这些神话可能就是盘古神话的主要来源。     

侗族传统文化的主体精神论析

<正> 侗族传统文化是侗族人世代创造和传承下来的物质文化、精神文化和制度文化的总和。而侗族传统文化的民族主体精神则是侗族优秀文化传统中所固有的一种历史文化优秀传统,它始终是维系、协调和推动侗民族的生存和发展的精神支柱,它反映着侗民族的整体精神面貌和根本性格。侗族各种文化形态中的优秀文化传统所体现出来的民族主体精神,具有多方面的要素和内容,笔者认为它至少有如下几个主要方面: 一是在人与自然的关系上所体现出来的“能动精神”。这是人区别于动物的特殊能动性。这种精神广泛地含藏于侗族祖先的创世史诗、神话、传说、歌谣和民间故事之中。在侗     

中国西部突厥语民族创世神话母题文化阐释

本文以中国西部突厥语民族代表性创世神话为例,分析这类创世神话与人类在起源上相关性神话母题的特征和突厥语族创世神话呈现出的在特定历史、宗教背景下的文化形态,探讨了在这些神话中渗透出的鲜明的民族性和浓厚的地方特色,阐释了西部突厥语族创世神话母题的文化意义。     

乡村振兴视域下少数民族体育文化传承与创新路径

在民族传统体育历史的发展过程中，少数民族背负着对自身、人与人、人与社会、人与自然的独特思考，生态伦理作为人与自然的道德规范，也是人类生态智慧的结晶。在生态文明建设中促进民族传统体育的生态发展。从文化发展的角度解读体育生态伦理，实际上从新的视角挖掘传统体育现代功能的深层，是对传统体育资源的开发和传承的补充。它促使人类重新审视自己的自然生态条件，从自身体育行为的生理和心理方面做出科学选择，为少数民族传统体育文化的现代传承和发展开辟新的道路。     

浅谈藏族文化与环境

文化与环境，这是受历史制约的社会现象，反映并影响人类生存和发展、认识和利用各种天然的和经过人工改造的自然因素的总方式。它们植根于人们同大自然之间积极地相互作用的全过程中。每个民族的文化是社会和人类发展的最高表现，其发展的程度，也是衡量这个民族的人和自然分离的程度。因为有思维能量的人的缘故，自然演化为文化，正因为有文化的缘故，人类才找到了真正的人的本质以及人在自然界中应有的地位及积极作用。当人们理性地整理和组织实践经验，又通过主观能动，力图使之成为人类生活中较为稳定的成份，也成为反映并影响社会发展…     

贵州布依族民居美

作为建筑文化形态特征的布依族民居,如同贵州其它少数民族民居一样,伴随着人类文明史的进程而发展。它的风姿,展示和映照着布依族人民改造自然、创建家园的勇敢精神;也体现了勤劳与审美智慧的创造成果。这对于我们今天研究和发展文化、建筑及艺术,都有着深刻的启迪。     

论中华民族的多元民族文化观

民族文化观是人们对一个民族包括自身民族与他民族文化的观念、态度和价值取向。中华民族的多元文化观产生于多元的文化起源,形成于多民族长期的接触与交往。它既有多元的特征,也有一体的特征。在历史上,这种文化态度对中国各民族团结、国家和平统一以及社会发展都发挥了积极的作用。在世界格局与中国社会发生重大变革的当今社会,多元民族文化观依然具有很强的现实意义。     

壮族布洛陀文化研究的拓展与提升

壮族敬奉布洛陀为创世神、文化英雄,是珠江流域原住民族的人文始祖,吴有历史的悠久性、强烈的信仰性、鲜明的活态性和价值的多元性.布洛陀文化的研究已取得了丰硕的成果,需要进一步的拓展与提升.     

生态环境与云南藏族的文化适应

本文在对云南藏族进行深入调查的基础上 ,从生产方式、生活方式、自然资源管理机制和婚姻家庭模式等方面 ,阐述了云南藏族对其所处生态环境的文化适应。文章认为 ,文化是一个民族对周围的自然环境和社会环境的适应性体系。文化与自然的互动或文化对自然的适应可被称为生态文化 ,生态文化是一个民族对生活于其中的自然环境的适应性体系 ,它包括民族文化体系中所有与自然环境发生互动关系的内容 ,主要是这个民族的宇宙观、生产方式、生活方式、社会组织、宗教信仰、风俗习惯等。为适应迪庆高原特殊的生态环境 ,云南藏族早在历史上就通过文化调适 ,形成了一整套与自然环境良性互动的生态文化体系。面向未来 ,云南藏族生态文化中符合时代要求的内容必将得到复兴 ,其中的古老智慧必将与现代化的科学技术和全球化市场体系相结合 ,成为推动云南藏族走上可持续发展道路的关键     

关于回族生态伦理的文化透视

围绕人与自然和谐共处的主题,回族形成了一系列独具民族特色的生态伦理思想,涉及人与自然、人与社会及人与人等多个层面。从宗教信仰、生产生活、民间故事等文化视角就回族的生态伦理问题进行探讨,对于该民族实现可持续发展具有现实意义。     

国内学术界汉藏文化交流史（唐代～1949年）研究状况述评

汉藏文化交流是汉藏关系发展与演进的重要组成部分。概览当今学术界汉藏文化交流史研究,主要是以宗教、经济、文学艺术等作为文化交流的载体,以朝代的更迭和政局的演变为维度,认识彼此在交流中不同文化之间的融合和互补的过程。唐、元、明、清时期汉藏之间的文化交流呈现出时间上的阶段性以及特殊性。当今藏学界更多地是以断代史的角度探究汉藏文化交流,归纳历史特征,探析推进因素。民国时期汉藏文化交流过程中,非政府行为有所增加。当今学术界对此研究则相对薄弱,且侧重于关注政治文化在双方交流中的操作与演变。与此同时,佛教界之间的交流研究也逐步引起学者关注。     

维吾尔族生态伦理思想产生发展历史探析

本文重点探讨维吾尔族生态伦理思想产生发展的历史。文章认为,远古至漠北回鹘时期为维吾尔族生态伦理思想的孕育时期。这一时期维吾尔先民已经开始了对人与自然关系的思考。这一思考主要是以一种被动适应自然生态系统的经验形态呈现的。高昌回鹘汗国与喀喇罕王朝时期至近代维吾尔族生态伦理思想的形成发展时期。这一时期维吾尔先民对人与自然关系的思考已经进入到了理性的哲学思考阶段,以从整体上把握生命共同体,追求人与自然的和谐统一成为特征。探讨维吾尔族生态伦理思想产生发展的历史目的是为系统挖掘蕴含在维吾尔族自然观、生产生活方式、宗教信仰、文学典籍、禁忌习俗以及乡规民约习惯法中的维吾尔族生态伦理智慧奠定基础。     

生态民族学的当代价值

本文主要探讨了理性与非理性、自然生态与民族生境的意义与关系,对文化生态和本土生态知识进行了较为详细地阐述,指出即使在科学技术高度发展的今天,在生态灾变救治的终极目标上仍然需要依靠特定生态背景下特定文化共同体的这本土性知识。     

建立西部民族文化生态村的构想--以湖北景阳镇为个案研究

湖北景阳是个自然、文化生态资源极其丰富的少数民族社区,由于清江水布垭电站的建设,景阳新镇的移民搬迁,即使景阳口传及非物质文化面临着传承的危机,又是构建西部少数民族地区民族文化生态村、发展旅游业的绝好时机。选择好民族文化生态村建点模式;认清旅游业的发展将带给社区文化的影响;维护文化与生态环境的和谐,可为建立西部民族文化村,谋求西部社会经济的可持续发展提供一个可借鉴的范式。     

文化生态区与非物质文化遗产保护研究

非物质文化遗产是不同人群共同体在特定的时间、空间里,处理人与人、人与社会、人与自然关系时的文化产物,有着自身特定的属性:主体性、整体性、活态性以及无形性等,在文化旅游盛行的情境中,如何保护与传承非物质文化遗产问题一直都是焦点问题。本文试图从文化生态区的理念出发,探寻非物质文化遗产保护与传承的道路,为非物质文化能够继续活态的、原真性的存续提供一种方法论视角。     

北方渔猎民族物候历的人类学阐释

本文运用人类学调查资料并结合历史文献及其他民族志材料来阐释北方渔猎民族的物候历,并进而探讨人类社会历法起源问题。认为物候历起源于人类的渔猎经济文明时代,而非农耕畜牧时代。物候历是人类最原始的历法,是其他历法的基础。但其他历法产生后,物候历仍在人类生活中发挥作用。物候历是渔猎民族认识自然的文化创造和生产生活经验的总结。     

从民间文学看哈尼族的传统生态观

The Hani’s rich folk literature has preserved their traditional culture. Interpreting it from the perspective of ecological culture may lead us to the conclusion that the Hani’s traditional eco-logical understanding is that of a harmonious rela-tionship between man and nature. This ecological understanding is similar to that of other ethnic groups in Yunnan, such as the Bai, Dai, Wa, Yao, Naxi, Jingpo, Bulang, and other ethnic groups, which shows that this ecological under-standing is common across the Chinese nation. Meanwhile, this ecological understanding has an enlightening role for human beings to keep the eco-logical balance in the present day. This article tries to investigate the deep connection between the Hani’s folk literature and the natural ecology, and reveals the Hani’s traditional ecological under-standing. 1 . The Hani’s traditional ecological under-standing is revealed in their folk literature The Hani have no fairy tales in the strict sense, their literature is a kind of“universal litera-ture” enjoyed by both adults and children. Howev-er, the Hani’s folk literature also created a roman-tic world similar to that of fairy tales. This “fairy tale world” is just the world of nature reflected in the Hani’s literature. The typical characteristics of this world are harmony and happiness. In this har-monious and happy world, mountains are a para-dise for man and all other things on earth. In this paradise, man is only a part of nature, they are not the spirit or the core of the world. Man, animals and plants have their own places, and their own happiness. Meanwhile, they support each other, and have a common development. In a word, man and nature have a highly harmonious relationship. When environmental protection and ecological bal-ance become a common topic in today’s discourse, one can gain some insight by reading Hani fairy tales and legends. Therefore, digging out the eco-logical beauty from Hani folk literature still has a practical purpose. How then does Hani folk literature describe the relationship between man and nature? We find that the Hani folk literature is full of stories con-cerning how the animals and plants save mankind. Many works reflect this idea: if mankind had not been assisted by the animals and plants, it must have died out long ago, therefore, man should show his thanks to the animals by protecting them. Be-cause the animals and plants saved man’s life, and man knew to show his gratitude to them, the rela-tionship between man and nature is always good in the fairy tales, although they live in their own ways, they never disturb each other — they have a totally harmonious relationship. Moreover, man can even marry animals and have descendants with them. The harmonious relationship between man, animals and plants is a basic theme of the Hani folk literature, as well as a basic part of the Hani eco-logical understanding. The relationship between man, animals and plants reflects not only a friend-
ship, but a kind of family relation, because they can even become couples, although the couples can sometimes suddenly turn hostile — they may have disagreements or even come to blows. When this happens, the deities could help to solve the problem— this is another aspect which reflects a harmoni-ous relationship between man, animals and plants. In the Hani folk literature, the harmony be-tween man and nature is also reflected in the mutu-al assistance between man, animals and plants. In this kind of literature, man, animals and plants are always equal; they not only have a common goal and the same standards for good and evil, but also have a common language, with which man, animals and plants are able to negotiate with each other, help each other and reap their own rewards. 2 . The cultural sources of the Hani’s tradition-al ecological understanding Although literature is a creation of the writer, it reflects social life. The writers’ imaginings can-not be separated from the practicalities of place, and folk literature has its own particularity. Folk literature is created by several folk artists from gen-eration to generation. It might be a result from sev-eral people’s discussions during the creative process or when the work is passed down, hence, it is typically collective work and has typically mass characteristics. Although the individual plays a significant role in the creation of a work, the content of folk literature does not always reflect a single artist’s idea, but the idea of a group. There-fore, we say that the harmonious ecological under-standing reflected in the Hani literature actually re-flects an overall awareness of the Hani people. Why did the Hani form this kind of common awareness, then? We believe that it is decided by the Hani’s living environment and common cultural resources. Most Hani people live in the mountain-ous or semi-mountainous areas between Mt. Ailao and Mt. Mengle. The living environment partly in-fluences ideology. Because of the level of inacces-sability, and self -sufficient life style, communi-cation among the different Hani villages is rare,
however, what they see every day in their living ar-eas are mountains; therefore, their similar living environment leads them to have a similar under-standing of the mountains. The Hani are a “migrated ethnic group”. Their ancestors originally lived in the remote north. Due to natural and social causes, they moved south. Following the cultural development and improvement of natural conditions, their popu-lation gradually increased. After they stepped into the mountainous areas of Mt. Ailao, they had im-proved material conditions and peaceful life, and the population dramatically increased. Later, they settled down in the broad area of the Honghe and Lishejiang drainage basins. The Hani’s history of migration and development indicates that no matter how large a population they have, and how they are scattered, their culture has the same origin. Therefore, tracing the origin of the Hani culture is very important to understand why the Hani share a common awareness of the harmonious relationship between man and nature. Another point worth noting is that the Hani are called as an “Ethnic Group of Stories”. The Hani like telling stories, and making up stories, therefore, there are many popular stories among the Hani. This is because Hani have no writing, which makes the essence of the Hani culture lie in their oral stories. The ancestors’ stories, and their wisdom are all spread and handed down through these stories. The Hani stories actually play act as cultural carriers, burdened with the task of preser-ving culture, and playing an educational role. It is due to the influence of the ancestors’ traditional culture that the Hani have kept an awareness of maintaining a harmonious relationship between man, animals and plants. Then, which factors in the Hani’s cultural origin have promoted this awareness and made it exist for a long time? This article separately discusses the impact of the origin of the heavens, earth, man, animals, and plants, as well as the understanding of animism to this awareness.
In the Hani’s traditional religion, animism is a basic tenet. The Hani believe that the universe is created by the gods, and all things on earth are brought about by the gods. These deities infuse the things in the universe with a spirit; man cannot hurt other things, including those things without life;and the proper relationship between man and nature is harmony. A harmonious relationship means to obey the deities’ will, and is a special representation of their worship. Some people be-lieve that the formation of this kind of understand-ing is directly related to the ecological environment in which the Hani live. They live in the mountain-ous areas and conduct farming work from genera-tion to generation. The forest and water sources are their basic production materials. While using and transforming nature, they must protect and respect nature. Only in this way can an ethnic group un-dergo constant development in a difficult environ-ment—this already has become common knowledge during the process of inheriting the Chinese culture in the past thousand years. And to the Hani peo-ple, this is their principle, as well as their life philosophy. The Hani’s understanding of animism is a kind of pantheistic ideology, which belongs to religious aspect and does not fit with materialism. However the understanding of animism plays a very big role in the Hani’s formation of a self-consciousness in protecting the animals and plants, and keeping the ecological balance. Its role is not limited to an in-dividual or a local area, instead, its meaning to the whole Hani area cannot be underestimated. Hence, we take it as one of the sources for the for-mation of the harmonious natural understanding of all Hani people.