论“狄”的衍化

狄起源于戎的分支犬戎.狄人在新石器时代生活于渭河上游,以后随着人口繁衍而向与泾水汇合下游的关中平原迁徙,从戎狄中分离出来的周、秦在处于渭河下游的关中平原建立政权后,狄人则被分割成渭河上游部分和渭水汇入黄河后不断东迁部分,其中东迁的部分-白狄与赤狄曾在周、春秋、战国时的历史中产生过影响而被记入史册,并在春秋战国中原争霸中向南融入平原人当中,成为用人、秦人和汉人的一部分;向北迁徙部分成为匈奴的组成部分;仍在渭河上游生活的狄人则作为戎人的分支,归入秦朝的统治范围,在羌人兴起后则又成为氐羌组成部分,并在羌内附的过程中逐渐融入汉人当中.     

土家族族称演变

土家族自称“比际卡”或“毕兹卡”。“卡”是“家”的意思。“比际”、“毕兹”的本意,目前无法解释。“毕兹卡”是“本地人”的解释是没有一点根据的。 土家族的自称与古羌戎的一支“鼻息”有渊源关系。“鼻息”是该部落自称“鼻息”而被命名的,故汉文记载中将该部落的自称作为族称。《礼记·王制》云:“西方曰戎”。商周时期,戎从古羌人中分离出来,形成另一分支。及至戎人强盛,戎人便成为整个西方的非     

"五方之民"格局与大一统国家民族地理观的形成

文章论述西周春秋时期"四夷"之夷、蛮、戎、狄与"四方"之东、南、西、北搭配结合的演进历程,探讨了"四夷"、"四方"间的搭配结合与"五方之民"格局形成的渊源关系。《礼记·王制》提出的中国与东夷、南蛮、西戎、北狄的"五方之民"格局,是战国人关于大一统国家民族地理的理想与展望;而司马迁《史记》所构建的秦汉国家民族地理格局,才是大一统国家民族地理观的现实反映。     

晋国的“和戎狄”策略

春秋时期的晋国,是在夏朝废墟上建立起来的,长期与戎狄为邻,到西周末年,也还未得到充分发展。春秋初期,它先后剪灭耿、魏、霍、虞、虢等诸夏小国,疆土仍局限于晋南汾水地区,实际上依旧处在戎狄的包围之中。在南面,有骊戎、茅戎、姜戎、陆浑之戎等;在西面,有河西的白狄;在北面,有北戎、山戎、无终等;在东面,自北而南,均属狄所有。于是,造成了晋与华夏诸国的隔离状态,以致齐桓公称霸会盟,晋很难前去参与。显赫一时的霸主晋文公,在谋伐周襄公时,也要贿赂草中之戎与丽土之戎,     

羁縻制与土司制名异质同论略

我国幅员广阔,人口众多,自古以来就是一个多民族国家。但是在商代以前,人们尚无清晰的民族意识;西周时,虽然有了蛮、夷、戎、狄和华夏等不同族称。但并非严格,而且蛮、夷、戎、狄这些称谓亦无贬义;到了春秋战国时代,尊王攘夷成为霸业旗号以后,华夷才有了主从尊卑之别,甚而把周边非同华夏的民族视为禽兽豺狠,“非我族类,其心必异”。尊王攘夷的代表人物管子说:“戎狄豺狼,不可厌也;诸夏亲日(目匿),不可弃也。”(《左传·闵公元年》)在这种思想基础上,我国在先秦时期便逐步形成了五服制与九州制的地理概念。所谓九州制即是以华夏为主干的统一后在华夏地区设置郡县的蓝图,而五服制则为实现统一设计了一个处     

卢水胡和小月氏

卢水胡和小月氏王宗维马长寿先生在他所著《北狄与匈奴｝）、《氏与羌》和《碑铭所见前秦至隋初的关中部族》等书中，多次涉及到汉至魏晋十六国时期活动于我国西北地方的卢水胡和小月氏等两个民族。由于这两族不是书中研究的主题，而是在叙述各个民族关系中涉及到的，因而...     

少数民族与龙

今年是龙年。在我国55个少数民族中,有不少民族很崇信龙,视龙为吉祥如意的化身。早在远古时期,居住在我国东部的夷、西部的戎、南部的蛮、北部的狄、西北部的黄帝族和中部的炎帝族,族徽图腾逐渐演变为以蛇身为主体的猪嘴、鸡爪、鱼鳞、鹿角的龙,它是综合了各氏族部落图腾的多种特征,是氏族     

犬戎历史始末述——论犬戎的族源、迁徒及同西周王朝的关系

我国西周(包括周前建立前的先周)历史上的戎族(亦称西戎),并非某一民族的专称,而是周人对居于我国西部和西北部、与周人为邻的诸民族共同体的统称。戎,金文作“?”,象武士执戈盾状,或省作戈盾。《说文》作“?”,与金文形近,当由金文发展而     

略论中国古代的"天下"、"国家"和"中国"观

中国古代先民心目中包含“中国”和蛮、夷、戎、狄五方之民在内的“天下”具有某些现代国家的 属性。“中国”一词之“中”,并非源自地域位置,而是源自“以我为中心”的政治理念。在春秋大一统学说中,“中国”和“天下”终究是要合一的。     

五代宋金时期甘青藏族部落的分布

吐蕃部落自唐末以来遍布河陇之地,东起陇山之首,西至阳关之西,均有其部落族帐居住。《宋史·吐蕃传》称:“自仪、谓、原、环、庆、镇戎暨于灵、夏皆有之。”这一段话我认为是有问题的,上述几州军并非吐蕃主要住地,而环、庆、灵、夏、镇戎等地都是吐蕃、党项的杂居之地,吐蕃的主要居地均在上述州军的西面或西南面。《邵氏闻见前录》卷十三载:“吐蕃在唐最盛,至本朝始衰。今河、秦、邈川、青唐、洮、岷     

Meeting / Derrida

In August 1999, Jacques Derrida gave a number of lectures and seminars in Melbourne and Sydney. The seminar of 13 August, held at Sydney's Seymour Centre Theatre, was open to the public. It consisted of a question-and-answer session with Genevieve Lloyd, David Wills, Paul Patton and Penelope Deutscher. Its title, 'Themes from Recent Work', reflected interests in the work from Specters of Marx (1994) onwards which some, including Paul Patton, have referred to as deconstruction in its affirmative phase. What follows is a by-no-means verbatim record of the event. Rather it is but one member of the audience's account of what transpired in the seminar – an account which is therefore necessarily selective and pressed through the grid of my own quasi-philosophical interests. Following this account of the seminar, I offer some marginal notes on the open discussion following the seminar, then, finally, some reflections on a particular matter discussed at the dinner which followed that – madness.     

Defining ‘real India’: representations of authenticity in independent travel

As an alternative to the stereotypical mass tourism, independent travellers – travellers who travel for extended periods on low budgets while ostensibly avoiding formalized tourist activities and locales – are invested in constructing ‘authentic’ travel experiences. Practices such as ‘off-the-beaten-track’ travel and cultural engagement provide the means by which independent travellers are able to make claims to such authenticity. Authenticity is constructed by travellers through idealizations of intimacy and non-commodification. These idealizations are tangled in narrative representations of ‘real’ India and ‘real’ Indians, their ‘real’-ness typified by an absence of other travellers, tourists and, more generally, Western contamination. In these ways, ‘authentic’ travel is dependent upon actively constructed binaries of Western travelling subjects and exotic Indian objects. Yet travellers' fantasies of the Other are fragile and subject to collapse at moments in which so-called Others articulate their subjectivity in a way that is inconsistent with travellers' expectations. Through a focus on travellers' narratives of their experience, both the requirement for an Orientalist dichotomy as well as the ruptures that continually challenge this dichotomy, will emerge.     

Oestrogen Rising 2016: Ireland’s stained and bloodied cloths

A weaver, seamstress, laundress and artist, in this essay I shall spin a yarn, tangle a web, and construct a text(ile) of the inter-weave of narrative and identity that I define as my intellectual, textual, somatic and material/visual practice obsessions. My work explores ‘the places in-between’ in the entanglements of Irish and Northern Irish gender and identity, and in the abject fabrics of death and of desire. As an Irish feminist, sense-making of the complexities, conundrums, challenges and contradictions of my land, my cloth, my body and my culture owes much to Irish women before me who fought for female suffrage, and Irish women now – north and south of the border that divides the island of Ireland – who still struggle for equality of citizenship, social justice, human rights, and full reproductive autonomy. My contention is that when we accept that Ireland herself is a many-layered cloth, a stained and bloodied cloth, a cloth marked irreversibly by history, conflict, denial and abuse, stained by its own repression, marked through denial of all its people’s rights and needs, and bloodied by its greatest export, the haemorrhage of its people, then – polemical, didactic or reflective, with more compassion, empathy, humility and heart – we just might make peace with our past.     

The changing configurations of self-(m)other dialogue in North Cyprus

This paper deals with issues of identity, nationalism, postcolonialism, and self-other relations with a focus on a period of transformative events in North Cyprus. It notes how nationalism has been the dominant means of identification for Cypriots in their modern history, and argues that unless weakened and supplanted by a radically pluralist democracy, nationalism imagines one's identity as an indivisible unity and has no place for different others within the nation. However, a pressing relationship with others and otherness is no stranger to Cypriots either, which makes it clear that the border that defines the ‘we’ of such nationalism is, at the same time, the line that divides the self intrinsically, indicating the otherness of the self or its alterity. Subjectivity involves subjection to the other.     

Changing patterns of mobility,citizenship and conflict in Indonesia

ABSTRACT

Mobility and migration are inherent ingredients of Indonesian cultures. In an archipelago with thousands of islands of various size, character and nature, mobility is an important means to make a living and to survive by migration. The right to free movement in Indonesia is constitutionally granted. It can create mobility and give expression to equal citizenship rights at the same time as it can trigger the enforcement of borders among cultural groups and the ethnification of local and regional politics. Mobility thus always comes along with immobility. Physical mobility of one group of people might cause immobility of another group or it might create cultural and political immobility in the same group. In places such as Eastern Indonesia, people have developed reciprocal means to integrate newcomers. Whereas the immigrants are usually disadvantaged citizens with regards to land and customary rights, those living in the area for generations have nonetheless become integral parts of quite peaceful local settings, one way or the other. The advancement of decentralization, democratization and direct elections of political representatives can lead to political empowerment, the promotion of ethnicity as election capital and changing patterns of belonging. This paper illustrates these ambivalences by looking at mobility in Indonesia more generally and how changing national policies and laws lead to reinterpretations of mobility patterns and trigger changes in relations between local population groups and existing mechanisms of cultural and political inclusion and exclusion. Butonese migrants in Maluku will here serve as a case study.     

三江源自然保护区生态旅游开发的SWOT分析

本文就三江源自然保护区开发生态旅游产品的可行性及发展潜力,运用SWOT分析模式进行客观分析,并得出三江源开发生态旅游产品是实现该地区可持续发展的最佳途径。     

热贡鲁若中"玛泽"与藏族历史的渊源关系

文章从历史学、宗教学、民俗学等角度,将流行于黄南藏族自治州同仁县隆务河流域的六月会主体节目之一"玛泽"的文化内涵进行了新的探讨,并就"玛泽"节目的历史和宗教渊源关系,民俗形成过程,以及对军事、生产活动中的意义提出了自己的看法.     

‘Both an Arab and a woman’: gendered,racialised experiences of female Palestinian citizens of Israel

Following feminist and postcolonial discourses, this paper uses the concept of ‘everyday experience’ as a tool to trace the social world of educated Palestinian women in Israel. The term refers to the complex array of these women's experiences in racialised and gendered social sites, as well as within the class, religious, and ethnic contexts in the subordinated group and its relations with the dominant Jewish group. Based on 108 in‐depth interviews with Palestinian women citizens of Israel, the paper claims that educated Palestinian women are located in a ‘third place’ between cultural, gender, class, national and racial structures that generates a continual ambivalence. Within this marginal, ‘unhomely’ space women negotiate their own identities and challenge dominant social definitions. Women create various modes of interim spaces and multi‐dimensional, shifting identities for themselves. The ambivalent attitudes generated by the women's experiences expose the possibility of shedding categorising markers. The omnipresent existence of the gendered, racialised regime of knowledge makes every place a potential site of subversion and resistance.     

羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系考察研究

岷江上游羌族宗教信仰是多元混杂的,导致这种现象的产生,既有历史的因素,又有现实的因素.历史的因素可追溯到古羌人时代,从那里我们可寻羌族宗教信仰之渊源的一些踪迹;现实的因素可从羌族地处藏彝走廊,受汉藏文化影响的现状中去采撷一些实际的表现.本文拟就羌族原始宗教信仰中的藏文化因子,羌族天神信仰与藏族民间宗教信仰的渊源,羌族和藏族有关人类起源传说的相似与区分,羌族原始宗教信仰与佛教文化的糅合等方面对羌族宗教信仰与藏文化的关系作一较为深入的考察分析.     

Identification,the exercise of democracy and the fear of the Other – the June EU referendum in the UK

ABSTRACT

The focus is the oscillation among leave voters in the EU referendum from the exercise of rights - an act of dis-identification – towards the assertion of identity as members of a British community. This was mediated by voters acting in an association of citizens calling on the equalising agency of the British people whilst claiming membership of a locally circumscribed community, perceived as injured, through entanglement with the Other prominent among them Europeans. Hence the recovery of the injured community as the object of the denunciators’ desire for identity coupled with the fear of the Other. Predicated on this was the resumption of class, gender and ethnic roles reflected in division among voters. The denunciation of togetherness with Europeans served leave voters to substitute the exercise of rights with a longing for identity. Instrumental in this was the lack of deliberation in the plebiscite to articulate the will of individual voters through a general will. The ‘direct power’ exercised enabled many to cast away their role as citizen in an attempt to claim their privileges as members of a racially and culturally demarcated British community. Paradoxically, the voters’ unashamed disavowal of their agency as citizens by seeking to restore a divided social world as the source of their identity was represented as an exercise in democracy. To some playing on words was supplemented by the use of force removing the gap between the discursive exclusion of the Other and the continued physical presence of bearers of different races and culture.