学术论文的选题与行文规范

在写论文之前,我们首先要思考写什么,也就是论文的选题,这是一项必经的基础环节。行文规范对论文写作进行约束,同时,对研究者在论文写作时进行指导、监督,也是维护学术风气的重要手段。本文对学术论文的选题和行文规范进行了精辟的阐释和分析,以期对论文写作的初学者提供借鉴和帮助。     

An Applied Research Agenda for Homosexually Active Men of Color

This paper outlines a research agenda for designing and implementing services to gay men of color. The paper reviews the anthropological, historical, and international literature on homosexuality for its implications for contemporary service delivery. The paper proposes that a problem-solving model that recognizes the central importance of empathy and rapport may be used to organize research. The paper concludes with a discussion of methodological issues.     

Narrowing the gap: the educational achievements of the Malay community in Singapore

This paper discusses the educational gap between the Malay community and other ethnic communities in Singapore. Using official statistics from 1980 to 2004, the paper compares the educational achievements of the Malay community with other ethnic communities in Singapore. The paper points out that, while the Malay students have made significant improvements in their educational achievements over the years, they are still lagging behind the other ethnic communities in Singapore. Three key educational challenges faced by the Malay community and the responses to these challenges are discussed in this paper. The paper recommends that a framework should be introduced to the Malay students in Singapore to integrate secular and religious subjects within an Islamic conception of knowledge.     

Just a paper exercise?

This paper will consider the impact and implications of changing the method of selection for social work students on one BA/Diploma in social work course for mature students with family commitments. The change was instituted following research which suggested that interviewers' preferences were a poor predictor of successful outcome of course completion for students, and further, that other predictors such as quality of written application material and student motivation were factors which had a strong correlation with successful outcome. Consequently, in 1999, selecting students by interview was replaced by paper selection. While it is the long-term aim of academic staff to evaluate the merits of paper selection in terms of students' outcomes, this initial paper considers the organisational and administrative implications of changing to paper selection and the students' and selectors' perceptions of paper selection. In particular, this paper will consider whether it is possible to be objective in selecting applicants, or whether subjectivity will always be part of the process. Finally, the article considers the relative cost of paper selection as opposed to interview. The findings of this study suggest that interviewing is twice as costly on academic and agency staff time - a factor which in the present financial climate has considerable implications for the future of interviewing on social work courses.     

Conceptualising Listening to Young Children as an Ethic of Care in Early Childhood Education and Care

This paper focuses on recent discourses and practices of listening to young children, in order to highlight listening as an ethical practice in early childhood education and care settings. The paper asks how discourses of listening should be viewed in theoretical terms and explores the work of a diverse range of authors who define autonomy and rights issues as relational. Central to the paper is a consideration of feminist critique of Foucault’s ethics of care argument. To contextualise this, the paper discusses examples of recent research in the field of listening to young children and highlights issues facing the status of the early years workforce. In summary, the paper contends that an ethical view of listening can bring adults and children together in democratic care practices which challenge conceptions of childhood and reconnect ideas of care and education.     

Managing urban growth and development in the Riyadh metropolitan area, Saudi Arabia

The paper examines public sector management of urban growth and development in the Riyadh Metropolitan Area, Saudi Arabia. The focus of the paper is on institutional capacity building and development intervention. The paper traces changes in public sector management structures and development activities over the history of the city with the aim of assessing development impact and identifying forces that have shaped the evolving state of urban management. The paper notes that urban management has significantly improved with time but the persistence of urban problems coupled with projections of future growth point to the need for further improvements. The paper, in conclusion, while acknowledging the utility of the metropolitan development strategy (MEDSTAR) being formulated for the city, points to the need for broader administrative reform to improve the ability to cope with long-term challenges of growth in the city. Some issues that reform could address are suggested.     

Involvement of the voluntary sector in the diploma of Social Work Curriculum: A regional study

This paper explores the involvement of voluntary organisations in three Diploma of Social Work programmes in the North East of England. It focuses on their involvement in management, and curriculum planning and delivery. Issues of power and representation are fundamental to this involvement and consequently to this paper. The paper looks in detail at the approach to involving voluntary organisations in one programme, and compares the process and results of this approach with those of the other two programmes in the region studied. Throughout, the paper incorporates two perspectives: that of the programmes and that of the voluntary organisations. This paper concludes with suggested methods for involving voluntary organisations more closely in the management and curriculum development of DipSW programmes and demonstrates this with particular reference to the Black voluntary sector.     

Transnational Relations: Family Migration among Recent Polish Migrants in London

This paper is based on a qualitative study of recent Polish migrants in London ( Ryan, et al., 2007 ). The paper reveals the roles that different family members played in the migration narratives of these Polish migrants. In order to gain a broader understanding of migration patterns, it is necessary to explore what is meant by “the family” and how this may operate transnationally. By examining spatially dispersed relationships, the paper aims to contribute to an understanding of transnational families. In addition, by highlighting the various ways in which families may be split, reunited, and reshaped through the process of migration, the paper argues for a need to explore the shifting ties between relatives “here” and “there”. The paper explores the dynamism of these relationships over time in the context of specific immigration regimes and the interplay with local attachments.     

The Child's View of Death

This paper presents an overview of current theory related to the way in which children learn to cope with death. Additionally, the paper discusses ways in which therapists and parents might help children learn to deal more effectively with death. The paper suggests that an inability to cope effectively with death may have significant negative impact on the child's emotional life.     

Book Review

This paper reflects critically on management consultants. The paper acknowledges those commentaries which suggest that management consultants must be understood as an element or node within a wider network which constitutes an advice or knowledge industry. However, the paper argues that our understanding of the consultant node within such networks has been fashioned in a manner that serves to restrict our appreciation of the nature and scope of the advice available to managers. To this end the paper attempts to identify a larger network of actors and agencies excluded from both critical and celebratory accounts of the advice industry, which is none the less fundamental to the reproduction of management. The paper concludes with the suggestion that Latour’s analysis of world‐building may offer a useful heuristic to those who would seek to understand the ways in which networks constitute the managed world.     

Income inequality,welfare and poverty in a developing economy with applications to Sri Lanka

This paper explores how the behaviour of welfare, income inequality and poverty changes during the course of a country's economic development. the analysis is based on Kuznet's model of sectorial dualism. The various propositions proved in the paper provide conditions under which the modern sector enlargement and enrichment will lead to higher social welfare and lower income inequality and poverty. It is demonstrated that Kuznet'sU-shaped curve may not exist or even if it does, the turning point may occur at a later stage of development. The paper provides numerical illustrations of the results using Sri Lankan data.This paper was written while I was a Senior Fellow at the World Institute for Development Economics Research, Helsinki, Finland. I am grateful to Juhani Holm for providing me with expert computational assistance. A referee of this Journal made some useful comments which led to considerable improvement in the paper.     

Streetwise sales and the social order of city streets

This paper analyses how a Big Issue vendor approached passers-by and how they responded, how recognizable courses of social and economic activity were interactionally produced from initiation through to some conclusion. The paper recovers how the vendor's work was contextually embedded in the urban landscape, how it was constrained by, and actively shaped, the social order of the street. Drawing on video-audio recordings the paper contributes to a growing body of ethnographic and ethnomethodological research which has emphasized the embodied, contingent and interactional character of economic activity. By examining such materials, the paper is well positioned to describe how the vendor found his market on the street, social interventions that propelled passers-by into buying behaviour. The paper sheds light on now familiar encounters which occur millions of times each week in the UK and beyond.     

Do High School Gifted Programs Lead to Later-in-Life Success?

This paper investigates the effects of participation in gifted education programs, and offers several contributions to existing research. First, this paper studies the effects of high school programs, as opposed to the more commonly-studied elementary and middle school versions. Second, this paper considers impacts of gifted programs on later-in-life socioeconomic success, including college graduation and eventual employment, as opposed to short-run standardized test outcomes. Third, this paper uses sibling fixed effects, coupled with a recently-proposed decomposition method, as an identification approach. The main conclusion is that gifted programs tend to include students who possess traits that already correlate with later-in-life success. After controlling for those traits, gifted programs, per se, show little statistical relationship to later-in-life outcomes.     

Media in conflict or conflict in media: examining media coverage of conflict in Northeast India

The paper looks at how media engages with the issue of framing movements in the northeastern state of Manipur. The focus of the paper is on the demand for Inner Line Permit in Manipur that landed the state into conflict between the communities of the state. The passing of the three bills, as discussed in the paper, by the state government has snowballed into ethnic tensions and re-opened the hill–valley divide in this northeastern state. By using frame analysis, the paper intends to explicate the issue of media framing within the socio-political context of the state. The paper then engages with the process in which local media frames movements that are diametrically opposed to one another. The study further reveals that the local media in Manipur are greatly influenced by the local politics and remain integral to it.     

Social welfare and equality

The main purpose of the paper is to provide a unified framework within which normatively significant equality indices can be derived from social welfare orderings. The paper contains a functional representation of the class of social evaluation functions generating relative equality indices.A preliminary version of this paper was written while the second author was visiting the ISI. Financial support from the CAICYT project No. DI-87075, is greatefully acknowledged. We are grateful to W. Bossert and C. Blackorby for comments and useful discussion. The final version of the paper has greatly benefited from the suggestion of an anonymous referee.     

The effect of long-term outcome studies on the therapy of schizophrenia: a critique

The reader of this commentary on Haley's paper by Stein will note that Stein refers to Haley as "the author of the critiqued paper" or "ACP," rather than by name. This unusual style was occasioned by the Editor's decision that Stein should comment on the paper without any knowledge of its authorship, in order that the focus of Stein's comments be on the substance of that paper and that his comments not be influenced by who had written it. The admittedly somewhat awkward references to "ACP" have been retained in Stein's comments in order to make that point clear.-Ed.     

Debating globalization in social studies education: approaching globalization historically and discursively

The purpose of this paper is to explore the dominant positions in the debates on globalization in American social studies education. Specifically, the paper illustrates that, first, globalization is conceived of as more of an unprecedented new age and less of a historical development. Second, it is conceived of as more of a natural process and less as an ideological project. All in all, this paper argues that globalization should be approached as a historic and discursive condition in the field of social studies education. To do so, educators should include more skeptical perspectives and critical voices about globalization. Also, they need to approach the vocabulary used to frame globalization discursively, rather than as an objective fact. The paper contends that the different positions taken in the debates on globalization are part and parcel of the social imaginary of globalization. The paper has ramifications not only for American social studies education but also for related subjects such as civics and citizenship education elsewhere.     

信用中介服务业发展的中外比较研究

以探讨规范和促进我国信用中介服务行业发展途径为研究目的，分别从信用中介服务业面临市场需求的培育过程、信用中介服务业的主体构成和信用中介服务业发展的法律环境三个方面分析对比了中外之不同，并对我国信用中介服务业在此三方面的建设和发展阐述了看法。