参与式领导行为的作用机制:来自不同组织的实证分析

分析参与式领导行为的作用机制对领导行为研究和组织激励有重要的现实意义。本研究考察了参与式领导行为通过心理授权的中介作用影响员工满意度和组织承诺的作用机制。通过对事业单位行政工作人员、企业一线员工和科研机构的科研人员3组样本共545人进行问卷调查,结果显示:首先,基于激励模型的参与式领导行为作用机制的假设得到验证;其次,不同类型组织中参与式领导行为的作用机制不同,对行政员工而言,参与式领导行为通过工作意义和工作影响力影响员工的满意度,通过工作意义影响员工的组织承诺;对企业一线员工而言,参与式领导行为通过工作意义和工作影响力影响员工的满意度,通过工作意义、工作自主性和工作影响力影响员工的组织承诺;对于普通科研人员,参与式领导行为通过工作意义和工作自主权影响员工的满意度,通过工作意义、工作能力和工作影响力影响员工的组织承诺。     

基于胜任特征的新生代员工管理创新研究

新生代员工正在和即将成为企业人力资源的中坚力量,对企业的绩效和未来发展起着举足轻重的作用。文章从新生代员工胜任特征角度,对我国新生代员工的基础性胜任特征及其影响因素进行了剖析,在此基础上提出了企业管理中应开展参与式、授权式的领导方式、在员工激励中注重后需要、注重弘扬"孝"文化、引入企业MOOC等管理措施。     

多级供应链系统成本分析随机网络模型及算法研究

供应链成本管理是企业战略管理的核心组成部分。为研究多级供应链网络系统的成本组成及其分布特征、分析各节点企业的成本管理对多级供应链网络系统的影响、找到供应链系统成本管理中的薄弱环节和关键企业,本文构建了多级供应链系统成本的随机网络分析模型。首先研究了模型的结构性质特征,给出成本分布特征的解析算法。然后扩展模型,分别从系统成本类型构成(生产成本、库存成本和物流成本)和系统对企业成本波动的灵敏度两个角度深入研究多级供应链网络成本问题。数值算例分析结果说明了多级供应链网络系统成本分析模型和相关算法的有效性和实用性。     

实证驱动的信息系统扩散与组织互动模拟研究

本文提出实证关系数据驱动的模拟模型研究了信息系统采纳和扩散过程中用户之间以及组织与信息系统之间的互动行为.以电子商务系统为研究对象,设计了问卷,通过SPSS的统计分析以及结构方程模型得到影响个体对信息系统采纳的诸多因素之间的关系.并基于实证关系数据,建立了基于多智能体的模拟模型,研究了信息系统在组织中扩散的宏观涌现过程.通过一系列的虚拟实验,从组织角度,分析了组织拓扑结构、组织规模、组织文化、组织内沟通四方面因素对信息系统扩散的影响以及信息系统扩散中组织行为的变化;并且对组织在信息系统推广中的行为决策提供参考建议.     

基于元胞自动机模型的产业集群规模演化初探

本文旨在从复杂性系统的角度出发,运用元胞自动机模型和计算辅助语言,以产业集群规模演化为研究对象,选取进入资金、集群市场结构、地域环境、企业风险偏好、企业竞合关系等为主要控制参量,建立CA扩展模型,模拟不同关键控制参量变化对产业集群规模的影响,并基于实验结果,提出相关的政策建议。     

结构化金融产品的最优设计与定价——基于发行者与投资者视角

基于行为金融学相关理论,从发行者和投资者双方角度,研究了具有嵌入式障碍期权的结构化产品的设计及其定价问题。首先根据发行者和投资者行为特征,对产品支付结构进行设计,给出支付函数;其次在一定假设下,对产品进行定价,获得定价闭合解;最后基于产品价格公式,分别对到期时间、波动率、初始障碍和初始执行价格等重要参数进行灵敏度分析,结果表明,这些参数变化对产品理论价格的影响不尽相同,由于产品的特殊性,分析结果与已有产品相比有一定差异。     

基于模块化思想的EIRM体系研究

从复杂自适应系统(CAS)角度,引入模块化思想于企业集成风险管理(EIRM)体系之中,基于解释结构模型(ISM)对EIRM系统进行了结构分解;在此基础上,利用Multi-Agent建模技术提出了EIRM的模块化体系,并基于管理熵优化了该体系中各Agent间的耦合关系,强调战略、组织、方法、信息、文化和过程各Agent间的有机融合.     

政府补贴下家电行业闭环供应链定价模型

研究单一制造商、单一零售商和单一第三方物流提供商组成的三阶段闭环供应链下的产品定价模型。首先,依据政府为家电行业制定的不同的补贴策略,分别构建了定价补贴模型(LP模型)和定额补贴模型(SQ模型),给出了供应链中各个企业的最优定价策略,并分别分析了单位产品补贴率和单位产品补贴限额对最优定价的影响关系。最终得到结论,从销售渠道价格角度考虑,定额补贴优于定价补贴,从回收渠道价格考虑,定价补贴优于定额补贴;从供应链成员利润和整体利润角度考虑,定价补贴模型是更优的。     

TCL国际化:基于本土化系统观点的行动研究

"全景式管理"模型是依据中国本土化的系统思维所建立的一个组织诊断工具,已经在国内多家企业进行了成功应用。基于以上模型并采用理论与实践相结合的行动研究方法,对TCL集团2004年国际化前后的发展历程进行了分析,通过政治、经济与文化三方面要素的匹配程度变化,解释了TCL集团各阶段发展的管理特征和遇到的问题,从系统和辩证角度阐述了TCL国际化过程失误的原因及其组织重生的变革思路。从实践角度而言,分析结论对于揭示中国企业国际化遭遇的困难有很好的启示作用;从理论角度而言,提出的"全景式管理"模型对于本土化理论开发具有创新性的理论贡献。     

知识管理的风险分析、评估与控制

从风险角度研究知识管理问题. 首先,分析和总结了影响知识管理成败的因素,指出知识 管理是一个与组织目标、文化、技术、知识资产、组织结构、评估与激励和财务等风险要素相关 联的管理活动;然后利用区间数方法来评估知识管理风险;最后就如何防范和控制知识管理风 险提出全面的策略框架.     

Participatory Organizational Research: Examining Voice in the Co‐production of Knowledge

This paper advances participatory methods in management research. We propose the term participatory organizational research to describe this adjunct to action research. We illustrate the potential of the method to allow sometimes unheard organizational members to generate alternative perspectives that can offer the potential for the co‐production of new forms of knowledge that are locally relevant. Participatory methods originate from work with marginalized groups and have been used more commonly in community and organizational development. The aim of such research is, generally, to change the social and organizational conditions within which participants operate by using their perspectives as active participants to develop alternative possibilities. As such, this research method has significant potential for management researchers in providing the means for unheard organizational members to voice their perspectives: a central component, we argue, in knowledge co‐production. Based on a participatory study of care quality in elder care institutions, we examine in detail how participatory organizational research can enable voice and explore some of the structural limitations particularly in respect of research ethics.     

Perceived Risk, Trust, and Democracy

Risk management has become increasingly politicized and contentious. Polarized views, controversy, and overt conflict have become pervasive. Risk-perception research has recently begun to provide a new perspective on this problem. Distrust in risk analysis and risk management plays a central role in this perspective. According to this view, the conflicts and controversies surrounding risk management are not due to public ignorance or irrationality but, instead, are seen as a side effect of our remarkable form of participatory democracy, amplified by powerful technological and social changes that systematically destroy trust. Recognizing the importance of trust and understanding the "dynamics of the system" that destroys trust has vast implications for how we approach risk management in the future.     

The impact of a participatory organizational intervention on job stress in community health care institutions

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a short-term participatory intervention in health care institutions in Norway on workers' control, other job characteristics, job stress, subjective health and job satisfaction. Participants (including managers and supervisors) were randomly allocated to intervention groups and to a control group. Actions to solve problems based on the employees' own perceptions of the main problems were seen as the key motivators for organizational improvement and increased control at the task and office level in the work situation. The main stressors identified by the participants in this study were lack of information, communication and respect between professions, as well as the need for professional and personal development. The participatory intervention had a positive, but limited effect on work-related stress, job characteristics, learning climate and management style, and seemed to have started a beneficial change process. There were no negative short-term effects on work-related stress and job demands. Organizational interventions may be a potential training ground for acquiring participatory skills and resources, and if sustained after the intervention period, they can have long-term effects on problem solving, job stress and employee satisfaction.     

Knowledge management in a community setting using action research: a case study of Lumpaya community,Nakorn Pathom Province,Thailand

This study promoted self-learning and participatory learning processes in the Lumpaya Community of Thailand to facilitate the development of local public policy to reduce the problem of poverty. The process used action research utilizing practice and learning from that practice. This research serves as an example of how a human resource development (HRD) intervention, knowledge management, can be applied in a context that extends beyond individual organizational boundaries to strengthen the community.     

Beyond the Matrix: Visual Methods for Qualitative Network Research

Network research remains dominated by approaches involving the analysis of numerical data stored in data matrices with the aim of identifying the effects of hidden social structures. While such research has advanced our understanding of social networks at the inter‐personal, inter‐unit and inter‐organizational level, repeated calls have been made for network research to attend to the situated meanings attached to both relationships and network structures. In this article, we advance a nascent literature on qualitative methods for social network analysis by drawing together developments in visual network research from across the social sciences. We introduce a typology of three visual methods for the collection of network data using network maps: participatory network mapping, network map interviews and visual network surveys. Drawing on three empirical examples from our research in the inter‐organizational domain, we demonstrate how these methods can be used for the collection of qualitative and quantitative relational data, and how they can be triangulated with other qualitative methods and social network analysis. We evaluate the merits and limitations of the methods presented and conclude that visual network research is a useful addition to existing methods for network research in business and management studies.     

The impact of a participatory organizational intervention on job stress in community health care institutions

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of a short-term participatory intervention in health care institutions in Norway on workers' control, other job characteristics, job stress, subjective health and job satisfaction. Participants (including managers and supervisors) were randomly allocated to intervention groups and to a control group. Actions to solve problems based on the employees' own perceptions of the main problems were seen as the key motivators for organizational improvement and increased control at the task and office level in the work situation. The main stressors identified by the participants in this study were lack of information, communication and respect between professions, as well as the need for professional and personal development. The participatory intervention had a positive, but limited effect on work-related stress, job characteristics, learning climate and management style, and seemed to have started a beneficial change process. There were no negative short-term effects on work-related stress and job demands. Organizational interventions may be a potential training ground for acquiring participatory skills and resources, and if sustained after the intervention period, they can have long-term effects on problem solving, job stress and employee satisfaction.     

Why Do Countries Regulate Environmental Health Risks Differently? A Theoretical Perspective

Why do countries regulate, or prefer to regulate, environmental health risks such as radiofrequency electromagnetic fields and endocrine disruptors differently? A wide variety of theories, models, and frameworks can be used to help answer this question, though the resulting answer will strongly depend on the theoretical perspective that is applied. In this theoretical review, we will explore eight conceptual frameworks, from different areas of science, which will offer eight different potential explanations as to why international differences occur in environmental health risk management. We are particularly interested in frameworks that could shed light on the role of scientific expertise within risk management processes. The frameworks included in this review are the Risk Assessment Paradigm, research into the roles of experts as policy advisors, the Psychometric Paradigm, the Cultural Theory of Risk, participatory approaches to risk assessment and risk management, the Advocacy Coalition Framework, the Social Amplification of Risk Framework, and Hofstede's Model of National Cultures. We drew from our knowledge and experiences regarding a diverse set of academic disciplines to pragmatically assemble a multidisciplinary set of frameworks. From the ideas and concepts offered by the eight frameworks, we derive pertinent questions to be used in further empirical work and we present an overarching framework to depict the various links that could be drawn between the frameworks.     

Learning and Organization in the Knowledge‐Based Information Economy: Initial Findings from a Participatory Action Research Case Study

This paper reports on an ongoing, multiphase, project‐based action learning and research project. In particular, it summarizes some aspects of the learning climate and outcomes for a case‐study company in the software industry. Using a participatory action research approach, the learning company framework developed by Pedler et al. (1997) is used to initiate critical reflection in the company at three levels: managing director, senior management team and technical and professional staff. As such, this is one of the first systematic attempts to apply this framework to the entire organization and to a company in the knowledge‐based learning economy. Two sets of issues are of general concern to the company: internal issues surrounding the company's reward and recognition policies and practices and the provision of accounting and control information in a business‐relevant way to all levels of staff; and external issues concerning the extent to which the company and its members actively learn from other companies and effectively capture, disseminate and use information accessed by staff in boundary‐spanning roles. The paper concludes with some illustrations of changes being introduced by the company as a result of the feedback on and discussion of these issues.     

The mediating role of leadership and people management practices on HRD and organizational performance

Drawing upon prior research, we identify strategic value and transaction effectiveness as two significant HRD contributions and examine their dyadic effect on leadership and people management practices, and influence on firm performance. Results of path analysis on 138 participants supported the dyadic effect hypothesis. More significantly, we found leadership and people management practices as a significant predictor on the relationship between strategic value and organizational performance, which suggests that organizational performance is affected by the combined effect of leadership and people management practices. A key implication of this research is that where organizations had effective leadership and people management practices, both types of HRD contributions – strategic value and transaction effectiveness – significantly enhanced firm performance.     

Risk management in a developing country context: improving decisions about point-of-use water treatment among the rural poor in Africa

More than 1 billion people, the vast majority of which live in the developing world, lack basic access to clean water for domestic use. For this reason, finding and promoting effective and sustainable solutions for the provision of reliable clean water in developing nations has become a focus of several public health and international development efforts. Even though several means of providing centrally located sources of clean water in developing communities exist, the severity and widespread nature of the water problem has led most development agencies and sanitation experts to strongly advocate the use of point-of-use treatment systems alongside whatever source of water people regularly use. In doing so, however, development practitioners have been careful to point out that any interventions or infrastructure regarding water safety and human health must also adhere to one of the central principles of international development: to facilitate more democratic and participatory models of decision making and governance. To this end, the research reported here focused on the development of a deliberative risk management framework for involving affected stakeholders in decisions about POU water treatment systems. This research, which was grounded in previous studies of structured decision making, took place in two rural villages in the East African nation of Tanzania.