技术引进对企业绩效的影响及其中介因素的研究——基于中国上市公司的实证检验北大核心CSSCI

本文基于组织学习理论与企业资源观,应用SEM模型,深入分析了技术引进对企业绩效的影响,并在此基础上考察了内部吸收能力所发挥的中介作用。研究结论表明:(1)技术引进对后进国家的企业非常重要,但单纯地引进并不能明显改善企业的绩效产出;(2)技术引进与企业绩效之间的直接影响并不显著,内部吸收能力在其中发挥了中介因素的作用,引进的技术通过与内部吸收能力进行资源整合,产生协同效应进而间接影响绩效;(3)本文进一步分析了技术引进与内部吸收能力相互整合的内在机制,从而得出了内部吸收能力包括外部知识搜寻机制,内部相关知识,中间研发载体三维度的结论,并发现三维度在内外资源整合过程中所发挥的作用不同。     

社会资本、吸收能力对创新绩效影响的实证研究

以企业知识理论为基础,从吸收能力这一视角出发,剖析企业外部社会资本和内部社会资本与企业创新绩效之间的关系;依据经典文献,对外部社会互动、基于认知的信任、共同语言、内部社会互动、基于情感的信任和共同愿景与知识识别、知识获取、知识共享和知识应用的关系进行重新梳理,并对知识应用与企业创新绩效的关系进行阐述;构建概念模型,并采用469个样本进行实证。研究结果表明,基于认知的信任、共同语言促进知识识别,外部社会互动、共同语言促进知识获取,内部社会互动抑制知识共享,基于情感的信任、共同愿景促进知识共享,基于情感的信任促进知识应用,知识识别促进知识获取,知识获取促进知识共享和知识应用,知识共享促进知识应用,知识应用促进企业创新绩效。从整体上看,吸收能力在企业社会资本对企业创新绩效的影响中起中介作用。     

团队内社会网络质量、工作竞争对团队成员知识转移的影响研究

本研究以团队为对象,考察了在正式的工作关系背景下,当团队成员间存在工作竞争时,团队内社会网络对知识转移的影响.研究认为,反映社会网络质量的网络信任会促进团队内知识转移,而网络认知信任和网络情感信任对团队内知识转移具有不同的作用,其中网络情感信任的影响要强于网络认知信任.工作竞争具有调节这种影响的作用,并且对网络认知信任和情感信任的调节程度会有所不同.研究对所提假设进行了实证检验,并对结果进行了进一步解释,旨在进一步剖析知识活动的规律,从而为企业有效的管理知识提供指导.     

控制,吸收能力与知识转移——基于离岸IT服务外包业的实证研究

离岸IT服务外包是一个知识密集过程,从海外客户到国内供应商的有效知识转移是成功的关键。然而,针对客户的不同控制模式和供应商的吸收能力对显性和隐性知识转移的不同影响,以及这两种知识转移对绩效影响的实证研究还极其有限。本文基于一项问卷调查,发现客户的正式控制对显性知识转移的影响比非正式控制的作用更强。隐性知识转移比显性知识转移更依赖于供应商的吸收能力,显性知识转移对隐性知识转移有积极促进作用。研究还显示,正式控制对离岸IT服务外包绩效有直接影响,但知识转移对外包绩效的影响并不显著。     

企业协同创新网络特征与创新绩效:基于知识吸收能力的中介效应研究

本文基于长三角地区379家电子信息企业的问卷调查数据,运用多元回归探讨了知识吸收能力对企业协同创新网络特征与创新绩效的中介效应.研究结果表明:(1)知识吸收能力与企业创新绩效之间呈正相关关系;(2)协同创新网络特征的三个维度(网络规模、网络同质性、网络强度)均与企业创新绩效之间呈正相关关系;(3)知识吸收能力在协同创新网络特征与企业创新绩效之间存在着部分中介效应.     

基于张量分析的知识度规与信息流关系模型

利用张量分析研究技术创新网络中企业知识特征与其信息流之间的数量关系.知识时空被定义为具有结构特征的局部(全局)信息场.在知识时空中引入知识能量概念,分析在不同标架下知识能量的变化规律;应用知识时空度规分析在知识分别作为矢量与能量时,技术创新网络知识时空结构特征发生转移的数量特征.研究表明:企业知识结构的多样性是创新网络存在的前提条件,可以用对应的知识时空曲率来刻度企业知识多样性特征;企业对转移知识与对方企业知识之间的结构关系的认识程度越高、转移知识自身度规越大,都能促使知识转移过程中的信息流动,而企业知识结构在转移知识领域的差别越大,企业之间的信息流动就越困难。     

网状式企业集群中知识共享关系演化的仿真分析

采用社会网络分析方法,建立了企业集群中企业间的知识共享关系网络模型;在提取企业个体特征的基础上,分析了网状式集群企业网络中企业间知识共享关系演化的动态特征,建立了企业间知识共享关系状态转移方程;研究了各种影响因素对企业间知识共享关系产生作用的机理。     

网络结构与成员学习策略对组织绩效的影响研究

针对以往网络理论研究中存在的网络结构对组织绩效影响效果的争论,侧重于对网络内容方面的关注,从网络中流动的知识与成员的学习策略的角度,考察咨询网络对组织绩效的影响;通过引入成员的学习策略,扩展了Lazer D的群体互动模型,并以该模型为基础进行计算机仿真实验.实验研究结果表明,组织的任务咨询网络与成员的学习策略通过调整组织中知识的分布而影响组织绩效.高密度的任务咨询网络与完全模仿策略的学习行为将导致群体知识迅速的同质化,在短期内将给组织带来较高的绩效,但不利于长期绩效的提高;而低密度的任务咨询网络与选择性模仿策略的学习行为有利于保持群体的异质知识,有利于组织长期绩效.但短期内绩效较低.最后,对组织的和谐耦合过程进行分析,提出组织在发展的不同时期通过制度与人的能动性的调整来保持持续的高绩效.     

本土企业学习效应影响因素的实证研究

从本土企业的视角,提出了一个跨国公司网络内本土企业学习有效性的研究模型,并对模型中决定本土企业学习效应的2个关键因素,即本土企业的社会资本和吸收能力进行了实证检验,考察了本土企业的知识接近能力以及相对吸收能力在此影响过程中的中介作用.结果表明,整体模型达到基本适配标准;本土企业的社会资本和吸收能力对其学习效应均没有显著的直接影响;知识接近能力在组织间信任和学习效应之间扮演了中介角色;相对吸收能力则无论对学习效应的直接影响还是作为吸收能力的中介作用都是显著的.     

伙伴类型多样性对探索式创新绩效的影响北大核心CSSCI

动荡环境下,越来越多的企业尝试与不同组织进行研发合作,企业合作研发伙伴的多样性特征随之凸显。作为伙伴多样性的重要维度,伙伴类型多样性与企业创新绩效的关系仍存在较大争议,并且缺乏从企业内部知识网络整体凝聚特征的视角探讨伙伴类型多样性影响企业创新绩效的边界条件。整合知识基础观和开放式创新理论,基于合作研发主体的组织类型,研究伙伴类型多样性对企业探索式创新绩效的作用机理,分析企业内部知识网络整体凝聚特征(知识网络聚集度和知识网络密度)的复杂调节作用。选取中国361家整车或汽车零部件制造企业作为研究样本,运用UCINET 6.487构建样本企业内部知识网络,并采用负二项回归方法、运用Stata软件进行实证分析。研究结果表明,伙伴类型多样性与企业探索式创新绩效之间呈倒U形关系,伙伴类型多样性较低时,提升知识网络聚集度会削弱伙伴类型多样性与探索式创新绩效之间的正向关系,而提高知识网络密度则增强两者之间的正向关系;伙伴类型多样性较高时,提升知识网络聚集度会削弱伙伴类型多样性与探索式创新绩效之间的负向关系,而提高知识网络密度则增强两者之间的负向关系。在理论层面,厘清了伙伴类型多样性对探索式创新的影响,通过引入知识基础结构特征为伙伴类型多样性研究提供新的理论整合视角,深化了对知识元素整体整合模式及其对创新作用机制的理解;在实践层面,启示管理者在与越来越多的不同类型伙伴进行合作研发时留意“过犹不及”的风险,并关注技术知识基础在企业知识整合实践中的重要作用,根据知识网络凝聚特征调整开放式创新策略。     

Enriching Absorptive Capacity through Social Interaction

Absorptive capacity is frequently highlighted as a key determinant of knowledge transfer within multinational enterprises. But how individual behaviour translates into absorptive capacity at the subsidiary level, and how this is contingent on subsidiaries' social context, remains under‐addressed. This not only limits our understanding of the relationship between individual‐ and organizational‐level absorptive capacity, but also hampers further research on potentially relevant managerial and organizational antecedents, and limits the implications we can draw for practitioners who seek to increase their organization's capacity to put new knowledge to use. To address this shortcoming we conduct an in‐depth comparative case study of a headquarters‐initiated knowledge transfer at two subsidiaries of the same multinational enterprise. The findings demonstrate that social interaction is a prerequisite for subsidiary absorptive capacity as it enables employees to participate in the transformation of new knowledge to the local context and the development of local applications. The findings also illustrate how organizational conditions at the subsidiary level can impact subsidiary absorptive capacity by enabling or constraining local interaction patterns. These insights contribute to the absorptive capacity literature by demonstrating the scale and scope of social interaction as a key link between individual‐ and organizational‐level absorptive capacity.     

Network Embeddedness in Exploration and Exploitation of Joint R&D Projects: A Structural Approach

This paper analyses how network embeddedness affects the exploration and exploitation of R&D project performance. By developing joint projects, partners and projects are linked to one another and form a network that generates social capital. We examine how the location, which determines the access to information and knowledge within a network of relationships, affects the performance of projects. We consider this question in the setup of exploration and exploitation projects, using a database built from an EU framework. We find that each of the structural embeddedness dimensions (degree, betweenness and eigenvector centrality) have a different impact on the exploration and exploitation project performance. Our empirical analysis extends to project management literature and social capital theory, by including the effect that the acquisition of external knowledge has on the performance of the project.     

A Social Capital Perspective of Innovation from Individuals to Nations: Where is Empirical Literature Directing Us?

Social capital is regarded as the bedrock of innovation. However, inadequate efforts have been made to synthesize the way in which different components of social capital dynamically influence innovation. This paper reviews existing empirical studies on the relationship between social capital and innovation of the individual, team, organization, city and nation. Analyses were carried out to identify consensus, discordances and gaps in the social capital–innovation connection. The findings suggested that the structural components of social capital, including ego network size, structural holes, tie strength and centrality have a significant impact on innovation. Their impact, however, tends to be moderated by contextual and intellectual factors, such as the nature and type of innovation, internal vs external ties, costs of maintaining the ties and existing intellectual capital. The relational components of social capital, trust and cognitive norms, demonstrated a consistently positive relationship with innovation across contexts. The cognitive components of social capital have not sufficiently established their contribution to innovation apart from the other two dimensions. Several insights regarding the general literature on social capital and innovation were identified, including the conceptualization of social capital, measurement of innovation, and the causal relationship between social capital and innovation. Suggestions are offered for future research agenda. Implications for managerial practices based on the study findings are also drawn.     

企业融资约束与创新绩效:人力资本社会网络的视角

企业融资约束对创新绩效具有重要的影响作用。现有相关研究对企业融资约束与创新绩效之间可能存在的、更为复杂的非线性关系考虑不足，同时偏重从企业外部宏观的角度提出缓解二者之间消极关系的方法，不利于企业能动性的发挥。本文通过结合领英（LinkedIn）在线简历大数据和国泰安（CSMAR）上市企业相关数据，实证研究了我国上市企业融资约束与创新绩效之间存在的复杂关系以及人力资本社会网络在其中发挥的重要作用。研究结果表明，企业融资约束与创新绩效之间存在显著的倒U型关联，企业中高层管理者、科技人才的流动所形成的人力资本社会网络对企业融资约束与创新绩效之间的关系存在显著的积极调节作用。研究结论延续和深化了企业融资约束与创新的相关研究，并进一步丰富与拓展了人力资本社会网络在企业行为研究中的应用。     

External knowledge search,absorptive capacity and radical innovation in high-technology firms

Open innovation and absorptive capacity are two concepts based on the idea that companies can leverage the knowledge generated externally to improve their innovation performance. The aim of this paper is to analyse the joint effect of open innovation and absorptive capacity on a firm's radical innovation. Open innovation is expressed in terms of external search breadth and depth strategies and absorptive capacity is described by distinguishing between potential and realized absorptive capacity. In order to test our hypotheses, we carried out empirical research in firms operating in high-technology industries. The results indicate that internal routines and processes for absorbing external knowledge help explain radical innovation as they show a significant effect of potential and realized absorptive capacity. Also, there is a moderating effect of absorptive capacity on open innovation. Specifically, potential absorptive capacity exerts a positive effect on the relationship between external search breadth and depth and radical innovation. Realized absorptive capacity moderates the influence of external search breadth. These findings confirm the complementary nature of absorptive capacity and open innovation search strategies on radical innovation.     

Knowledge transfer in MNCs: Examining how intrinsic motivations and knowledge sourcing impact individual centrality and performance

Studies investigating individual performance in knowledge-intensive work are finding that individual performance is a result, to some degree, of obtaining the right information to solve novel, challenging problems. Yet we know little about the role that the individual plays in the knowledge processes in multinationals and the relationship between individual knowledge sourcing activities and performance. Our expectation is that successful knowledge transfer will be based on an individual's intrinsic motivation, access to knowledge from explicit or tacit knowledge sources within and across firm boundaries, and position in the overall advice network of the multinational corporation. Using survey and social network data collected in one multinational consulting firm, we investigated the knowledge sourcing activities and informal advice networks for 1439 of the entire 1698 individuals in one multinational spread across 28 offices (84.7% response rate). Through hierarchical regression analysis we find that 1) intrinsic motivations are strongly related to creativity and efficiency and 2) MNCs should support individual level activities that include not only the use of internal knowledge sources but also the use of external knowledge sources. Research results also suggest that 3) there are different patterns of knowledge sourcing activities based on whether efficient or creative performance is the goal and 4) these differ significantly depending upon the functional group to which the individual belongs. Implications for theories of the knowledge-based view of the multinational corporation and practical implications for managers are discussed.