共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Temporary Employment and Social Inequality in Canada: Exploring Intersections of Gender, Race and Immigration Status 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using data from the 2002–2004 waves of Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this article investigates the consequences of
different types of temporary employment—fixed-term or contract, casual, agency and seasonal employment—for differently situated
workers in Canada. Attention to intersecting social locations of gender, race and immigrant status helps capture the complex
implications of temporary work for inequality. In particular, it highlights the salience of gender relations in shaping workers’
experience of insecurity in different types of temporary employment.
相似文献
Leah F. VoskoEmail: |
2.
Casual employment is extensive and has been increasing for more than two decades in Australia. The concept of casual employment
used in the Australian context is unusual, but it is directly linked to benefit and rights exclusion within the regulatory
framework governing employment. The expansion in casual employment has spread across all sectors, industries and occupations.
Casual employment is associated with various forms of insecurity including income and employment insecurity. There are a number
of ways in which the insecurity associated with casual employment could be reduced.
相似文献
Iain Campbell (Corresponding author)Email: |
3.
Survey data from a U.S. Department of Agriculture funded multi-state longitudinal project revealed a paradox where rural low-income
families from states considered prosperous were persistently more food insecure than similar families from less prosperous
states. An examination of quantitative and qualitative data found that families in the food insecure states were more likely
to experience greater material hardship and incur greater housing costs than families in the food secure states. Families
in the food insecure states, however, did not have lower per capita median incomes or lower life satisfaction than those in
the food secure states. A wide range of strategies to cope with food insecurity reported by families in both food insecure
and food secure states was examined using the Family Ecological Systems Theory. Families in the food insecure states used
several risky consumption reduction strategies such as curbing their appetite and using triage. Families in the food secure
states, on the other hand, employed positive techniques involving their human capital.
相似文献
Leslie RichardsEmail: |
4.
Diane-Gabrielle Tremblay 《Social indicators research》2008,88(1):115-130
The term “casual work” is not well defined in the literature and can include a diversity of types of employment. In this paper,
we first present an introduction and definition of concepts related to job security and economic insecurity. Second, a view
on the main labour market transformations, their causes and impacts, with more accent on self-employment. We will then reflect
on policy issues and on how social policies can impact on job security, and this is where we will introduce the new Québec
parental leave regime, which is a welcome effort to alleviate insecurity and economic difficulty for self-employed parents,
taking gender into account. We will conclude by considerations on the importance of economic security and the policies which
could support this, in a context where many stress the fact that “boundaryless” or “nomadic” careers are the way of the future
and that workers should simply adapt to this new context.
相似文献
Diane-Gabrielle TremblayEmail: |
5.
6.
Life Goals Matter to Happiness: A Revision of Set-Point Theory 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Bruce Headey 《Social indicators research》2008,86(2):213-231
Using data from the long-running German Socio-Economic Panel Survey (SOEP), this paper provides evidence that life goals matter
substantially to subjective well-being (SWB). Non-zero sum goals, which include commitment to family, friends and social and
political involvement, promote life satisfaction. Zero sum goals, including commitment to career success and material gains,
appear detrimental to life satisfaction. Finding that conscious life goals matter can potentially make an important contribution
to SWB theory. The most widely accepted theory—set-point or dynamic equilibrium theory—essentially claims that set-points
are near-automatic consequences of hereditary characteristics, including personality traits. Life goals play no role in these
theories and major life events are viewed as having only a transitory effect. The SOEP panel data show that, over a 15–20
year period, non-trivial minorities record substantial changes in their set-points. This paper shows linkages between these
changes and (a) the personality traits of extraversion, neuroticism and internal locus of control and (b) choice of life goals.
相似文献
Bruce HeadeyEmail: |
7.
Maria Gutiérrez-Domènech 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):83-110
This paper investigates how education and the labour market affect Spanish individual decisions on the timing of marriage
and births, using a Cox hazard approach. It disentangles men and women, and two groups, Cohort 1945–1960 and Cohort 1961–1977.
Results show that female employment delays marriage in Cohort 1945–1960, but it has a reverse effect in Cohort 1961–1977.
We also find evidence that employment is a barrier for family formation since employed women postpone births in both cohorts.
The precarious Spanish labour markets, captured by female unemployment rates, delay family formation, especially by putting
off marriage. Male unemployment, at the individual level, impacts negatively on fertility only through delaying marriage.
相似文献
Maria Gutiérrez-DomènechEmail: |
8.
Guy Standing 《Social indicators research》2008,88(1):15-30
Casualisation has both negative and positive sides, for both workers and employers. This article considers how the positive
sides could be developed while allowing casual work to continue to grow. In reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of
casual labour for employers, the paper depicts casualisation (and the related process of ‘informalisation’) as usually involving
seven forms of economic insecurity for the worker. The modern casualisation that is taking place as part of globalisation
involves a steady restructuring of social income and labour recommodification, in which many workers are finding that an increasing share of their remuneration is coming
from money wages, which are a relatively insecure part of their social income. As a result, there is a need to find new ways
of providing income security that could allow workers to accept the more casual work arrangements without excessive anxiety
and alienation. The article is, essentially, an argument for a re-assertion of a common sense of social solidarity, in which
casual work can be a normal part of a flexible labour and work system.
相似文献
Guy StandingEmail: |
9.
Barbara Wolfe Robert Haveman Karen Pence Jonathan A. Schwabish 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(1):73-100
We hypothesize that teen nonmarital birth events are influenced by adolescent girls’ perceptions of the consequences of their
choices. Two such consequences are explored: (1) a teen’s expected future marriage and cohabitation relationships and (2)
the present value of expected future income. We also measure the effects of the characteristics of the teen, her prior choices,
her family, her neighborhood, and the social and economic environment in which she lives. The results, based on the Michigan
Panel Study of Income Dynamics, suggest that teens place greater weight on the relationship consequences than the income consequences,
but that both consequences influence their nonmarital birth choices.
相似文献
Jonathan A. SchwabishEmail: |
10.
Craig Gundersen 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):191-215
Within the extensive food insecurity literature, little work has been done regarding (a) the depth and severity of food insecurity
and (b) the food insecurity of American Indians. This paper addresses both these topics with data from the 2001 to 2004 Core
Food Security Module of the Current Population Survey. To measure food insecurity, three axiomatically derived measures of
food insecurity are used. As expected, given the worse economic conditions facing American Indians, their food insecurity
levels are generally higher than non-American Indians. However, the magnitude and significance of these differences differ
depending on the choice of food insecurity measure.
相似文献
Craig GundersenEmail: |
11.
Florian Pichler 《Social indicators research》2009,92(3):449-469
Research on work-life balance (WLB) has presented important insights into the problems of combining family aspirations with
paid work in relation to policy relevant agendas. Using the ESS II (2004/2005), we examine work-related and household/family-related
causes of WLB. We can corroborate other research findings that show that work-related aspects explain by far the largest part
of the variation in WLB. However, we illustrate that the measurement of WLB is partly problematic. Because WLB scales conceptualize
the work component more specifically than the life component, what ‘life’ means remains rather intangible apart from general
references to the ‘home’, ‘housework’ and ‘family responsibilities’. This largely neglects different emic dimensions to WLB
common to specific subgroups and renders the measurement rather abstract. Second, the wordings of WLB indicators already include
their most probable explanations. There is the danger of a circular argument here and many explanations seem tautological.
This makes it difficult to conclude on the effects of other than work-related aspects on WLB, which are, arguably, also important
aspects of WLB. Finally, WLB scales hardly correlate with relevant external criteria, for instance subjective well-being.
Following from these findings, we discuss what these WLB scales could really measure and propose to broaden quantitative empirical
approaches to it.
相似文献
Florian PichlerEmail: Email: |
12.
Extracting the causal component from the intergenerational correlation in unemployment 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Tyra Ekhaugen 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(1):97-113
This paper examines the intergenerational correlation in unemployment in Norway and discusses and estimates two approaches
for extracting the causal component: sibling differences and the use of parental unemployment occurring after the child’s
outcome as control for the unobserved family heterogeneity. Confirming existing evidence, I find a substantial intergenerational
correlation in unemployment. Almost half of this is due to observed family heterogeneity. The causal effect is found to be
statistically insignificant by both identification strategies, but while the estimated effect is negative on the sample made
for the sibling-difference approach, this finding is not replicated on a less selective sample.
相似文献
Tyra EkhaugenEmail: |
13.
The authors seek to give an overview of ways in which social indicators relevant to research on children affected by armed
conflict can be developed, and how such research can be carried out. Technical and methodological challenges involved in this
pursuit are discussed. It is argued that data production must consider issues of definition and delineation of the phenomenon
of war-affected children more actively than it does currently. An analytical approach is proposed, in which children’s characteristics
in different situations, or in different stages of conflict, may be used as intakes to understanding how the social processes
pertaining to life histories of children in armed conflict are created and reproduced.
相似文献
Tone SommerfeltEmail: |
14.
This paper estimates the impact of a recent expansion in Canadian paid family leave from 25 to 50 weeks on maternal employment
and transfer income. It finds the expansion coincided with increases in transfers to mothers of children age zero to one relative
to mothers of children age three to four, and with decreases in returns to work in the year after birth. These changes were
concentrated among economically advantaged groups of women, defined by marital status, education, and non-wage income. Despite
these changes, there was no evidence of a decrease in returns to work or relative employment for mothers of children age one.
相似文献
Maria HanrattyEmail: |
15.
David L. Carr 《Population and environment》2007,29(2):83-101
This case study examines the link between marine resource management, and the universal contraceptive use among married couples in the lobster-fishing village of Punta Allen, located in the Sian Ka’an Biosphere
Reserve, Quintana Roo, Mexico. Several reasons appear to contribute to small desired and actual family sizes. Some of these
include a medical clinic staff effective in promoting family planning, cooperative and private resource ownership, changing
cultural attitudes, geographical limitations to population and economic growth, and a desire to conserve the environment for
aesthetic and economic motives. Lastly, families desired to preserve a sustained balance between benefiting from lobster harvests
today and safeguarding this marine resource for their children in the future.
相似文献
David L. CarrEmail: |
16.
This paper examines recent changes in weekly income levels and dispersion for Māori, New Zealand’s indigenous ethnic group.
Changes in the Māori income distribution between 1997 and 2003 reflect rapid increases in economic growth and employment rate.
A reduced proportion of people had zero or benefit-level incomes and a higher proportion had high incomes. Income inequality
declined for working-aged Māori and was stable for employed Māori. The average income gap between Māori and Europeans declined.
The increased Māori employment rate during this period was the single most important driver of changes in the Māori income
distribution.
相似文献
David C. Maré (Corresponding author)Email: |
17.
Midori Wakabayashi 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):983-1005
In this paper, I examine, using Japanese cross-section data, whether “the retirement consumption puzzle” exists, and if so,
why. My results show that both the anticipated consumption during retirement of working households and the actual consumption
during retirement of retired households are much lower than the actual consumption before retirement of working households.
I find that the anticipated decline in consumption after retirement is due primarily to the anticipated decline in family
size after retirement, but that it might also be due partly to other factors. These results suggest that consumption does
indeed decline after retirement, but that this decline is largely due to factors that are consistent with the life cycle hypothesis.
相似文献
Midori WakabayashiEmail: |
18.
The dynamics of immigrant welfare and labor market behavior 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper analyzes transitions into and out of social assistance, unemployment, and employment. We estimate a dynamic multinomial
logit model, controlling for endogenous initial condition and unobserved heterogeneity, using a large representative Swedish
panel data set. The empirical results suggest that particularly refugee immigrants display a greater degree of “structural”
state dependence than natives. The high welfare participation rates among refugee immigrants may be due to the existence of
a “welfare trap”, while participation among natives and non-refugee immigrants is largely due to permanent unobserved characteristics.
These results suggest that welfare reforms may have differential effects on refugee immigrants and natives.
相似文献
Magnus LofstromEmail: |
19.
Children are increasingly spending time in cohabiting parent families. Most studies that examine the implications of parental
cohabitation focus on parental living arrangements at a single point in time. Using data from the National Survey of Family
Growth (NSFG), we assess whether and how parental cohabitation during childhood influences adolescent girls’ well-being. This
work moves beyond prior studies by specifically considering the effects of the exposure to, transitions, and age at which
children lived in cohabiting parent families. The results indicate living in cohabiting parent families is consequential for
earlier sexual initiation, likelihood of having a teen birth, and high school graduation. Prior work suggests that the explanation
for the negative effect of parental cohabitation is family instability. Yet, our empirical work shows that family instability
does not explain the relationship between cohabitation and negative child outcomes. We conclude that the best way to understand
the implications of parental cohabitation is to adopt a dynamic family experience model.
相似文献
Ronald E. BulandaEmail: |
20.
Money Does not Buy Happiness: Or Does It? A Reassessment Based on the Combined Effects of Wealth,Income and Consumption 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The paper uses household economic panel data from five countries—Australia, Britain, Germany, Hungary and The Netherlands—to
provide a reassessment of the impact of economic well-being on happiness. The main conclusion is that happiness is considerably
more affected by economic circumstances than previously believed. In all five countries wealth affects life satisfaction more
than income. In the countries for which consumption data are available (Britain and Hungary), non-durable consumption expenditures
also prove at least as important to happiness as income.
相似文献
Bruce HeadeyEmail: |