Effects of societal intergration, period, region, and culture of suicide on male age-specific suicide rates: 20 developed countries, 1955-1989

Multiple indicators of societal integration and proxies for the culture of suicide form the model used to explain variation in male age-specific suicide rates from 1955 to 1989 in 20 developed countries. The hypothesis that certain determinants of suicide rates have changed over the period between 1955 and 1989 was rejected, as was the hypothesis that there are effects of period, net of measured predictors. The determinants of suicide rates do vary by age, with the culture of suicide playing an especially important role in the 35-64 age group.     

发达国家城乡一体化发展之“镜”与“径”——基于“四个自信”的我国城乡一体化发展路向探析

党的十九大报告明确指出实施乡村振兴战略,实现乡村振兴关键在推进城乡一体化发展,统筹城乡发展需要遵循“政府主导、城镇联动、全员参与”的建设规律.发达国家在城镇化进程中,所采取的“田园城市”“工业化与城镇化并重”和“城市农村一体化”等发展模式具有可借鉴与复制性.有鉴于此,发达国家城乡一体化的内在逻辑及城乡一体化经验可以“镜鉴”到中国特色城镇化的建设进程中,并立体化绘就出“科学发展先行、社会需要导向和多元成本分担”的中国特色城乡一体化建设蓝图,并彰显出“道路自信、理论自信、制度自信、文化自信”在我国城乡一体化建设中的新时代意涵.     

发达国家住房政策的演变及其对我国的启示

住房问题是近年来国内各界所关注的一个社会热点问题。在住房生产、供给、消费过程中,国家究竟要扮演什么样的角色,这在国内外都是一个长期存在争议的问题。根据文献资料,论述发达国家住房政策形成的历史背景,分析住房政策同社会、经济、政治、文化等重要因素的关系,如政治体制和意识形态、社会文化传统、经济发展水平、人口和社会结构、劳工市场状况等,阐述了国家干预住房问题可运用的一些具体措施,并根据一些发达国家在住房问题上的经验教训,提出了对解决我国住房问题的若干启示。     

发达国家市场结构寡头垄断化趋势及其对我国的启示

寡头垄断是市场结构的具体形态之一。进入20世纪80年,寡头垄断逐步成为发达国家产业市场的一种普遍的结构形态。古典经济学以“寡头垄断”会造成社会福利的损失为理由,对其加以否定。实际上,就现实存在的寡头垄断与垄断竞争的两种市场结构形态来看,寡头垄断结构更具规模经济效应、技术创新效应,并有利于一国产业结构的升级。针对我国低集中、分散竞争的市场结构状态,应制定实施以提高市场集中度为导向的产业组织政策、赋予企业市场竞争主体地位、培育市场中的主导企业、推动中小企业的发展并与主导企业实现分工协作等措施,优化我国的市场结构。     

欠发达地区的精神贫困与精神脱贫思路探析

一从物质的角度来探索、评价欠发达地区的脱贫致富 ,自然会得到较多的肯定和赞同 ,因为它易于被注视及描述 ,它的显性成果容易取得 ,也易于被接受和认可 ,并被赋予形而上的意义。因此我国理论界目前对贫困概念的界定都以物质财富的多寡为评判标准。如国家统计局农调队认为 :“贫困是个人或家庭依靠劳动所得和其他合法收入不能维持其基本的生存需求。”汪之贵认为 :“贫困是缺乏生活资料 ,缺少劳动力再生产的物质条件 ,或者因收入低而仅能维持相当低的生活水平。”① 以这种贫困定义为基础的反贫困理论研究 ,自然不会重视精神贫困问题。这种…     

Heterogeneity in the rise and decline of city-level homicide rates, 1976-2005: A latent trajectory analysis

This study applies latent trajectory methods to the analysis of temporal changes in homicide rates among large US cities across recent decades. Specifically, annual homicide rates for 157 large US cities are analyzed for the 30 years from 1976 to 2005. We address the fundamental questions: Did all of cities experience similar levels and patterns of rise and decline in homicide rates over these three decades? Or is there hidden or unobserved heterogeneity with respect to these temporal patterns, thus leading to the identification of more homogeneous groupings of the cities? And if latent homogeneous groupings surface, is membership due to specific structural characteristics found within those cities? Evidence is found for the existence of four latent homicide rate trajectories. After identifying and classifying the cities into these four groups, multivariate statistical techniques are used to determine which social and economic characteristics are significant predictors of these distinct homicide trends. Criminal justice measures are also included as controls. It is found that larger cities located in the South with higher levels of resource deprivation/concentrated poverty, higher income inequality, higher percentages of the adult male population that are divorced, higher unemployment rates, higher percentages of youth, higher percentages of the population who are Hispanic and higher numbers of police per capita are more likely to be in a higher than a lower homicide trajectory group. Higher percentages of the population enrolled in colleges and universities and locations in states with higher incarceration rates are characteristics of cities associated with membership in a lower homicide trajectory group.     

History,place, and racial self-representation in 21st century America

How is a person's racial self-representation related to the race history of the place in which he or she lives? We use Census Bureau data about race and ancestry to address this research question for two groups of people with mixed racial heritage: those reporting white and American Indian heritages, or reporting black and American Indian heritages. Links between history, place, and self-representation can be seen in geographic clustering for each race/ancestry response combination. We use multinomial logistic regression models to predict individuals' race/ancestry responses (e.g., white with American Indian ancestry versus white and American Indian races) using measures of local race history and the area's contemporary racial composition. Multivariate results highlight the relationship between a person's identity claims and the history of the area, net of contemporary area composition. Future research should attend to the history of the place as a potential contributor to contemporary patterns.     

21世纪亚太地区经济贸易格局展望

本文剖析了亚太区域经济发展中的多极化构架以及亚太经合组织发展的前景和特点,并由此推导出亚大地区经济贸易合作领域广阔、发展潜力巨大的客观趋势.与此同时也强调指出,由于亚太经合组织成员国之间在自然地理条件、经济发展水平、文化、历史背景、宗教信仰以及社会政治制度上的差别,导致了亚太区域经济合作必然是开放中的竞争与竞争中的合作.由此也决定了发展中国家只有坚持正确的经济发展战略,以顺应全球经济一体化的时代潮流.     

解决“三农”问题是中国现代化建设的世纪主题

中国是个农业大国。世纪以来,农业、农村、农民问题在中国革命与建设中始终处于特殊重要的位置。2021世纪是中华民族实现伟大复兴的关键世纪,也是中国农业实现现代化、农村走向繁荣、农民进入富裕和全面推进中国现代化建设的世纪。因此,“三农”问题将在中华民族走向伟大复兴的新的历史征程中处于极其重要的位置,从这个意义上来说,中国的社会主义现代化建设成功与否取决于“三农”问题的解决与否,在世纪里我们必须采取行之有效的措21施从根本上解决“三农”问题。     

应用型本科院校产学研一体化的现实困境与纾解之道

产学研一体化发展是我国关于加快教育经济发展,促进应用型高校转型升级,提高高校和科研单位科研成果使用转化率的重要发展战略,它对于高校有针对性地培养适应社会经济发展实际需求的高素质、综合型人才,对于企业提升创新能力,实现可持续发展等都有重要的实践意义,文章在阐述了应用型本科院校产学研一体化实施的必要性基础上,对其面临的现实困境进行了分析,并论述了产学研一体化的实践路径,以期为应用型本科院校产学研一体化发展提供有益的参考和借鉴。     

魏晋南北朝鼓吹的种类、功用和特征

鼓吹是我国古代的一种军乐。魏晋南北朝时鼓吹可分为短箫铙歌、黄门鼓吹、骑吹和曲盖鼓吹四种;这一时期是鼓吹发展、兴盛时期,也是其开始制度化并成熟时期,鼓吹主要在军事及其相关活动方面发挥着更多的作用,并随时代的不同而表现出不同的特征。     

新时期中亚地区经贸一体化背景、现状及前景探析

后苏联时代在多方因素制约下,中亚地区经贸一体化进程一直未取得根本性突破。近年来随着本地区经济的发展,内外部大环境的变化以及地区互联互通水平的显著改善,中亚经贸一体化进程出现了新的转机。在回顾以往相关研究成果的基础上,首先对中亚地区经贸一体化面临的新背景进行了分析,继而从贸易的角度切入,对中亚地区1995-2019年的区域内部贸易额和区内贸易占比的整体情况进行了分阶段研究,发现该地区内部贸易联系在持续加深,这种趋势在2015年后尤为明显。最后,根据分析结果提出中亚一体化进程在疫情后继续推进的必要性,并指出该地区在对经贸一体化路径选择时应注意的问题。     

恐怖与反恐怖：21世纪另类战争的理论思考

“以9．11”恐怖袭击及美对阿军事打击为标志，恐怖与反恐怖发展到了战争形态。第九次APEC领导人在上海发表联合反恐怖声明，标志着国际合作反恐的正式开始。为了卓有成效地推进国际反恐合作，必须对恐怖主义，恐怖主义的根源形成共识。界定恐怖主义应抓住本质特征并便于认定。恐怖主义的根源应从冲突双方的利益矛盾去寻找。合作反恐怖，必须确立反恐怖合作的新思维。     

21世纪中国与日、印、俄战略关系走势探析

21世纪世界形势正在发生新的变化,各种力量将会重新分化组合,这对中国构筑长期的和平稳定、睦邻友好、合作发展的周边环境带来了新机遇和新挑战。在"一超多极"格局下,积极推动中日、中印、中俄关系的正常发展,对确保中国周边安全和国内社会经济发展具有重要的战略意义。     

Religion, politics, and support for same-sex marriage in the United States, 1988-2008

We examine how religious and political factors structure support for same-sex marriage in the United States over the last two decades. Using data from the General Social Surveys, we show that respondents who identify more strongly with the Republican Party, sectarian denominations, and those who subscribe to biblical fundamentalism and political conservatism are substantially more opposed to same-sex marriage than are other Americans. Heterogeneous ordinal logistic regression models show that these religious and political factors have become more important over the last two decades. Cohorts born after 1945 became substantially more supportive of marriage rights between 1988 and 2008, but shifts in support for marriage rights were less sizeable for persons affiliated with sectarian denominations, religious fundamentalists, Republicans, and political conservatives. Estimates from structural equation models show that religious factors influence political conservatism and Republican identification, yet both religious and political factors have significant and substantial independent direct effects on support for same-sex marriage.     

制度、自组织与秩序--兼论中国社会的制度变迁

在促成良好社会秩序的问题上,人们往往强调秩序是由制度规范出来的,主张用制度去规范人们的行为从而促成所欲求的秩序,但是仅有制度,或者说仅从制度的制定和执行方面去考虑,并不足以有效地促成秩序,秩序的形成与维持还需要另外一种机制:自组织,并且这种机制的作用可能更为根本。当前中国社会所出现的一定程度上的失序与不和谐,也往往是由于社会的自组织性有所减弱所致。     

网络时代的消费特征、企业变革和企业文化

新的传媒革命所造成的网络时代,至少形成了不同于传统社会的六大消费特征,并使得企业面貌出现系列的变革,企业在这个动态节点的网络社会中将重新洗牌。网络时代的企业要在这个时代保持其核心竞争力,以适应新的竞争环境,需要建立新的企业文化战略和企业文化构架。     

同乡网络的分化、排斥与整合——以曲士文暴动为视角

晚清山东发生以曲士文为首的抗捐运动,围绕朝廷和山东地方当局对此采取武力镇压的措施,处于社会中上层的旅京鲁籍人员迅速响应,表现出两种不同的处理态度:一种为同情和支持这场运动,为反对朝廷和地方的镇压而积极行动,并得到其他省份鲁籍同乡的支持,展现出前所未有的、强大的凝聚力,使得山东同乡网络更富有韧性和张力;一种为鼓动朝廷和山东地方当局,力主对这场民变剿办。由此,旅京山东人因为部分同乡的言行根本异于共同立场而导致同乡网络发生分化、排斥。这种凝聚与分化、排斥并行的格局,使得同乡网络处于动态的整合过程之中。     

Residential segregation in metropolitan established immigrant gateways and new destinations, 1990-2000

In the 1990s, many immigrants bypassed established gateways like Los Angeles, New York, Chicago, and Miami to create new immigrant destinations across the US. In this paper, we examine how segregation and spatial assimilation might differ between established gateways and new destinations among the 150 largest metropolitan areas. Using data from the 1990 and 2000 censuses, we calculate levels of dissimilarity for Hispanics and Asians by nativity for these two gateway types. Our findings show that segregation levels are consistently lower in new destinations. However, Hispanics in new destinations experienced significant increases segregation during the 1990s, suggesting a convergence in residential patterns by destination type. Nevertheless, in both destinations the native-born are less segregated than the foreign born—consistent with immigrant spatial incorporation. Finally, socioeconomic indicators are generally consistent with predictions of spatial assimilation.     

美术、神话与史前社会权力结构变迁

从美术、神话与史前社会权力结构关系入手,利用当代考古学资料,考察史前女神与史前女性权力间的关系;神谱与父权间的关系;巫师角色与领袖权力的关系,以及由对神意垄断的巫师特权到对整个社会权力实施垄断的王权的权力结构变迁。从美术、神话与权力结构之间关系来探索中国史前社会,并进而对人类制度化文明产生的过程进行更深入认识。