后现代主义视野下的管理学实证主义研究范式思考

从后现代主义的视角入手,通过对后现代主义所具有的语言实在论、反本质主义、反基础主义等观点的介绍和总结,揭示了管理学实证主义所具有的局限。进一步指出,这些局限的存在决定了管理学研究应该坚持一种多元主义的路线。     

“黑板管理学”及其来源

在国内外学术界，管理学研究都出现了某种程度上的“黑板化”倾向。从管理学研究中实证方法的应用来看，可以将管理学理论与实践脱节的“黑板管理学”的来淝总结为以下三个原因：概念没有界定、无法测量的“泛量表式研究”；概念分解中的“伪还原”；忽视应用的“管理解释学”。     

中国本土管理学何以可能——对“独特性”的追问、确证与范式革命

将中国本土管理存在的基础建立在中国管理情境的特殊性之上是不可靠的,国内管理学术界当前主流的情境化研究不一定能产生中国本土管理学。这是因为,由于辅助假设的存在,情境独特性既无法被确证,也无法被否证,因此,中国本土管理学必须立基于视角的独特性。视角的独特性而非情境的独特性才是中国本土管理学可靠的基础;从而也是本土研究与非本土研究的真正分水岭,并且,仅有视角的独特性还不够,按照拉卡托斯的观点,这种视角的独特性必须强大到突破原有理论的硬核,才有可能成为新的理论体系。这种对原来理论体系硬核的突破无疑就是库恩所说的范式革命。     

设立“现代管理奖”启事

为了推动管理学领域的理论和实践创新,提升中国管理学研究的国际影响力,丰富全球管理理论体系,促进管理学人才培养,推动本土企业现代化、全球化发展,我们拟从2022年开始设立“现代管理奖”。“现代管理奖”的愿景是:立足管理实践、促进创新研究、服务国家发展“现代管理奖”依据《国家科学技术奖励条例》和《社会力量设立科学技术奖管理办法》有关规定。     

本土管理研究的哲学基础思考——对李平、李鑫的一些观点的讨论

针对近来不少学者围绕本土管理研究与中国传统哲学的关系进行的讨论,对一些学者的观点提出了商榷意见:认为李平没有充分考虑西方哲学20世纪后的后现代转向及其对管理学研究带来的重大影响;同时也不赞同李平提出的中国传统文化根基在道家、而非儒家的观点;传统的道家、儒家各有所长,对于本土管理研究来说更重要的是对二者加以融合,而非区分.此外,李鑫关于“中庸”的讨论也值得商榷,中庸的本质应该在于“诚”,而非像李鑫所描述的那样.     

中国背景下的政府治理及其规律:研究展望北大核心CSCDCSSCI

中国背景下的政府治理及其规律是中国管理学的重大研究议题之一,相关研究对助力国家治理体系与治理能力现代化建设有着重要的理论意义和应用价值.通过对国内外政府治理实践经验和学术研究成果的梳理以及未来研究趋势的研判,以国家自然科学基金委员会管理科学部“十四五”发展战略优先领域“中国背景的政府治理及其规律”专家会议研讨为基础,本文提出:“十四五”期间,中国管理学界应围绕中国特色政府治理实践的变迁模式及规律,政府-市场-社会协同的公共服务与资源配置规律,信息技术对国家治理体系和能力现代化的影响规律,以及中国特色的政策科学前沿理论与规律这四个主要研究方向展开学术探索,解答相关科学问题,持续增进政府治理领域的理论积累.     

传统文化基因与中国本土管理研究的对接:现有研究策略与未来探索思路

中华传统文化的独特基因是由核心框架及其应用概念构成的复杂层次结构。为借助独特基因来构建中国本土管理科学,学术界运用了文化核心植入式与文化情境嵌入式2种策略。前者将传统文化的特有基因当作本土管理学的内核植入到现有的西方管理学理论之中,在汲取前人文化精髓的同时,忽略了其与当前管理实践之间的不匹配。后者将文化视为中国本土管理研究中的环境变量,在借鉴西方管理理论与方法的同时,忽视了文化的内生角色。未来应采取将文化当作内生变量的研究策略,秉持辩证的认识论与本体论,逐步实现对传统文化独特基因的现代化解读,择取独特的研究视角,并根据问题来有效选择研究方法,由此扎实推进中国本土管理科学的健康发展。     

中国本土管理研究的理论与实践问题:对徐淑英的访谈

如何处理好“管理研究的学术严谨性与实践相关性”问题,是管理学者最大的挑战之一.中国大陆管理学研究应从仅仅追求严谨性转变为既严谨又有着现实或潜在的社会影响.中国管理学者需要真正地进行探索性研究来发展中国管理的新构念和理论,依赖于现有文献的模仿和构建不会带来根本的创新.用中国的文化来理解当代中国的管理实践是构建本土理论的尚佳方法.本土研究既可以促进本地管理知识的发展,又可以通过展示中国的管理,区分与西方管理可能的相似或不同,以提升全球管理知识.没有本土的理论,就不能进行真正的比较研究.     

VUCA时代本土管理情境特征的结构化演化研究

管理学科的实践属性决定了管理理论具有较强的时空情境依赖特征。本土情境作为中国企业成长不可分割的基本载体,也是促进管理理论与特色实践交融共生的底层影响要素。鉴于当前普遍存在“西方理论难适用”与“本土理论难开发”的共性问题,背后均指向对本土情境认知的泛化、碎片化、静态化等问题。本文通过对VUCA时代本土管理情境特征的结构化梳理,刻画了本土情境演变的动态谱系和情境要素间的复杂组合,由此呈现出兼具静态与动态、时间与空间、单一要素与多元组合等多维视角下的复合情境观。进而,在促进本土情境认知结构从离散化、架构化向谱系化与组合化演进的同时,研究进一步探索了复合情境观在本土管理理论建构过程中的嵌入角色与作用。通过明确时空情境敏感性下的“新背景-新过程”双维问题筛选机制,厘清本土情境在理论研究过程中的“嵌入”与“涤除”平衡策略,推动本土管理理论研究走向兼顾“本土特色”与“整体普适”的深度情境化阶段。     

分析实证主义法学方法论之反思

分析实证主义法学贡献给我们的不仅是一种理论和一个学派，还在于它给我们提供了法学研究的一种方法和认识法律的不同视角，而任何一种单一的研究方法除了有它自己的独到和深刻的地方之外，都不足以全面的认识法律现象。分析实证主义法学方法论的长处或优点在于它划清了法学与其他学科的界限，满足了人们对形式正义的追求以及实现了对法律的严谨精确，极富逻辑性的分析，同时其忽视对价值目标的追求，缺乏批判精神和把法律视为封闭的体系，缺乏社会适应性是它的不足之处。     

Critical Realism,Managers and Information

Many accounts of contemporary management raise the issue of the effective use of information, but little is said about how this is to be achieved. This paper sets notions of ‘information literacy’, drawn from higher education, against the reflections of a small group of managers. This indicates that there are a number of dimensions, notably the relationship of information use to organizational power, that are not adequately catered for in current conceptions of information literacy. It is argued that existing accounts focus excessively on the construction of meaning without taking into account the constraints on such construction. Drawing on resources from critical realism, these constraints are taken to relate both to the individual's embodied nature and to the structural dimensions of their practice. Exploration of these constraints is felt to require attention to the temporal dimension of social analysis and to an examination of the interrelationships between structure and agency.     

管理学合法化运动的历史、危机与前瞻

在管理学作为一个学科、管理学院作为大学中的一个专业学院取得其合法性的同时,管理科学理论对于管理实践者的吸引力却越来越弱。主流管理学虽然获得"学科"的合法性,却丧失了"实践"的合法性。尽管管理科学研究的信奉者强调每一个具体研究问题中的证伪,然而,"管理现象的普适性"本身无法被证实或被证伪,因此将实证方法无限制推广是"不科学"的。管理学合法化运动对于"实证主义研究方法"的辩护实际上是对一种"观念"的辩护,是对一种唯科学论的"意识形态"的辩护。管理学科学合法化运动在当代的逐步消解是必然的。多范式的对立、冲突与融合将取代"实证主义独大"的位置而成为未来管理学的主流思潮。     

The Importance of Biological Realism in Dioxin Risk Assessment Models Michael

Mechanistic mathematical models of hepatocarcinogenesis in the female rat were constructed to investigate possible relationships among the Ah, estrogen, and EGF receptors in TCDD hepato-carcinogenicity. Each model generates dose-response curves for the expression of biomarker liver proteins CYP1A1, CYP1A2, and residual plasma membrane EGF receptor consequent to exposure to TCDD. The shapes of the response curves were strongly dependent on the assumed mechanisms of constitutive expression of these proteins. Assuming a constant level of the hepatic Ah receptor, a sigmoidal dose-response of hepatic CYP1A1 to total liver TCDD was computed. However, inclusion of induction of the Ah receptor by TCDD in a physiologically realistic dosimetric model produced a linear low-dose response of CYP1A1. This behavior was computed to arise from the net effect of sublinear response of CYP1A1 mRNA to the concentration of the Ah-TCDD complex and supralinear response of the protein concentration to the mRNA level, illustrating the importance of biological realism in dose-response modeling. The dosimetric model also computed effects of TCDD on the hepatic estradiol concentration and consequent effects on the binding capacity of the EGF receptor and suggests plausible mechanisms for tumor promotion by TCDD. Setting circulating estradiol levels in the model to values typical of the male rat indicated possible sources of the differences in the responses of the EGF receptor and in development of tumors in the two sexes.     

Extending the Foundations and Reach of Design Science: Further Reflections on the Role of Critical Realism

In his commentary on our proposal to reframe the relevance of business and management research by combining design science with critical realism (Hodgkinson and Starkey, British Journal of Management, 22 (2011), pp. 355–369), Willmott (British Journal of Management, 23 (2012), pp. 598–604) commends us for our advocacy of a social science as opposed to professional school agenda, while admonishing us for seeking to underpin the commended design science ethos with critical realism, on the grounds of ontological inconsistency and the risk of diminishing the emancipatory elements of our social usefulness agenda. In reply, we demonstrate how, in highlighting the interplay of multiple generative mechanisms within and between levels of analysis, critical realism is entirely commensurate with the design science approach advocated, and enriches rather than diminishes our overarching agenda to humanize the workplace.     

Review and Assessment of Poliovirus Immunity and Transmission: Synthesis of Knowledge Gaps and Identification of Research Needs

With the intensifying global efforts to eradicate wild polioviruses, policymakers face complex decisions related to achieving eradication and managing posteradication risks. These decisions and the expanding use of inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) trigger renewed interest in poliovirus immunity, particularly the role of mucosal immunity in the transmission of polioviruses. Sustained high population immunity to poliovirus transmission represents a key prerequisite to eradication, but poliovirus immunity and transmission remain poorly understood despite decades of studies. In April 2010, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened an international group of experts on poliovirus immunology and virology to review the literature relevant for modeling poliovirus transmission, develop a consensus about related uncertainties, and identify research needs. This article synthesizes the quantitative assessments and research needs identified during the process. Limitations in the evidence from oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) challenge studies and other relevant data led to differences in expert assessments, indicating the need for additional data, particularly in several priority areas for research: (1) the ability of IPV‐induced immunity to prevent or reduce excretion and affect transmission, (2) the impact of waning immunity on the probability and extent of poliovirus excretion, (3) the relationship between the concentration of poliovirus excreted and infectiousness to others in different settings, and (4) the relative role of fecal‐oral versus oropharyngeal transmission. This assessment of current knowledge supports the immediate conduct of additional studies to address the gaps.     

Review and preview of productivity research and applications

During the last two decades, productivity research and applications have not been given adequate importance when trying to attain excellence in the management of manufacturing enterprises. Recent developments in managerial philosophies Total Quality Management and Business Process Re-engineering , manufacturing technologies Flexible Manufacturing Systems, Computer Integrated Manufacturing, etc. and Information Technology innovations have made the traditional productivity improvement techniques obsolete. This article presents a review consisting of analyses of literature on productivity and a survey of manufacturing enterprises. A five-step preview strategy on productivity is enumerated which provides a meaningful direction towards future productivity research and application. The article is concluded by briefly describing the current research that is being carried out based on the preview strategy evolved.     

In search of American and British productivity and quality of organization

America and Britain have taken a long time to accept conceptually and pragmatically the post-war economic performance of Japan and other capitalist countries. Our understanding of how to improve our production infrastructure remains inadequate. This paper addresses the critical area of manufacturing organization and restructuring production operations to offer substantial and immediate results. Most of the resources required to become a world class manufacturer are already in place in the UK and the US, yet the organization of these resources remains lacking. The purpose of this paper is to review the importance of productivity and energy conversion within an integrated manufacturing strategy. Current differences in operations management thinking that exist between     

平战结合下的公路养护多资源布局问题研究

平战结合是突发事件应急管理的重要原则之一.以公路养护中的平时资源和应急资源的布局问题为研究对象,考虑到日常养护点的选址和资源配置要满足工作的便利性和不同养护点之间工作量的均衡性,把应急资源放置在日常养护点上,既节省管理成本又能满足及时调度的要求,建立一个多目标的混合整数规划模型同时对日常和应急2种资源进行布局,并设计了算法,最后给出了算例.     

Beliefs and the Perception of Risks and Accidents

Identifying the causes of accidents is a necessary prerequisite for preventive action. Some research suggests however that the analysis of accidents does not only differ between experts and laymen but that it is also linked to certain characteristics inherent in the analyst and in the social group to which he belongs: beliefs, value systems, norms, experiences in common, attitudes, roles, social and technical practices, etc. Culturally determined bias seems to affect the perception of risk and the causes of accidents. This article presents a certain number of thoughts and results based upon research carried out on causal attributions of traffic accidents in The Ivory Coast (West Africa) and discusses the importance of culture in risk-taking and accident prevention. It shows in particular that fatalistic beliefs and mystical practices influence the perception of accidents and consequently incite one to take more risks and neglect safety measures.