2010关键词——转·变

2009年,我国经济经受住了严峻挑战,在全球经济负增长的大背景下率先实现企稳回升.然而,2010年国内国际局势依然复杂多变,如何打牢经济复苏的基础,全面走出国际金融危机的阴影,12月上旬召开的中央经济会议做出了一系列决策部署,为未来经济发展指明了方向.     

2010关键词——转·变

2009年，我国经济经受住了严峻挑战，在全球经济负增长的大背景下率先实现企稳回升。然而，2010年国内国际局势依然复杂多变，如何打牢经济复苏的基础，全面走出国际金融危机的阴影，12月上旬召开的中央经济会议做出了一系列决策部署，为未来经济发展指明了方向。     

全球化竞争下我国创新型中小企业发展的挑战和对策

中小企业对于经济增长和就业的贡献早已成为各界的共识。在当前应对国际金融危机中,政府调动各方面力量帮助中小企业度过融资难的困境,无疑是及时和必要的。但中小企业面临的困难决不仅仅体现在融资方面,更体现在产业、税收、投资等各方面受到的政策歧视。我国经济要想走出危机的阴影,必须立足于经济转型,而转型则离不开民间投资的启动和中小企业的真正复苏。在此过程中,创新型中小企业应当受到特别的关注和重视。本报告的主张是：创新型中小企业的健康发展是我国赢得未来全球竞争的关键。我国还存在着诸多影响创新型中小企业健康发展的制度和政策性障碍,应当把发展创新型中小企业提升到国家战略层面,形成清晰完整的发展思路和目标,并通过制度创新和重点政策的突破,推进创新型中小企业的全面繁荣和发展。     

珠三角与长三角危机的同与异

在国际金融危机的冲击下，我国东部沿海地区的中小企业纷纷陷入经营困境，其中又以珠三角、长三角地区的外向型中小企业所受到的影响最大。虽然两个地区出现大面积的中小企业破产倒闭都是缘于当前的国际金融危机引发的国际市场需求减少，以及由此暴露出的我国中小企业整体素质不强、企业抗风险能力不高等方面的问题，但如果我们仔细分析一下两个地区倒闭企业的具体情况，可以发现两地中小企业面临的危机不完全相同。     

我国中小企业应对国际金融风暴的战略选择探讨

2008年,国际金融风暴冲击中国实体经济,国内出口导向的中小企业面临了前所未有的困境。文章分析了此次国际金融风暴给中小企业带来的挑战和机遇,从中小企业组织结构方面讨论了自身的优势和劣势。最后,从竞争战略、产品与市场战略以及制造与经营战略三个角度提出了国内中小企业应对国际金融危机冲击的战略选择。     

国际金融危机背景下完善中小企业技术创新扶持制度的立法思考——以江苏为例的研究

中小企业是我国社会主义市场经济的主体,为我国国民经济的快速发展作出了巨大贡献,而江苏的中小企业在江苏的经济发展中更是扮演着重要角色。然而,在当前国际金融危机背景下,江苏中小企业的生存与发展面临着严峻的挑战,企业缺少技术创新的痼疾暴露无疑,同时江苏中小企业技术创新的法律缺位也日益突显。本文认为,应变国际金融危机为契机,完善中小企业技术创新扶持制度,使中小企业在未来发展中显现更强的竞争力和生命力。     

缓解黄石中小企业融资难的对策

由于国际金融危机的冲击，我国实体经济受到严重影响，黄石中小企业融资难已成为经济领域关注的热点问题。化危机为契机，黄石中小企业逆势而上更加需要资金支持。因此。缓解黄石中小企业融资难，对于保增长、增就业、维稳定等都具有十分重要的意义。     

新形势下民营中小企业如何吸引和留住员工

2008年因美国“次贷危机”而引发的全球性国际金融危机，将世界经济拉入下行周期，从而导致全球企业进入一个再调整时期。我国也受到严重影响，尤其是沿海地区一些民营中小企业，引发了企业裁员浪潮，但随着我国经济恢复，很多企业，尤其是中小型民营企业处于一种尴尬境地。人才短缺与企业发展急需人才之间的矛盾，以致今年下半年开始我国沿海地区出现了“员工荒”。文中在介绍金融危机对民营中小企业影响的基础上，分析了中小企业在吸引和留住员工的现状。最后对中小企业在金融危机下如何吸引和留住人才提出几点建议。     

经济模式转型 将影响航运业发展——上海海事大学校长、上海国际航运研究中心主任於世成

从2002年至2008年上半年期间，航运业的繁荣令人难忘。那时“有船就有钱”。然而，历史常常就是这样的，当这一页翻过去后。往往难以再现那一刻的辉煌。上海海事大学校长、上海国际航运研究中心主任於世成表示，目前，国际金融危机对实体经济的影响还在蔓延，航运界应该理性看待国际金融危机对航运的影响，而不应该局限于谈论航运何时复苏的话题。     

我国发展新阶段的社会建设和社会管理

国际金融危机之后,国际经济社会格局发生深刻变化,一些新兴经济体率先走出危机,拉动国际经济开始复苏,而西亚、北非众多国家如推倒的多米诺骨牌,发生持续政治动荡,甚至导致国家权力易位。改革开放30多年的中国,在成功地抵御和渡过国际金融危机之后,进入一个发展的新阶段。这个新阶段的总体特征表现为经济持续快速增长、政治格局总体稳定、社会问题多发凸显。这种新的阶段性特征有巨大社会变迁的深刻社会背景,也促使社会建设和社会管理成为我国发展的新的核心议题。     

Back and Forth and Beyond

The Journal invited Tom Andersen, author of major pioneering work on the reflecting team, and his colleagues, to offer comment on The Reflecting Team Process in Training. We thought such a north-south dialogue was in keeping with the spirit of reflecting teams, and the team members in Melbourne and Tromsø agree — Editor.     

Time and aging--mechanisms and meanings

A recent European Molecular Biology Laboratory Conference on Science and Society entitled "Time & Aging--Mechanisms & Meanings" fascinated scientists from different research areas as well as nonscientists. Topics discussed included not only the biological aging process but also the psychological effects of aging and social influences that affect this process.     

Arts and Crafts and Reconstruction

Abstract

This paper examines the role of arts and crafts in reconstructing communities after times of upheaval, their use in creating employment opportunities, and their impact on the nature of South African art history. It looks at craft initiatives during and after the Johannesburg World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002, and draws parallels with early twentieth-century initiatives, particularly those of Florence Phillips, who founded the Johannesburg Art Gallery in 1910, Emily Hobhouse, who established Boer home industries, and the South African National Union, which promoted the manufacture and use of local products.     

Sexual Compulsivity and Sexual Behaviors Among Gay and Bisexual Men and Lesbian and Bisexual Women

Within the existing body of research, the information pertaining to sexual compulsivity (SC) among women, both homo- and heterosexual, remains rather limited in comparison to men. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of SC in a community sample of gay and bisexual men and lesbian and bisexual women and to identify differences in sexual practices based on classification as sexually compulsive within gender. Supporting previous research, the findings indicated that gay and bisexual men were significantly higher in SC when compared to lesbian and bisexual women. Similarly, sexually compulsive gay and bisexual men were more likely to report drug use with sex than their non-sexually compulsive peers, suggesting that “party n' play” may play a larger role for men with SC. In addition, the findings demonstrated empirical support for the proposition that lesbian and bisexual women with symptoms of SC were more likely to engage in specialized sexual behaviors in comparison to their non-sexually compulsive peers. These data suggest that SC manifests differently in gay, lesbian, and bisexual men and women.     

Evening and night work schedules and children's social and emotional well-being

ABSTRACT

An emerging body of evidence shows that parents’ non-standard work schedules have a detrimental effect on children's well-being. However, only a limited number of studies have investigated mediating factors that underpin this association. Likewise, only a few studies have examined the impact of fathers’ non-standard work schedules on children's well-being. Based on data from the Families in Germany Study (FiD), this study aimed to address these research gaps. The sample consists of parents and their children at ages 7–8 and 9–10 (n?=?838 child observations in dual-earner families). The data were collected in the years 2010–2013. Non-standard work hours were defined as working in evenings and or at night (every day, several times a week, or changing as shifts). Children's social and emotional well-being was measured with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The findings show that both mothers’ and fathers’ evening and night work schedules are linked to an increase in children's externalizing and internalizing behavior and that this association is partially mediated by mothers’ and fathers’ harsh and strict parenting, with a stronger mediation effect for fathers parenting.     

History and the here and now

This paper explores the lesser-known histories and present-day realities of small towns and non-metropolitan areas in the internal provinces of South Africa. It is different inasmuch as it focuses on transformations that have taken place at the local level, and where possible, generalises from these, rather than following the normal route taken by social scientists – at least from 1994, which has been to examine them from the top down. One feature of such changes has been the growth of gated communicates across the length and breadth of South Africa, but there are many more. One reason for their anonymity is that their evolution has been gradual and corpuscular, that they have become unconsciously familiar and are left unexamined. Another is our collective preoccupation with the metropolitan areas rather than the smaller localities where such processes are subterranean and confined. This paper presents very briefly some of the results of the researchers of the Local Histories and Present Realities programme over the past five years, in 19 separate centres. It examines the history and present circumstance of chiefdoms of Ga-Mphahlele and reveals the surprise finding that much of recent and contemporary politics revolve around events 200 years old. An analogous situation has arisen in Venda as well as in Mpumalanga and elsewhere, where a combination of new legislation to revive chiefly powers, and land reclamation legislation have lent a new legitimacy to chiefly powers, and inspired hundreds of phantom – and time-consuming – quests. Another massive development which has gone on around us but whose internal dynamics have never been observed is the rise of game hunting and ranching all over the interior of South Africa. This is a monster subject which is likely to have influence on all of our lives into which our group is now in a position to offer insights. A change of equal proportions is the rise of mining all over the interior Bushveld Igneous Complex – Mokopane is a good example of this and the huge social consequences this has brought in its wake. One final theme which embraces all the communities that we have studied is the local histories of transformation – collectively the most important – since 1994. This is almost entirely hidden to a wider world, including the transformed positions of local Indian residents.     

Thinking and Speech and Protocol Analysis

Some form of verbal report—that is, a research participant' s concurrent or retrospective verbal account of thought processes during problem-solving activities—has been used throughout this century as the database from which psychologists have developed theories of human mentation. Newell and Simon (1972) and Ericsson and Simon (1980, 1993) have provided extensive justification for using one such method, protocol analysis, as a tool for investigating cognition from an information-processing (IP) perspective. Their arguments have characterized protocol analysis as a methodology capable of providing evidence of the ways in which people attend to information stored in short-term memory to solve problems, with the evidence providing them with the grounds from which to generate models of human cognitive processes. A different view of protocol analysis is available from the perspective of cultural-historical activity theory (CHAT) based on the work of Vygotsky (1987), Leont'ev (1981), and others, and its concern with the mediation of human development by culturally and historically grounded signs and tools. Because of its emphasis on culturally channeled development, a CHAT perspective views speech, including the speech that serves as evidence for cognition in psychological research, as a tool that potentially enables changes in consciousness. In this article I outline a CHAT perspective that accounts for protocol analysis along three key dimensions: (a) the relation between thinking and speech from a representational standpoint, (b) the social role of speech in research methodology, and (c) the influence of speech on thinking during data collection. The purpose of this discussion is not to refute the IP perspective on protocol analysis but to illustrate how this method can be viewed through a CHAT lens and to identify alternative assumptions that must be made to use it from a CHAT perspective.