大规模定制产品族设计中的原理聚类研究

影响大规模定制成功与否的一个重要因素就是定制产品族的设计.本文建立了基于顾客需求一功能.原理-结构的大规模定制产品族扩展模型,探讨了各子模型之间的映射关系.论文结合实例.运用模糊教学理论,对功能模型一原理模型之间的耦合及解耦做了深入的研究,获得了原理模型的模糊聚类结果.该聚类结果为大规模定制产品的模块化结构设计提供了依据.     

一种产品族演进评价方法研究

为了实现产品族演进创新和全面地评估企业现有产品族运行状况,提出了面向大规模定制的产品族演进评价方法,建立了包括行业竞争者在内的产品族比较评价流程模型。该流程主要有三步:第一步是分析产品族在市场、技术和通用性三方面的评价指标,根据不同企业发展战略进一步确定各企业产品族的综合评价值;第二步是在定性和定量基础上分析了影响企业产品族的不可控和可控因素,通过线性回归模型建立产品族综合评价值与影响因素之间的量化关系并得到行业产品族水平值;第三步是通过本企业产品族评价值与行业产品族水平值相比较分析进而做出决策。最后,以国内50轮式装载机产品族评价案例说明了该方法的可行性。     

行业竞争力导向的在线大规模定制产品族规模优化方法

客户导向的产品族规模优化方法在与竞争对手产品族相比时并不一定能使在线定制服务提供商获得竞争优势,还需要考虑竞争对手产品族对其产品族规模的影响。产品族规模优化应该在满足工程技术约束和制造规模经济性的基础上,引入产品功能配置元和结构配置元,结合客户需求强度和偏好分析,构建了行业竞争力导向的在线大规模定制产品族规模优化方法,最后结合案例证明该方法的有效性。     

大规模定制产品柔性分析

提出了一种表达大规模定制产品及其设计参数定制难易程度的指标———柔性指数。基于公理化设计理论,建立了定制方程,导出了柔性指数的计算方法。提出了一种通过计算直接影响设计参数数量和间接影响设计参数数量来比较柔性指数的简便方法。     

MC下基于多CODP的生产调度体系及其仿真研究

在大规模定制的背景下,传统的基于单客户订单分离点的生产调度存在一些不足,如只能实现某一程度的个性化定制、无法有区别地对待不同客户、目标客户范围有很大的局限性等.提出以多样化为目标,在最小的成本和时间花费的基础上优化生产调度,并根据此理念提出定制产品的优先权、基于多客户订单分离点生产调度体系和基于多客户订单分离点的多级库存策略等;提出产品族和产品平台,敏捷、完善的信息系统是多客户订单分离点生产调度的保证;以EXTEND为工具,对基于多客户订单分离点的大规模定制生产调度进行仿真,结果表明多客户订单分离点下的定制更能满足客户定制的多样化,按照产品的优先权决定生产加工的顺序,节省了定制产品的生产时间,优化了企业的生产调度,实现了动态的大规模定制.     

产品平台在基于大规模定制范式的生产系统中的作用建模

本文围绕一致的质量、合理的成本、快速、灵活、可靠地大规模交付定制化产品或服务的运营战略,概要讨论了面向大规模定制的三种主要的生产系统(交付定制型、装配定制型、制造定制型)的运营特征,详细分析了产品平台的体系结构,首次提出了基于产品平台实施大规模定制的整合策略,对产品平台在面向大规模定制的生产系统的作用进行了建模。本文的研究工作已经在企业应用实践中得到了验证。     

多平台下的参数化产品族多目标智能优化

针对大规模定制下基于多平台的参数化产品族优化方法中,需要事先指定平台变量的不足,本文提出了一种多平台产品族双层多目标并行协同优化算法,用于求解多平台下参数化产品族多目标优化问题.仿真实验结果表明,所提方法能够允许在平台变量未知的情况下,通过在运行过程中自动改变平台共性,并搜索共性与产品差异性之间的最佳平衡点,经过一次优化过程即可选择平台变量和差异性变量的最佳配置,以及平台变量和差异性变量取值的最佳设置;与文献中其他方法相比,本文方法所得产品族优化设计方案整体性能更佳.     

面向大规模定制的产品族数据管理

回顾了国家自然科学基金资助项目“面向大规模定制生产模式的产品族数据管理”(70271043)的研究情况,分析了该项目的研究目标,总结了其研究内容和研究方法,阐明了该项目的研究意义及所取得的成果。     

基于顾客需求分类重组的大规模定制服务族规划

针对当前大规模定制服务研究侧重企业视角的技术实现,忽视客户视角的需求满意之不足,从顾客需求分类重组视角,研究大规模定制服务族规划方法.构建分析型Kano模型,实现对顾客服务需求的客观化分类;设计用于服务族规划的顾客需求分类重组规则,提出大规模定制服务族规划过程,并通过在快递企业的实际应用验证其可行性.该研究对于企业有效实施大规模定制服务策略、提升服务竞争力具有创新意义.     

产品模块化对企业竞争优势的影响机理研究

利用珠三角大中型制造企业的调查数据,分别检验了战略柔性(先动柔性、响应柔性)、环境动态性在产品模块化(模块化设计、模块化生产)与竞争优势(品牌优势、大规模定制优势)间的中介与调节作用。结果表明:产品模块化对竞争优势有显著正向影响;产品模块化通过战略柔性完全中介作用于品牌优势;响应柔性在模块化设计、模块化生产与大规模定制优势的关系中分别起完全和部分中介作用,先动柔性则没有;环境动态性正向调节模块化生产与品牌优势的关系,负向调节模块化设计与竞争优势的关系,而在模块化生产与大规模定制优势关系中的调节作用不显著。     

Perceived Value of the Mass‐Customized Product and Mass Customization Experience for Individual Consumers

The operations management literature on mass customization mainly focuses on the questions of whether and how manufacturers can efficiently deliver customization. Researchers have analyzed the trade‐offs between customization and dimensions of operational performance such as delivery times, quality, and costs. However, we argue that providing efficient customization is not sufficient per se to assess the value of mass customization. From this perspective, this paper focuses on complementary mechanisms for creating value: the benefits perceived by individual consumers. Two global components of perceived value within the context of mass customization are identified: mass‐customized product, with three dimensions, and mass customization experience, with two dimensions. The Consumer‐Perceived Value Tool (CPVT) is proposed to empirically measure the five perceived benefits related to the mass‐customized product and to the codesign process from the consumer viewpoint. The psychometric properties of the CPVT are assessed using three samples. The implications of this approach are discussed, along with directions for further research.     

Customization: Impact on Product and Process Performance

Manufacturing capability has often been viewed to be a major obstacle in achieving higher levels of customization. Companies follow various strategies ranging from equipment selection to order process management to cope with the challenges of increased customization. We examined how the customization process affects product performance and conformance in the context of a design‐to‐order (DTO) manufacturer of industrial components. Our competing risk hazard function model incorporates two thresholds, which we define as mismatch and manufacturing thresholds. Product performance was adversely affected when the degree of customization exceeded the mismatch threshold. Likewise, product conformance eroded when the degree of customization exceeded the manufacturing threshold. Relative sizes of the two thresholds have management implications for the subsequent investments to improve customization capabilities. Our research developed a rigorous framework to address two key questions relevant to the implementation of product customization: (1) what degrees of customization to offer, and (2) how to customize the product design process.     

参与的乐趣——一个有中介的调节模型

随着消费个性化的提高和网络信息技术的发展,越来越多的企业通过提供定制化的产品建立顾客忠诚和赢得竞争优势。以产品定制为背景,基于顾客的视角,探讨顾客对不同参与程度的情感和行为反应及其影响因素,通过情境-角色模拟实验设计收集数据,运用逐步回归分析验证有中介的调节效应。研究结果表明,体验乐趣和满足独特性需求是顾客在参与产品定制过程中追求的重要利益;顾客参与程度正向影响消费者的感知乐趣和购买意愿,消费者独特性需求对顾客参与程度与感知乐趣和购买意愿的关系具有正向调节作用;同时,感知乐趣有效地传递顾客参与程度、独特性需求以及两者的交互作用对购买意愿的影响。因此,企业应该针对不同的细分群体采用顾客参与程度不同的定制化策略,并注重在定制过程中与顾客共同创造充满乐趣的独特体验。     

Mass Customization and Guardrails: “You Can Not Be All Things to All People”

A mass customization strategy enables a firm to match its product designs to unique consumer tastes. In a classic horizontal product‐differentiation framework, a consumer's utility is a decreasing function of the distance between their ideal taste and the taste defined by the most closely aligned product the firm offers. A consumer thus considers the taste mismatch associated with their purchased product, but otherwise the positioning of the firm's product portfolio (or, “brand image”) is immaterial. In contrast, self‐congruency theory suggests that consumers assess how well both the purchased product and its overall brand image match with their ideal taste. Therefore, we incorporate within the consumer utility function both product‐specific and brand‐level components. Mass customization has the potential to improve taste alignment with regard to a specific purchased product, but at the risk of increasing brand dilution. Absent brand dilution concerns, a firm will optimally serve all consumers’ ideal tastes at a single price. In contrast, by endogenizing dilution costs within the consumer utility model, we prove that a mass‐customizing firm optimally uses differential pricing. Moreover, we show that the firm offers reduced prices to consumers with extreme tastes (to stimulate consumer “travel”), with a higher and fixed price being offered to those consumers having more central (mainstream) tastes. Given that a continuous spectrum of prices will likely not be practical in application, we also consider the more pragmatic approach of augmenting the uniformly priced mass customization range with preset (non‐customized) outlying designs, which serve customers at the taste extremes. We prove this practical approach performs close to optimal.     

基于功能和零部件配置元的在线定制顾客需求研究

根据公理化设计理论,研究产品从功能域向物理域的映射,讨论功能与部件之间的关系,提出功能配置元和零部件配置元的概念,定义顾客基于功能配置元和零部件配置元的产品在线定制矩阵;通过对顾客在线调查结果的分析,得到顾客对功能配置元和零部件配置元及其特征项总体关注程度,定义在线定制服务提供商在线定制综合能力评价指标体系,构建反映在线定制服务提供商在线定制综合能力系数的计算方法,结合顾客对功能配置元和零部件配置元及其特征项总体关注程度的分析方法,确定在线定制服务提供商提供给顾客进行产品在线定制的各功能配置元和零部件配置元及其特征项,并对顾客在线定制产品的类型进行了划分.最后举例证明该方法的可行性.     

A hybrid approach to constrained evolutionary computing: Case of product synthesis

Evolutionary computing (EC) is comprised of techniques involving evolutionary programming, evolution strategies, genetic algorithms (GA), and genetic programming. It has been widely used to solve optimization problems for large scale and complex systems. However, when insufficient knowledge is incorporated, EC is less efficient in terms of searching for an optimal solution. In addition, the GA employed in previous literature is modeled to solve one problem exactly. The GA needs to be redesigned, at a cost, for it to be applied to another problem. Due to these two reasons, this paper develops a generic GA incorporating knowledge extracted from the rough set theory. The advantages of the proposed solution approach include: (i) solving problems that can be decomposed into functional requirements, and (ii) improving the performance of the GA by reducing the domain range of initial population and constraining crossover using the rough set theory. The solution approach is exemplified by solving the problem of product synthesis, where there is a conflict between performance and cost. Manufacturing or assembling a product of high performance and quality at a low cost is critical for a company to maximize its advantages. Based on our experimental results, this approach has shown great promise and has reduced costs when the GA is in processing.     

Integrated production strategy and reuse scenario: A CoFAQ model and case study of mail server system development

One of the core problems in software product family (SPF) is the coordination of product building and core asset development, specifically the integration of production strategy decision and core asset scenario selection. In the current paper, a model of Cost Optimization under Functional And Quality (CoFAQ) goal satisfaction constraints is developed. It provides a systematic mechanism for management to analyze all possible products and evaluate various reuse alternatives at the organizational level. The CoFAQ model facilitates decision-makers to optimize the SPF development process by determining which products are involved in the SPF (i.e. production strategy) and which reuse scenario for each module should be selected to implement the SPF toward minimum total developing cost under the constraints of satisfying functional and quality goals. A two-phase algorithm with heuristic (TPA) is developed to solve the model efficiently. Based on the TPA, the CoFAQ is reduced to a weighted set-covering problem for production strategy decision and a knapsack problem for the reuse scenario selection. An application of the model in mail server domain development is presented to illustrate how it has been used in practice.