城市社区应急管理能力提升工作方案设计

基层应急能力,是全面应急管理的重要前提,突发事件应对成效,受基层应急管理能力很大程度影响。文章通过阐述城市社区应急管理能力,分析城市社区在应急管理中的特点与优势、提升城市社区应急管理能力的意义,对城市社区应急管理能力提升工作方案设计展开探讨,旨在为如何促进社区应急管理能力的有效提升研究适用提供一些思路。     

城市应急管理协同治理问题研究

目前,城市中应急管理的核心问题在于跨部门间如何协同治理,共同应对城市中频发的各类突发事件。在回顾应急管理协同治理的相关研究后,以2014年12月31日发生在上海市的"12·31"外滩陈毅广场拥挤踩踏事件为案例,对事件整个过程协作网络结构进行分析,识别协作网络中包括政府部门、商业部门和社会组织在内的主要行动者,挖掘应急协作网络的结构特征,并结合我国应急管理组织体系特点进行分析。     

基于复杂系统理论的北京城市内涝应急管理研究

有效的城市内涝应急管理系统能够最大限度地减少人员伤亡和灾害损失,是保障首都安全和经济社会可持续发展的前提和基础。笔者将复杂系统理论的基本原理引入城市内涝应急管理的工作中,通过对北京城市内涝应急管理现状和城市内涝应急复杂性管理的分析,提出了基于复杂系统理论框架下提升北京城市内涝应急管理能力的系统化对策建议。     

城市群重大突发公共卫生事件应急管理体系建设探究

城市群重大突发公共卫生事件的发生将会对相关区域的公共安全和经济社会的可持续发展带来严重危害.现阶段,由于我国城市群发展正处于起步上升阶段,在重大突发公共卫生事件应急管理上存在着诸多薄弱环节.本文在梳理我国城市重大突发公共卫生事件应急管理体系构建演变历程的基础上,着力分析现阶段城市群重大突发公共卫生事件应急管理体系面临的突出问题,并针对性提出5个政策性建议:建立健全跨域重大突发事件应急管理相关法律法规体系;建立集中统一高效的领导指挥体系;建立多线快速响应的城市群疾病预防监测体系;完善城市群重特大突发公共卫生事件应急保障机制;构建城市群重大突发公共卫生事件应急监测预警评估体制机制.     

智能模型在上海城市供水中的应用

该文介绍了上海城市供水管网的现状和在考虑供水量特点之基础上建立的供水量预测模型。通过利用上海市供水调度监测中心的中心城区供水量实际数据对此模型进行的验证表明，其在上海城市供水中有一定的实用价值。并对拟建的上海市应急决策支持平台做了基本的阐述。     

完善上海价格异常波动立急管理机制的思路和建议

近几年，价格波动幅度加大，价格波动的突发性越来越明显，全球性的金融危机、农产品的轮番炒作、日本大地震引起的抢盐事件等都引起了相关商品的大幅波动，对市场秩序和社会稳定都造成较大的冲击。在这个背景下，上海进一步完善市场价格异常波动应急管理机制正当时。为此，在上海现有价格管理的基础上，充分借鉴国内外经验，根据国家要求和上海国际化大都市的需要，对上海构建一个包括价格监测、预警、应急响应、应急保障在内的全方位、综合性、协调联动、信息化的价格应急管理机制进行了初步探索。     

江阴市建设应急备用水源工程的研究

针对江阴市应急供水系统现状和存在的安全隐患,阐述了建立城市应急备用水源工程的必要性,提出建设的具体措施,并对各种类型应急水源地建设的关键问题进行了研究     

我国城市供水系统安全保障及应急体系建设的探讨

探讨有效提高城市处置水源和供水突发事件的能力，建立和健全城镇供水的日常安全保障机制和发生紧急情况时迅速有效的应对机制，建设一整套城镇供水安全保障与应急体系，规范和指导城市水源和供水突发事件的应急处置工作。     

上海建设世界一流公共卫生体系研究

上海要牢记建设人民城市的使命要求,始终把城市作为有机生命体,对照世界一流公共卫生标准,加快完善重大疫情防控体制机制,加快建设与社会主义现代化国际大都市功能定位相匹配的公共卫生应急管理体系,对公共卫生应急管理体系进行整体性重塑,率先走出一条具有中国特色、体现时代特征、彰显社会主义制度优越性的超大城市公共卫生安全治理之路,努力把上海建设成为全球公共卫生体系最健全的城市之一.     

我国城镇化"十二五"回顾与"十三五"展望

"十二五"以来,我国城镇化得到了快速发展,城镇人口持续增加,城镇及城市群发展迅速、城镇化集聚效应增强,城市新区建设快速推进,城镇化质量有所提高,城镇化与非农产业协调发展,我国城镇化发展进入了一个崭新的阶段."十三五"期间,我国城镇化应该注重建成区面积的合理扩张,进一步加强城市群的带动作用,破除城镇内部二元结构,合理建设新区,建设绿色低碳城市等.     

高校辅导员专业化和职业化的制约因素

高校辅导员专业化培养和职业化发展既是高校提高大学生思想政治教育有效性和辅导员队伍适应高校教育改革的要求,也是辅导员自身发展的需要。面对当前辅导员队伍呈现管理强而教育弱、工作范畴的全职型而非专业型和缺乏相关学科专业背景知识的实际状况,高校应明确辅导员工作职责、对辅导员工作进行专业划分、建立以综合能力为主的高校辅导员提升内容及评价体系、开展学生工作的学科建设和科学研究、制定切实可行的辅导员专业技术职务评定体系,为辅导员专业化和职业化铺平道路。     

Acceptance and Caregiving of Married and Divorced Custodial Mothers and Fathers

The study examined whether differences in gender and family status affect parental caregiving disposition and acceptance of children among parents of children in mid-childhood. The number of participants were 122 divorced-custodial fathers, 107 married fathers, 85 divorced-custodial mothers, and 82 married mothers (n?=?398). A comparison among four groups of parents revealed the following gender differences: mothers scored higher on anxious caregiving and parental acceptance than fathers, and lower on avoidant caregiving. Regression analysis indicated that the higher the caregiving avoidance or anxiety, the lower the parental acceptance. Family status moderated parental acceptance, as avoidant caregiving was associated with reduced parental acceptance among married parents, but not among divorced custodial parents. The finding that avoidant caregiving was not associated with reduced acceptance among divorced custodial parents implies that their parental acceptance behaviors toward their children are affected by their parental status as sole custodial parent, and the associated responsibilities, rather than by gender.     

College students' perceptions of risk and addictiveness of e-cigarettes and cigarettes

Background: As conventional cigarette use is declining, electronic cigarette (“e-cigarette”) use is rising and is especially high among college students. Few studies examine dual use of e-cigarettes and cigarettes among this population. This study explores the relationship between dual and exclusive e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceptions of harm and addictiveness of both products. Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of data from students attending 24 colleges in Texas (n=5,482). Multinomial logistic regression was employed to test the association between current e-cigarette / cigarette use and perceived harm and addictiveness of both products. Three tobacco groups were included: cigarette only users, e-cigarette only users, and dual users. Results: Dual users reported lower perceived harm of e-cigarettes most consistently (p<0.001, all comparisons). Perceived harm of cigarettes was significantly lower among cigarette only and dual users only, compared to non-users (p<0.001, all comparisons). Compared to non-users, all three groups reported significantly lower perceived addictiveness of e-cigarettes (p<0.001, all comparisons). The same finding was observed for perceived addictiveness of cigarettes, though findings were less consistent for the e-cigarette only group (p<0.02, all comparisons except one). Conclusion: Findings demonstrate that among college students, perceptions of harm and addictiveness of e-cigarettes are lower than those for conventional cigarettes. For both products, perceptions of harm and addictiveness were lower among exclusive and dual users, compared to non-users.     

Similarity and Complementarity of Behavioral Profiles of Friendship Types and Types of Friends: Friendships and Psychosocial Adjustment

This study investigated different types of friendships and the behavioral profiles of different types of friends in relation to individual adjustment. In 102 classes with preadolescents (mean age 11), 737 independent friendship dyads, and in 149 classes with adolescents (mean age 14), 1,102 friendship dyads were identified. At each age group, cluster analyses on the behavioral profiles of the dyads yielded three friendship types, with two types of friends within each friendship type: Socially Withdrawn friendship (Victimized Withdrawn and Prosocial Withdrawn friends), Prosocial friendship (High Prosocial and Less Prosocial friends), and Antisocial friendship (Bullying Antisocial and Antisocial friends). The behavioral profiles of the two friends in Prosocial friendships were marked by similarity and in the other two types by complementarity. Both Victimized Withdrawn and Bullying Antisocial friends were less adjusted than participants without friends while Prosocial friends were more adjusted.     

Powerlessness and Abuse and Neglect of Older Adults

ABSTRACT

This article is a qualitative study which addresses the interacting relationship between the environmental context of care giving and abuse and neglect of older adults. These are examined through a thematic content analysis of risk factors identified in sixteen ‘in depth’ interviews of abused and neglected victims including two of their abusers. The interviews provide a portrait of their past and present situations, their roles and relationships and the process through which the interviewees move into their described process of powerlessness.

The interviewees are analysed through a critical, systemic, ecological analysis of the historical, gender and cultural perspectives of the interviewees. Through the relationships of the victims and their abusers in the macro, meso, exo and micro systems, questions are raised about the growing debate regarding changes in family patterns and demographics that affect how societies define the provision of care to their dependent adults. They demonstrate that violence is produced by complex interacting systems and significant events, that impact on the life courses of some older adults and some care givers leading them into powerless positions and resulting in abuse and neglect.     

The Co-Evolution of Marriage and Parental Rights of Gays and Lesbians

ABSTRACT

Historically, federal and state legislation placed different conditions on same- and opposite-sex couples' ability to marry, adopt, or exercise their parental rights. Given the historical intertwining of marriage and parenting, legal issues remain hinged on differing conceptions of marriage and what constitutes a legal family in the United States, especially for same-sex partners compared to their different-sexed couple counterparts. This article provides a historical review of decisions that serve as the foundation for queer parenting rights in the United States. A key focus is on the impact of the U.S. Supreme Court Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) marriage decision on queer parenting and its relevance to researchers and practitioners whose work involves queer families. State discrepancies continue to exist for the treatment of parental rights in spite of the legalization of same-sex marriage. Finally, suggestions are provided for future directions for the field.     

Parenting Responses and Parenting Goals of Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents

We extended on previous work by examining the contextual nature of parenting goals in mothers and fathers of adolescents. We also examined dyadic parenting similarity in parenting responses and parenting goals. Participants were 285 primarily professional (48.6%), White (82.7%) parents of adolescents aged 14 to 17 years old (mothers n = 213, fathers n = 68, dyads n = 43). Results of a 2 × 2 × 6 MANCOVA indicated that parenting goals were influenced by characteristics of the situation but not by parent or adolescent gender. There was dyadic parenting similarity for parenting responses and dyadic similarity for parenting goals. The implications of these findings for parenting interventions and future parenting research using within family comparisons are discussed.