共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
In this article we characterise the well-being of young children in the Belgian region of Flanders. We focus on three commonly
used indicators: educational attainment, the existence of special needs and the occurrence of problematic behaviour. The former
derives from a relatively impartial source, the schooling system, while the latter two originate from parental assessment.
Somewhat surprisingly, the different measures are only weakly associated with each other. Moreover, negative outcomes tend
to correlate with different characteristics of the child and the household, depending on the well-being indicator used. Only
a low level of education of the mother and the fact the child is living in a single parent family is consistently associated
with negative outcomes. This is not true, however, for a whole range of other characteristics, like the work schedule of the
parents, the sex of the child, the child’s rank in the line of siblings or the number of children in the household. Consequently,
policy makers should be wary of quick conclusions when presented with results from single indicator research. Educational
lagging, for example, may seem a very objective measure of problems, yet it does not necessarily coincide with problematic
behaviour nor a parental perception of special needs. Hence, political action is not self-evident and may require additional
justification. For future research, a more thorough investigation about the links between the various indicators of child
well-being seems indicated.
相似文献
Evelien Van Vlasselaer (Corresponding author)Email: |
2.
This paper analyses the relation between public pensions, fertility and child care in a closed-economy overlapping generations
model with endogenous fertility. It is shown that raising a child involves two social externalities and that it is optimal
to introduce child allowances if the government redistributes income from the young to the old. The optimal child allowance
rises when longevity increases. If the costs of raising children depend positively on the wage, a third externality arises
and the returns to savings should be taxed.
相似文献
Lex MeijdamEmail: |
3.
Jackline Wahba 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(4):823-852
This paper examines the influence of adult market wages and having parents who were child labourers on child labour, when this decision is jointly determined with child schooling, using data from Egypt. The empirical results suggest that low adult market wages are key determinants of child labour; a 10% increase in the illiterate male market wage decreases the probability of child labour by 22% for boys and 13% for girls. The findings also indicate the importance of social norms in the intergenerational persistence of child labour: parents who were child labourers themselves are on average 10% more likely to send their children to work. In addition, higher local regional income inequality increases the likelihood of child labour.
相似文献
Jackline WahbaEmail: Fax: +44-23-80593858 |
4.
The authors seek to give an overview of ways in which social indicators relevant to research on children affected by armed
conflict can be developed, and how such research can be carried out. Technical and methodological challenges involved in this
pursuit are discussed. It is argued that data production must consider issues of definition and delineation of the phenomenon
of war-affected children more actively than it does currently. An analytical approach is proposed, in which children’s characteristics
in different situations, or in different stages of conflict, may be used as intakes to understanding how the social processes
pertaining to life histories of children in armed conflict are created and reproduced.
相似文献
Tone SommerfeltEmail: |
5.
Kristen Harknett 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(3):347-365
Among a recent birth cohort in U.S. cities, young children were far more likely to be diagnosed with asthma and to experience
an asthma-related emergency if their parents were unmarried. Using longitudinal data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing
Study, I find that the child health benefits of marriage seem to stem from the benefits of parental coresidence and the demographic
and socioeconomic correlates of marriage. Children whose parents live apart appear to be at heightened risk of asthma even
after taking into account demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. The child health benefits of marriage are only weakly
related to mothers’ health behaviors and are not related to father involvement. An analysis of relationship transitions suggests
that marital disruption may be more harmful for children than the disruption of cohabiting unions. The results provide some
cautions and considerations for the U.S. government’s Healthy Marriage Initiative.
相似文献
Kristen HarknettEmail: |
6.
Child mortality, fertility, and human capital accumulation 总被引:5,自引:4,他引:1
Leonid V. Azarnert 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):285-297
This article analyzes the impact of decline in child mortality on fertility and economic growth. The study shows that the timing of mortality relative to education is crucial to implications of mortality decline. If child mortality is realized before education starts, an exogenous decline in child mortality leads to a decline in education—a finding that is opposite to those of studies that considered a decline in mortality after the cost of education has been incurred. The work also demonstrates the role of parental human capital in reducing child mortality and the causal link between rising education and declining child mortality.
相似文献
Leonid V. AzarnertEmail: |
7.
8.
Naci Mocan 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(4):743-780
This paper tests adverse selection in the market for child care. A unique data set containing quality measures of various
characteristics of child care provided by 746 rooms in 400 centers, as well as the evaluation of the same attributes by 3,490
affiliated consumers (parents) in the U.S., is employed. Comparisons of consumer evaluations of quality to actual quality
show that after adjusting for scale effects, parents are weakly rational. The hypothesis of strong rationality is rejected,
indicating that parents do not utilize all available information in forming their assessment of quality. The results demonstrate
the existence of information asymmetry and adverse selection in the market, which provide an explanation for low average quality
in the U.S. child care market.
相似文献
Naci MocanEmail: |
9.
The determinants and consequences of child care subsidies for single mothers in the USA 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
This paper provides an analysis of child care subsidies under welfare reform in the USA. We used data from the 1999 National
Survey of America's Families to analyze the determinants of receipt of a child care subsidy and the effects of subsidy receipt
on employment, school attendance, unemployment, and welfare participation. Ordinary least-squares estimates that treat subsidy
receipt as exogenous show an effect of subsidy receipt on employment of about 13 percentage points. Two-stage least-squares
estimates that treat subsidy receipt as endogenous and use county dummies as identifying instruments show an effect of 33
percentage points on employment, 20 percentage points on unemployment, and no effects on schooling and welfare receipt.
相似文献
Erdal Tekin (Corresponding author)Email: |
10.
Jungmin Lee 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):855-875
This study estimates the trade-off between child quantity and quality by exploiting exogenous variation in fertility under
son preferences. Under son preferences, both sibling size and fertility timing are determined depending on the first child’s
gender, which is random as long as parents do not abort girls at their first childbearing. For the sample South Korean households,
I find strong evidence of unobserved heterogeneity in preferences for child quantity and quality across households. The trade-off
is not as strong as observed cross-sectional relationships would suggest. However, even after controlling for unobserved heterogeneity,
a greater number of siblings have adverse effects on per-child investment in education, in particular, when fertility is high.
相似文献
Jungmin LeeEmail: |
11.
The influence of wages on parents’ allocations of time to child care and market work in the United Kingdom 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Charlene M. Kalenkoski David C. Ribar Leslie S. Stratton 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(2):399-419
We use time-diary data on couples with children from the 2000 United Kingdom Time Use Survey to examine the impacts of own
and partner’s wages on parents’ provision of child care and market work on weekdays and on weekends and holidays. We find
that increases in partners’ wages increase women’s primary care on all days and decrease their market work on weekdays, while
increases in women’s own wages increase their market work on weekdays. There is little evidence that men’s time use responds
to changes in their own wages. However, an increase in men’s partners’ wages increases men’s passive child-care time on weekends
and reduces their market-work time on weekends.
相似文献
Leslie S. Stratton |
12.
We examine the long-run effects of the pay-as-you-go (PAYG) social security scheme on fertility and welfare of individuals
in an overlapping generations model, assuming that child-care services are available in the market. We show that the impact
of a tax increase on fertility depends on the relative magnitudes of the standard intergenerational redistribution effect
through the social security system, the (implicit) subsidy effect through tax-exemption of child rearing at home, and the
price effect through changes in the relative price of market child care, and that if parental child-rearing time is inelastic,
a tax cut could bring about a Pareto-improving allocation.
相似文献
Akira Yakita (Corresponding author)Email: |
13.
John Ermisch 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):827-853
The paper presents a model of a non-resident father’s child support and contact with his child, which combines the public
good treatment of “child quality” with “trade” in father–child contact time in a setting of non-cooperative interaction. It
predicts that father’s income and mother’s non-labour income should have exactly the same effect on the frequency of father–child
contact if he chooses to make lump sum payments to the mother. If he does not or there is a binding child support payment
order, they have effects opposite in direction. A higher binding support order reduces father–child contact but may well raise
“child quality”.
相似文献
John ErmischEmail: |
14.
Po-Keung Ip 《Social indicators research》2009,91(1):59-77
The aim of this paper is to construct a notion of well-being in the workplace applicable to Taiwan society as an example of
the Chinese cultural communities. The construction involves the following steps. Different domains of the well-being in the
workplace are identified based on the results of workplace research. A set of integrative values combining universal values
and Chinese values is constructed to serve as the ground for constructing the components of workplace well-being. Both the
universal portion and the Chinese portion have a generic and a workplace-specific portion as their integrative parts. The
values in effect help to define specific contents of the components, thus making them relevant and applicable to the Chinese
culture. The construct serves as the basis to develop specific indicators to measure, monitor and assess well-being in the
workplace. The construct of workplace well-being forms a part of the general well-being in business which contains various
well-beings associated with the multiple stakeholders in the business communities—customers, shareholders, citizens, competitors,
communities, and the environment. In today’s globalized business environment, this construct is especially significant when
more multinationals are operating with an increasingly multicultural workplace where people with different cultures communicate,
cooperate and interact.
相似文献
Po-Keung IpEmail: |
15.
This paper uses hazard regression models to assess the impact of experienced infant and child mortality on the risk of subsequent
conceptions in Ethiopia. The purpose of this paper is to test for the presence of a fertility response to an infant or child
death, net of the effects of truncated breastfeeding on fecundity. Using retrospective birth history data from a national
survey in Ethiopia, we find a significantly higher risk of a conception in the months following the death of an index child,
even after controlling for postpartum amenorrhoea and breastfeeding status. The fertility response is strongest after the
death of the fourth or fifth child, which is when most women in Ethiopia are at or near their desired family size. However,
we find no evidence of a fertility response to the death of a nonindex child. We attribute the higher risk of a conception
following an index child’s death to the intentional efforts of couples to reduce the waiting time to a next birth and thereby
replace the deceased child. However, absent evidence of replacement fertility in response to the death of older nonindex children,
we interpret the response to the death of an index child as an emotional response to child loss rather than a conscious strategy
to meet a fertility target.
相似文献
Gebre-Egziabher KirosEmail: |
16.
Alfonso Miranda 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(1):55-70
In the last decades, female permanent sterilisation became the most used method of contraception in Mexico. During this time,
the demand for pills, condoms and other short-term contraceptives fell consistently. The shift in the demand for contraceptives
raises concerns among demographers that the timing of children may remain unchanged regardless of observed reductions in period
fertility rates. This paper assesses such ideas in the context of the timing of a first child using duration models as the
main analysis tool. Findings suggest that young cohorts of women are effectively delaying first birth relative to the experience
of older generations.
相似文献
Alfonso MirandaEmail: |
17.
A single latent variable model of health status and therapeutic health care utilization is estimated for parents and own children
of 6,557 US households. The equation system that identifies latent health status simultaneously determines a number of indicators
of general health, including presence of morbidity symptoms, mobility limitations, medication needs, and utilization of therapeutic
health care services. The main goal of the paper was to obtain an unbiased estimate of parents’ marginal substitution rate
between own and child health. Results indicate that parents’ valuation of their children’s health exceeds their valuation
of own health by almost twofold on average.
相似文献
Thomas D. CrockerEmail: |
18.
Does child gender affect marital status? Evidence from Australia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Andrew Leigh 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(2):351-366
Pooling microdata from five Australian censuses, I explore the relationship between child gender and parents’ marital status.
By contrast with the USA, I find no evidence that the gender of the first child has a significant impact on the decision to
marry or divorce. However, among two-child families, parents with two children of the same sex are 1.7 percentage points less
likely to be married than parents with a boy and a girl. This finding is unlikely to be consistent with theories of preference
for sons over daughters, differential costs, role models, or complementary costs but is consistent with a theory of mixed-gender
preference.
相似文献
Andrew LeighEmail: |
19.
Lingxin Hao Nan M. Astone Andrew J. Cherlin 《Population research and policy review》2007,26(3):235-257
This paper is an assessment of the impact of child support enforcement and welfare policies on nonmarital teenage childbearing
and motherhood. We derive four hypotheses about the effects of policies on nonmarital teenage childbearing and motherhood.
We propose that teenage motherhood and school enrollment are joint decisions for teenage girls. Based on individual trajectories
during ages 12–19, our analysis uses an event history model for nonmarital teenage childbearing and a dynamic model of motherhood
that is jointly determined with school enrollment. We find some evidence that child support policies indirectly reduce teen
motherhood by increasing the probability of school enrollment, which, in turn, reduces the probability of teen motherhood.
This finding suggests that welfare offices may wish to place greater weight on outreach programs that inform more teenagers
of the existence of strong child support enforcement measures. Such programs might reduce nonmarital teen motherhood further
and thus reduce the need for welfare support and child support enforcement in the long run.
相似文献
Lingxin HaoEmail: |
20.
The present study considers how the athletic performance of minority groups relates to national subjective well-being (SWB)
and life expectancy. Based on the argument that sports represent a microcosm of society and the reliable finding that national
inequality is associated with reduced SWB, we hypothesized that greater opportunities for typically disadvantaged groups within
sports should be positively related to national indicators of well-being. Study 1 compared the relation of success in the
Paralympics versus the Olympics to national subjective well-being and life expectancy. The results supported our hypothesis.
In Study 2 we conceptually replicated these results using the standings of national men’s and women’s soccer teams. Overall,
it appears that the opportunities to compete in sports that nations afford to members of disadvantaged groups reflect on the
health and well-being of the entire society.
相似文献
Michelle DownieEmail: |