论人力资本投资的社会经济效益

论人力资本投资的社会经济效益○张再生○（南开大学人口与发展研究所天津３０００７１）投资是社会经济发展的前提,没有投资就不存在社会经济发展。现实的投资可分为两种：即人力资本投资和物质资本投资。人力资本投资作为投资的一种主要方式,正以其在提高国民素质,促...     

“逆向选择”下的个人人力资本投资

在中国高等教育实行收费制、高校毕业生就业率下降的条件下 ,为什么居民的高等教育投资需求还是这么强劲 ?本文用一个“逆向选择”下人力资本投资的博弈假说解释了上述现象。本文的基本结论是 ,在劳动力岗位实行竞争性配置、教育筛选机制不规范的前提下 ,人力资本的创造性替代导致了低能者的防御性反应 ,从而出现人力资本市场的“逆向选择” ;而“逆向选择”又进一步导致文凭的过度投资     

中国大学生的就业决策和职业期望——以浙江省为例

文章利用最新的调查数据,研究了大学生的人力资本状况和家庭社会经济背景对其就业决策和职业期望的决定效应。研究发现,大学生的人力资本状况对其就业决策和职业期望有显著的决定效应,人力资本存量高的大学生能较早进行职业生涯规划,虽然他们向往到大城市工作,但他们不希望过早地进入劳动力市场;大学生家庭经济条件的提升会抑制其就业倾向,家庭经济条件好的大学生不仅对职业选择和就业地有明确要求,而且他们对期望收入有更高的诉求。研究结果表明,大学生当前的就业决策和职业期望既会强化劳动力市场的二元结构,又可能通过代际传承扩大社会的不平等程度。     

论独生子女家庭人力资本投资的性别偏好

家庭是孩子人力资本投资的主要单位,人力资本理论存在性别盲点,忽略了人力资本投资的社会性别因素。本文从社会性别视角研究独生子女家庭人力资本投资行为,分析了影响独生子女家庭人力资本投资的人口因素、经济因素和社会性别文化因素。研究发现,独生子女家庭中女孩人力资本投资得到了积极的改善,但社会性别仍然影响着家庭人力资本投资的性别偏好,独生子女家庭通过人力资本投资“表现社会性别”。     

从性别角度看我国教育资本的分布

本文借用洛伦茨曲线和基尼系数用于分析收入的均等性问题的原理,从性别角度分析我国人力资本的一种——教育资本的不平等分布现象,并分地区和城乡比较人力资本的性别差异,以寻找影响我国人力资本性别差异的原因,探索其解决办法。     

基于就业稳定性差异的农民工创业影响因素研究

从就业稳定性差异的视角,基于不同就业特征农民工群体进入自雇创业因果机制的差异,对人力与社会资本在稳定就业与不稳定就业农民工自雇创业中的作用进行比较研究。利用实地调查数据的检验,发现人力与社会资本对不同就业特征农民工群体自雇创业的作用方式不同:不稳定就业群体人力资本中的教育程度越低,社会资本桥梁性越高,越可能进入自雇创业;稳定就业群体人力资本中的城市工作时间越长,社会资本内聚性特征越强,越有可能进入自雇创业。     

人力资本、社会资本对农民工市民化的影响—以X市农民工为个案研究

通过个案访谈,描述和分析了两个农民工的市民化历程。比较研究表明人力资本、社会资本是农民工市民化的重要影响因素：人力资本为农民工市民化奠定经济基础,并影响着农民工再构现代型社会资本能力;现代型社会资本则是农民工城市生活的重要资源。因此,帮助农民工提升人力资本,再构现代型社会资本对促进其成功市民化具有重要意义。     

市场转型、社会资本与城市居民的贫困缓解：以广州和兰州的贫困居民为例

使用广州和兰州的实证数据,在对贫困居民的社会资本测量的基础上,对贫困居民所拥有的各种资本包括社会资本、人力资本和传统体制资本与贫困居民的贫困缓解关系进行探讨。结果表明,个体的社会资本对居民的贫困缓解具有显著意义,但是人力资本、体制资本对个体生活机遇建构无显著意义。文后对市场转型论进行回应,并对城市贫困居民主要资本类型作用的制度环境进行了解释与讨论。     

我国新生代农民工收入的区域差异研究

当前,新生代农民工已占外出农民工总数的70%以上,务工地点分布广泛。由于受到地区经济发展水平和社会文化特点的影响,其收入水平高低的影响因素也各有特点。本研究基于4 268份新生代农民工务工收入的调查问卷,对比分析东部、中部、西部和东北地区新生代农民工务工收入水平的绝对差异和相对差异,建立其收入的影响因素模型,检验异方差问题,选择最优的回归方式以检验人力资本和社会资本因素对新生代农民工务工收入的影响。结果表明,东部地区新生代农民工的绝对收入差距最大,西部地区最小,中部及东北地区的绝对收入差距处于中间位置。在相对区域差异分析中,东部和中部地区新生代农民工的相对收入差距比较大,其次为东北和西部地区。在人力资本方面,东部地区新生代农民工的务工收入受到人力资本因素的影响,中部地区主要受到务工年限和拓展性人力资本的影响,西部地区受到人力资本因素的正向影响,东北地区主要受到除学历外的基础性人力资本的正向影响,技能数起到正向影响。在社会资本方面,东部、中部和西部地区的新生代农民工的务工收入主要受拜年人数及外地同学亲友数目的影响,而东北地区则主要受拜年人数及本地同学亲友数目的影响。     

人力资本、社会资本与高校毕业生就业质量

利用多个高校的第一手调查资料,从工资水平、就业单位类型和主观满意度等三个方面测量毕业生的就业质量,并把大学生的人力资本分解为学术性人力资本和实践性人力资本,他们的社会资本分解为家庭经济性资本和家庭社会性资本,具体考察人力资本和社会资本是否以及如何影响大学毕业生的就业质量.研究发现,大学生的人力资本和社会资本对他们工资水平和就业单位类型产生正向作用,但对就业的满意度则呈负面影响;另外,与社会资本相比,人力资本对大学生就业质量的影响更显著,结合大学生就业质量现状,本文也讨论了研究结论的政策含义.     

View Grandeur by Details and Fill Feelings in Scenery

正Chen Chenyi is one of my very valued painters.For many years,he has been assiduous in painting.Influenced by his family since childhood,he possesses profound artistic cultivation and solid basic painting skills.His pursuit in Chinese painting is refl ected in his constant exploration in the artistic conception of the painting’s general     

Statistical Communiqué on Human Resources and Social Security Development in 2013

正In 2013,under the strong leadership of the Central Committee of the Party and the State Council and with the focus on major objectives of the Party and the state,China adhered to the main work line of orienting by people’s livelihood and giving priority to talents;laid equal emphasis on both normal operation and internal construction;comprehensively promoted scientific development,reform and innovation of human resources and social security undertakings and     

Health and Happiness for All ——2014 International Day of Families China Commemoration Meeting was Held in Beijing

正May 15th is the International Day of Families.The United Nations has set the theme of this year for the Day as Families Matter for the Achievement of Development Goals.The theme for China is Health for Everyone and Happiness for Each Family.In order to do well in publicizing     

Arrests of Fugitive Economic Crime Suspects Abroad： Fox Hunt 2014 in Action

正In 2014,China launched a massive global Fox Hunt operation to arrest fugitives and recover the embezzled money and intensifi ed the pace to captur e corrupt officials overseas.Some media analysts believe the government tries to deter"those corrupt offi cials who decide to run away for good after being fully fed by embezzled money":foreign countries are not their boltholes any more."The movements of quite a large number     

Green Pu’er City and the Cloud Tea

正If being asked which is the largest city of Yunnan,nine out of ten people would give the wrong answer-just as some people would reply that Toronto is the capital of Canada,Sydney is the capital of Australia and Guilin is the capital of Gaungxi.In fact,the largest city of Yunnan is Pu’er,not Kunming.Many people are familiar with Pu’er because of Pu’er Tea.They believe the place"Pu’er"is named after the tea.But the     

National Health and Family Planning Commission Issued Action Plan for National Health Literacy Promotion 2014-2020

正Health literacy is the ability of a person to obtain and understand basic healthcare information and service and make appropriate decisions to maintain and improve one’s own health by applying that information and service.It is not only an important indicator to evaluate health and family planning work and people’s health status,but also a     

China will Promote Establish ment of Classified Diagnosis and Treatment System and Reform Medical Insurance Payment System

正According to Xinhuanet,during the Forum on Pilots of Urban Public Hospital Comprehensive Reform held in Sanming City of Fujian Province,Dr.Li Bin,Minister of National Health and Family Planning Commission(NHFPC)indicated that the pilots of public hospital reform would promote the establishment of classifi ed diagnosis and treatment system.Li said the medical consortium connected grassroots medical institutions to major hospitals on both ends.It had     

Statistical Communique on Development of Disabled Persons Undertaking in China in 2013

正In 2013,the sixth national congress of China Disabled Persons'Federation(CDPF)was convened successfully,which had provided important idealogical and organizational guarantees for promoting innovation and development at a new starting point.Under the effective leadership and guidance of the Party Central Committee and the State Council,Party and government departments had attached great importance,CDPF worked hard,all     

“Poststroke Rescue”Public Welfare Project Plans to Provide Services to 100 000 Shanghai Rural Elderly

正According to Chinanews.com,"Pinetree Poststroke Rescue"public welfare project,which aims at providing social assistance for stroke patients,has established the first rural rehabilitation nursing station in Minhang district of Shanghai on April 3,2014.The public projects has planned to fully cover nine districts in Shanghai suburbs and expect to deliver services to more than 100 000 rural elderly.The organization founder Wang Yanni introduced the"beautiful rural trilogy"strategy.First,by working with     

Low Fertility Trap:Theories,Facts and Implications

The low Fertility Trap Hypothesis proposes that there are three self-reinforcing mechanism--demographic,sociological and economic,working towards a downward spiral in future fertility.Once TFR drops below 1.5,it will be difficult to recover.The fertility recovery emerging in many countries across the world has changed the lowfertility trap theory and also the justification of the theory itself.So low-fertility trap is more likely a pattern summarized from a short-time phenomenon than a generalized social law.As with China,the current fertility level is above 1.5 births per woman,and China is not in the "Low-fertility trap".Moreover,most recent surveys suggests that current fertility intention in China is above 1.8 births per woman and more than60 percent of people would have a second child if there is an adjustment of fertility policy.In addition,birth postponement is still playing an important role in reducing TFR in China.Thus,with the high fertility intention,adjustment of family planning policy and decreasing tempo effect,TFR in China will experience upturn but not further decline in the near future.It is lack of evidence to conclude that China has already been or is going to be trapped in low fertility.