竞争战略对企业绩效的影响研究

本文基于中国制造业上市公司1998-2007年的财务数据,运用验证性因子分析方法识别了公司的竞争战略类型,并通过滞后变量模型分析了竞争战略对公司绩效的影响。实证结果表明:低成本战略和差异化战略均能给上市公司带来短期绩效增长,但实施低成本战略的企业的短期绩效显著优于实施差异化战略的企业;低成本战略对长期绩效有显著影响,其竞争优势具有持久性,但差异化战略对长期绩效的影响并不显著。     

业绩期望差距、管理自主权与企业竞争战略

基于企业行为理论的洞见,本文选取2007—2018年中国民营上市企业为研究样本,分析了相对绩效表现(即业绩期望差距)对企业竞争战略的影响,以及管理自主权对上述关系的调节作用。研究结果表明：业绩期望落差对企业差异化战略具有正向影响。业绩期望顺差对企业低成本战略具有正向影响。进一步研究表明,随着组织冗余的增加,业绩期望落差对企业差异化战略的正向影响将增强,而业绩期望顺差对企业低成本战略的正向影响将减弱。随着组织惯性的增加,业绩期望落差对企业差异化战略的正向影响以及业绩期望顺差对企业低成本战略的正向影响都将减弱。本文充分表明,企业竞争战略不仅受制于业绩期望差距的方向与大小,还将进一步受制于组织冗余与组织惯性。     

差异化战略的核心:创造价值——以服装行业为例

正一、成功的差异化战略需要企业创造独特的价值早在上个世纪80年代,迈克尔波特在《竞争战略》一书中就强调了三种竞争战略:低成本战略、差异化战略和重点集中战略。由于重点集中战略属于在某个特定细小行业中低成本战略和差异化战略的特殊应用,因此,企业战略主要分为低成本战略和差异化战略。面对消费者复杂多样的消费需求,企业偏爱实施差异化战略。但是,是否所有的差异化战略都能成功呢?答案是否定的。差异化战略必须创造价     

出口企业竞争战略对产品创新的影响:以市场导向为中介变量

本研究基于220家中国制造型出口企业的数据,探讨了两种竞争战略(差异化战略和成本领先战略)如何通过顾客导向和竞争者导向影响企业创新倾向和新产品绩效。研究结果显示:(1)差异化战略通过促进顾客导向和竞争者导向间接改善创新倾向和新产品绩效;(2)成本领先战略直接正向影响创新倾向进而改善新产品绩效;(3)差异化战略对出口企业产品创新的影响更为显著。研究为中国制造型出口企业如何改善竞争战略执行、提高产品创新绩效提出了管理上的启示意义。     

战略实施与企业绩效:项目管理机制的中介效应

项目管理理论认为,战略可以通过项目管理机制得以实施,但多数文献对项目管理机制在业务战略和企业绩效之间的作用机理缺乏系统的研究.本研究把"项目管理办公室"、"项目群管理"、"阶段门审查"等项目管理机制作为中介变量.引入到业务战略对企业绩效的影响过程中.研究发现,三种项目管理机制都对低成本战略一企业绩效有显著的中介效应,项目管理办公室对差异化战略一企业绩效有显著的中介效应,从而证实了项目管理机制在不同程度上可以作为战略实施的有效方式.     

竞争驱动战略转型的人力资本视线研究——以天津中小制造业企业为例

转型升级阵痛中的中国制造业企业，唯有基于人力资本"视线"实施差异化战略、推进激进式创新，才能变革成功，进而在激烈市场竞争中存活下来并形成核心竞争力。以天津市各大工业园区154家中小制造业企业的问卷调查数据为样本，采用结构方程模型对制造业企业创新逆驱战略转型的人力资本"视线"进行统计检验。结果显示，战略层面的"视线"有一个：外部环境竞争性、差异化战略、激进式创新与企业绩效。资源层面"视线"有两个：差异化战略、HRM系统、人力资本、渐进式创新、激进式创新与企业绩效；差异化战略、HRM系统、知识共享与企业绩效。这三条"视线"为中国制造业企业指明了战略转型、创新变革的具体方向。     

建筑施工企业实施蓝海战略的思考

什么是蓝海战略,为什么要实施蓝海战略,建筑施工企业如何实施蓝海战略,作者从蓝海战略要为客户创造价值这一核心问题出发,通过同时实施低成本和差异化,为建筑施工企业开辟“蓝海”提出了若干策略。     

探索型、挖掘型战略选择对组织绩效的影响研究

基于资源基础理论,尝试从组织松弛视角出发,运用内容分析法对中国企业展开情境化研究。重构"二元战略行为→绩效"模型,并引入组织松弛变量,通过对中国120家高科技企业样本数据的分析发现:探索型战略行为和挖掘型战略行为对企业财务绩效的影响存在结构性差异;平衡二元战略有利于企业长期绩效,而结合二元战略对企业长期绩效的影响不显著;不同类型组织松弛与探索型战略行为、挖掘型战略行为存在差异化匹配,组织松弛通过促进结合二元战略提升组织长期绩效。     

企业差异化战略在百货业的应用

本文重点论述了企业的差异化战略,具体内容有差异化竞争战略的概念与类型、差异化战略的优势与风险、差异化战略在百货业中的运用、百货业的问题与发展以及我国百货商场实施差异化战略的意义.本文还进一步分析认为,在目前行业增长趋缓、竞争压力增大的情况下,我国的百货商场可以通过运用差异化战略的手段,确立自己的经营特色,在竞争中赢得优势.     

HRM系统、竞争战略与企业绩效关系的实证研究

战略人力资源管理理论认为人力资源管理(HRM)系统和企业竞争战略之间的匹配关系会对企业绩效产生影响.通过类型学和分类学两条主线归纳并总结了关于 HRM 系统及其与企业绩效关系的研究,提出了 HRM 系统、竞争战略与企业绩效关系的假说,并以133家样本企业为研究对象,对理论假说进行了检验.研究发现,采取内部型 HRM 形态的企业的绩效高于采取市场型 HRM 形态的企业;环境特征(产业技术变革、劳动力市场竞争)对 HRM 系统形态与企业绩效关系的调节效应仅得到部分支持,而企业规模的调节效用没有得到支持;企业的竞争战略对人力资源战略选择的影响很小;HRM 系统与竞争战略匹配企业的绩效高于没有匹配企业的假说没有得到支持.最后,对研究结论进行了讨论,分析了其局限性和未来研究建议.     

How to beat early movers: The role of competitive strategy and industry dynamism on followers’ performance in the telecommunications industry

The idea of first-mover advantages is frequently used by both managers and academics alike. Despite its importance for understanding the performance of entry in new markets, the evidence remains mixed. Our study advances research on the entry timing-performance relationship by adopting a contingency perspective that includes both micro (competitive strategies) and macro (industry dynamics) dimensions to explain differences in entrants' profitability. In this paper we focus on follower firms and propose that cost leadership is the best strategy for them to successfully entering a market. In addition, recognizing the contingency effect of industry dynamism, we also examine how market growth and technology evolution affect the effectiveness of followers’ competitive strategies. Specifically, we propose that followers will be better off by using cost strategies in growing markets, while when operating in contexts of technological change the performance of the cost leadership strategy will be lower.     

Exploration and Firm Performance: The Moderating Impact of Competitive Strategy

In this study we examine the moderating effect of competitive strategy (including differentiation and cost‐leadership strategies) on the relationship between exploration and firm performance. We find that the moderating effect of differentiation strategy is positive while that of cost‐leadership strategy is negative. And, these moderating effects are stronger in a highly competitive context. This study offers an explanation for previous mixed findings on the linkage of exploration to firm performance and enriches the discipline's knowledge regarding the performance implications of exploration. Moreover, we respond directly to the appeal in research on competitive strategy to clarify the role played by competitive strategy in profiting from exploration.     

Generic Strategies and Business Performance: an Empirical Study of the Screw Machine Products Industry

Select businesses in industry may attempt to compete through distinct strategies. But some may be successful in adopting distinct strategic profiles while others may not prove successful. In this study it was expected that six different groups of businesses might be present in the empirical exploration – those competing successfully with the low cost strategy and those competing unsuccessfully with this strategy; those competing successfully with the differentiation strategy and those competing unsuccessfully with this strategy; and those competing successfully with low cost and differentiation strategies and those competing unsuccessfully with these strategies. The results of the investigation portray the presence of three strategic profiles. They are unsuccessful low cost businesses with the lowest performance, unsuccessful differentiated businesses with the second lowest performance, and successful businesses with combination strategies with the highest performance.     

The relationships between firm’s strategy,resources and innovation performance: resources-based view perspective

Besides basic competitive priority (quality, cost, delivery and flexibility), innovation has been recognised as one of the primary sources of competitive advantage for manufacturing industry to compete in global markets. This paper, therefore, presents an empirical study on the relationship between firm strategy, resources and innovation performance. Drawing from the grounded theory of resource-based view, and using 218 responses from Thai production/operation managers, this paper shows that differentiation strategy had a positive relationship with both internal capital or internal resources (represented by knowledge and creativity management) and networks capital or external resources (represented by customer and supplier network). The findings also revealed that only internal capital had a positive effect on innovation performance. Finally, contributions to industry practitioner, academia and national agency in supporting and promoting innovation are presented.     

供应链管理实践对企业绩效的影响

文章构建了供应链管理实践-企业竞争战略-企业绩效的权变模型,通过问卷调查搜集一手数据,运用因子分析和回归分析等统计方法,找出在不同的竞争战略下,哪些供应链管理实践与其更匹配。文章得出的结果对于企业也具有借鉴意义,实行不同竞争战略的企业根据结果调整供应链实践的关注程度,使供应链实践更好地与竞争战略相匹配。     

考虑企业竞争的产品线延伸策略研究

越来越多的企业延伸其产品线以满足消费者不同需求,本文采用博弈论探讨了企业产品线延伸策略的有效性。在竞争情形下,两个企业均有机会进行产品线延伸抢夺市场份额。通过消费者效用理论构建了两个企业的需求函数,并得到了均衡解及其利润。研究发现：Nash博弈下,当延伸成本较高时,竞争性企业会放弃产品线延伸;当延伸成本适中时,进行产品线延伸的企业将获得更多利润,而不进行产品线延伸的竞争对手将遭受损失;当延伸成本较低时,虽然企业最优的选择是延伸其产品线,但是两个企业会陷入“囚徒困境”——产品线延伸非但没有获得更多利润反而使利润减少了;另外,当两企业进行Stackelberg博弈时,本文核心结论依然成立,但两企业陷入囚徒困境的可能性增大。     

Performance Impacts of Strategy,Information Technology Applications,and Business Process Outsourcing in U.S. Manufacturing Plants

This paper develops a conceptual model to study the role of outsourcing strategies and plant‐level information technology (IT) application infrastructure in the outsourcing of production and support business processes, as well as their subsequent impact on overall plant performance. We validate this model empirically using cross‐sectional survey data from U.S. manufacturing plants. We find that some IT applications are more effective at enabling the outsourcing of business processes than others. For example, the implementation of enterprise management systems is associated with the outsourcing of both production and support processes, whereas operations management systems are not associated with the outsourcing of plant processes. Plants with a low‐cost outsourcing strategy are more likely to outsource support processes than plants with a competency‐focused outsourcing strategy. However, both cost‐ and competency‐based strategies have a positive and similar impact on the outsourcing of production processes. In terms of implications for plant performance, our findings indicate that the outsourcing of production and support processes is associated with higher gross margins. Although plant IT infrastructure is positively associated with favorable on‐time delivery rates, there is no positive association between the incidence of plant outsourcing and on‐time delivery rates. These results have implications for crafting plant‐level outsourcing strategies and for investments in IT systems to facilitate the outsourcing of business processes for enhanced plant performance.