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1.
Dropping out of post-compulsory education in the UK: an analysis of determinants and outcomes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We analyse the decision to drop out of post-compulsory education over the period 1985–1994 using data from the Youth Cohort
Surveys. We show that the dropout rate declined between 1985 and 1994, in spite of the rising participation rate in education,
but is still substantial. Dropping out is more or less constant over the period of study, though the risk of dropout does
vary with young people’s prior attainment, ethnicity, family background and the state of the labour market. The course of
study has a substantial effect on the risk of dropout.
相似文献
Pam LentonEmail: |
2.
Wen-Jen Tsay 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(4):749-767
The social status and well-being of political immigrants’ children are seldom touched upon in literature. This paper focuses on the impact of refugee experience on the relative educational attainment of second-generation immigrants in Taiwan. In contrast with the results in van Ours and Veenman (J Popul Econ 16(4):739–753, 2003) and Riphahn (J Popul Econ 16(4):711–737, 2003) who showed that second-generation immigrants lag behind their native counterparts, this paper’s principle finding is that the father’s immigration status can help his children achieve a higher educational qualification than native Taiwanese after controlling the relevant determinants of educational attainment, including parental background and the neighborhood where the interviewee grows up. In addition, women born in the earlier cohort benefit more by their fathers’ immigration status than their male counterparts do. However, Taiwanese schooling advances across generations are impressive, whereby the gap in schooling attainment between second-generation immigrants and native Taiwanese is found to decline over time.
相似文献
Wen-Jen TsayEmail: Fax: +886-2-27853946 |
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4.
Rebecca Smith 《Social indicators research》2008,88(1):197-213
Contingent, non-standard or “casual” work is present in large numbers in virtually every sector of the United States economy.
Staffing strategies that use subcontracted or contingent work – strategies that once characterized only some low-wage workers
such as garment and agriculture – have now spread to virtually every area of industry, including high tech and finance. United
States law is a patchwork of provisions in separate federal statutes – and sometimes in each of the 50 states – governing
whether a particular individual is an “employee.” Day laborers in the United States have particular challenging enforcing
their limited rights. To address the issues of vulnerable low-wage workers being locked out of labor protections, activists
have developed a number of strategies, including litigation and legislative campaigns. These strategies have more recently
been broadened to facilitate developing leadership in a new social movement. In this article I draw a portrait of the day
labor workforce from city- and state-based surveys of day laborers themselves. I then discuss strategies employed by day laborers
to advance their workplace rights.
相似文献
Rebecca SmithEmail: |
5.
Labor market institutions and demographic employment patterns 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Giuseppe Bertola Francine D. Blau Lawrence M. Kahn 《Journal of population economics》2007,20(4):833-867
We study collective bargaining’s effect on relative employment for youth, women, and older individuals. Our model of collective
wage setting predicts that unionization reduces employment more for groups with relatively elastic labor supply: youth, older
individuals, and women. We test this implication using data from 17 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
(OECD) countries over the 1960–1996 period. We find that time-varying indicators of unionization decrease the employment–population
ratio of young and older individuals relative to the prime-aged, and of prime-aged women relative to prime-aged men, and unionization
raises the unemployment rate of prime-aged women and, possibly, young men compared to prime-aged men.
相似文献
Lawrence M. Kahn (Corresponding author)Email: |
6.
Jad M. Chaaban 《Social indicators research》2009,93(2):351-358
This paper develops an empirical methodology for the construction of a synthetic multi-dimensional cross-country comparison
of the performance of governments around the world in improving the livelihood of their younger population. The devised ‘Youth
Welfare Index’ is based on the nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology and allows for cross-country benchmarking
and comparison over time. The value added of the youth index is to produce country-specific rankings and trace performance
evolution with respect to indicators solely centered on youth, unlike other development indicators like the Human Development
Index (HDI) which bundles many social and development indicators.
相似文献
Jad M. ChaabanEmail: |
7.
Most research on the non-economic quality of life have been (a) on a national level or performed on cross-country comparisons,
and/or (b) used subjective indicators to measure how people perceive their non-economic quality of life. In this paper, our
main contribution is to construct objective indicators of the non-economic quality of life for 354 sub-national magisterial
districts in South Africa. We also compare changes in these indicators over time, and consider methodological issues in the
construction of objective indicators of non-economic quality of life. We find that although income does matter for the overall
quality of life, non-income components of the quality of life can make an important difference. We find a number of places
with low incomes that have been able to achieve higher than expected outcomes in terms of the non-economic quality of life,
and that some of the relative income poor areas have improved their non-economic ranking between 1996 and 2004. We also find
that the geographical/environmental quality of life in South Africa is better in non-urban areas, where fewer of the country’s
population is residing. Significant improvements in the overall quality of life may be achieved through improvements in the
urban natural environment.
相似文献
Wim NaudéEmail: |
8.
This paper uses household level data from National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) of India, the 55th (1999–2000) and the
61st (2004–05) rounds, to show that even with a significant wage incentive for schooling of urban children, the school drop
out rate and child labour incidence are not small over this period. The parents’ level of education plays an important role
in reducing this tendency; thus establishing the linkage between social and human capital outcomes in the family. We also
look at the incidence of harmful and manual occupations among the child labour. Mother’s education appears as the more important
factor in the recent round in curbing the manual work incidences; supporting earlier findings that women’s empowerment (one
important indicator of which would be female educational level) is indeed becoming instrumental in increasing parental awareness.
Using a pooled data set, we have also analysed the changes in the impact of parental education on these decisions between
1999–2000 and 2004–05.
相似文献
Diganta MukherjeeEmail: |
9.
Lena Nekby 《Journal of population economics》2006,19(2):197-226
This study analyzes emigration propensities for natives and immigrants delineating among immigrant emigrants between return and onward migration. Results indicate that emigrants are positively selected in terms of upper education. Well-educated immigrants have a higher probability of leaving for third-country destinations than returning to countries of origin. Predicted age–income profiles for immigrants show that return migrants have higher adjusted mean income levels than non-emigrants up to the age of 40. Onward migrants have lower predicted income levels across the age distribution due to this group’s composition and relatively low employment levels in Sweden. Separate estimations by region of origin indicate that within each group, onward migrants are more positively selected then return migrants in terms of income.
相似文献
Lena NekbyEmail: Fax: +46-44-8159482 |
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11.
In this article we study the bias caused by the conventional retrospective measurement of parental high cultural activities
in the effects of parental high cultural activities and educational attainment on son’s or daughter’s high cultural activities.
Multi-informant data show that there is both random measurement error and correlated error in the respondent’s report of parental
high cultural activities. Correlated measurement error is the consequence of the fact that adult children who have higher
rates of high cultural activities, report higher levels of parental cultural activities than the parents themselves do. When
controls for both types of measurement error are included in structural models, the total intergenerational effect of parental
high cultural activities appears to be larger than in a model without controls for measurement error, but the direct intergenerational
effect is not biased if educational attainment is controlled for. The effect of educational attainment on high cultural activities
is larger in models that correct for measurement error. In addition, the effect of educational attainment is stronger than
the effect of parental high cultural activities, both with and without correction for measurement error.
相似文献
Jannes de VriesEmail: |
12.
John Ermisch 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(4):827-853
The paper presents a model of a non-resident father’s child support and contact with his child, which combines the public
good treatment of “child quality” with “trade” in father–child contact time in a setting of non-cooperative interaction. It
predicts that father’s income and mother’s non-labour income should have exactly the same effect on the frequency of father–child
contact if he chooses to make lump sum payments to the mother. If he does not or there is a binding child support payment
order, they have effects opposite in direction. A higher binding support order reduces father–child contact but may well raise
“child quality”.
相似文献
John ErmischEmail: |
13.
Using public-use microdata samples from the American Community Survey, we find that Middle Eastern Arab men and Afghan, Iranian,
and Pakistani men experienced a significant earnings decline relative to non-Hispanic whites between 2000 and 2002. Further
analyses based on the Juhn–Murphy–Pierce wage decomposition technique as well as quantile regression indicate that this earnings
decline is not explained by changes in the structure of wages or in observable characteristics beyond ethnicity. Our interpretation
is that the unanticipated events of September 11th, 2001 negatively affected the labor-market income of the groups most closely
associated with the ethnicity of the terrorists.
相似文献
Marie T. MoraEmail: |
14.
Temporary Employment and Social Inequality in Canada: Exploring Intersections of Gender, Race and Immigration Status 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Using data from the 2002–2004 waves of Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics, this article investigates the consequences of
different types of temporary employment—fixed-term or contract, casual, agency and seasonal employment—for differently situated
workers in Canada. Attention to intersecting social locations of gender, race and immigrant status helps capture the complex
implications of temporary work for inequality. In particular, it highlights the salience of gender relations in shaping workers’
experience of insecurity in different types of temporary employment.
相似文献
Leah F. VoskoEmail: |
15.
Stephen Obeng Gyimah 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(4):455-471
This study explores the effects of educational attainment on the transition to first marriage across successive generations
of women in Ghana. Considering the significant improvements in women educational attainment and career opportunities in recent
decades, the paper questions the tacit assumption of prior research on the time-invariant effect of women’s educational attainment
on marriage timing. Using discrete time frailty models with pooled data from the 1988, 1993, 1998 and 2003 Ghana Demographic
and Health Survey, women with higher educational attainment were found to have longer transition to first marriage than their
less educated counterparts. More importantly, the effect of higher education on the transition to first marriage was larger
among younger women even after controlling for other factors. The stronger effect among contemporary women has been discussed
in relation to ideational changes on family formation and the enhanced career opportunities for contemporary educated women.
相似文献
Stephen Obeng GyimahEmail: |
16.
Kræn Blume Mette Ejrnæs Helena Skyt Nielsen Allan Würtz 《Journal of population economics》2009,22(4):881-908
In developed countries, immigrants are more likely to be nonemployed and self-employed compared to natives. Based on register
data of male immigrants in Denmark, we performed a detailed investigation of the immigrant–native difference in transition
patterns across labor market states. We find that a high proportion of immigrants from non-Western countries tend to be marginalized
relative to natives, and they tend to use self-employment to escape marginalization.
相似文献
Allan WürtzEmail: |
17.
Maria Gutiérrez-Domènech 《Journal of population economics》2008,21(1):83-110
This paper investigates how education and the labour market affect Spanish individual decisions on the timing of marriage
and births, using a Cox hazard approach. It disentangles men and women, and two groups, Cohort 1945–1960 and Cohort 1961–1977.
Results show that female employment delays marriage in Cohort 1945–1960, but it has a reverse effect in Cohort 1961–1977.
We also find evidence that employment is a barrier for family formation since employed women postpone births in both cohorts.
The precarious Spanish labour markets, captured by female unemployment rates, delay family formation, especially by putting
off marriage. Male unemployment, at the individual level, impacts negatively on fertility only through delaying marriage.
相似文献
Maria Gutiérrez-DomènechEmail: |
18.
Gary Neil Marks 《Social indicators research》2008,85(2):293-309
Since the early 1970s the importance of mothers’ socioeconomic characteristics on their children’s educational and occupational
attainment has been acknowledged. However, it is not clear if fathers’ characteristics have a stronger influence because men
usually have stronger attachments to the labour market, or alternatively mothers’ characteristics are more important because
of their greater role in children’s socialization. This study addresses this question by comparing the influence of father’s
and mother’s education and occupation on student performance in literacy and numeracy using data from 30 countries. The impact
of mother’s education is usually greater or comparable to that of father’s education. In contrast, substantially stronger
effects for mother’s occupational status compared to father’s were rare. In most countries the impact of mother’s socioeconomic
characteristics (education plus occupation) on student performance is comparable to that for father’s. Of the four indicators
of socioeconomic background, father’s occupational status and mother’s educational attainment tend to have stronger effects,
although many countries do not conform to this pattern. There are indications that the relative importance of mother’s characteristics
have increased over time.
相似文献
Gary Neil MarksEmail: |
19.
It has been claimed that women experience fewer career opportunities than men do mainly because they are over-represented
in ‘Dead-end Jobs’ (DEJs). Using Swedish panel data covering 1.1 million employees with the same employer in 1999 and 2003,
measures of DEJ are empirically derived from analyses of wage mobility. The results indicate that women are over-represented
in DEJs, especially in the public sector. The findings are interesting from (a) a methodological viewpoint, as it is indicated
that the career opportunities associated with occupations can be indicated using one measure for both men and women, (b) the
glass ceiling perspective, which arguably under-emphasizes gender inequality in relation to low positions, and (c) a class
perspective, which basically ignores gender and sector in explaining career chances.
相似文献
Erik BihagenEmail: |
20.
This study reviews the sustainable urban design concept and identifies critical factors for enhancing social sustainability
of urban renewal projects. Through a questionnaire survey carried out in Hong Kong, the opinions of architects, planners,
property development managers, and local citizens were sought and evaluated. The results derived from factor analysis indicated
that certain design features should be incorporated for achieving social sustainability. “Satisfaction of Welfare Requirements”,
“Conservation of Resources & the Surroundings”, “Creation of Harmonious Living Environment”, “Provisions Facilitating Daily
Life Operations”, “Form of Development” and “Availability of Open Spaces” were believed to be the significant underlying factors
for enhancing social sustainability of local urban renewal projects.
相似文献
Grace K. L. LeeEmail: |