携手共建长江经济带服务国家战略

上海要充分发挥在长江经济带发展中的引领作用,坚持深化改革、扩大开放,始终立足国家战略、服务国家战略,充分发挥上海“四个中心”的综合服务功能和自贸试验区建设的辐射带动效应,着力推进产业协作和优化布局、着力推进沿江综合运输大通道建设、着力推进生态环境一体化建设、着力推进区域城乡一体化建设、着力推进对外开发开放一体化建设,促进区域经济协调发展,引领长江经济带转型升级.     

2014/2015年上海经济形势分析报告

2014年,上海经济运行总体平稳,稳中有进,预计全年GDP增速达7％,呈现与全国不完全相同的经济新常态.2015年世界经济形势依然错综复杂,美元加速升值将成为影响全球经济增长的最大因素,中国经济增长需要防范房地产市场降温、土地收入与财政收入下滑、地方政府债务上升“三碰头”等风险.在这种情况下,2015年上海经济依然存在着下行压力,同时也有有利的增长因素:一是自贸试验区改革开放进一步深化,将拉动经济增长;二是“营改增”全覆盖将进一步带动相关服务业发展;三是利率下调和房地产相关政策调整将有利于活跃股市和稳定房市.因此,经过努力,上海经济仍有可能达到7％左右的增速.     

上海在“一带一路”和长江经济带建设中的定位与作用研究

中国开展“一带一路”建设并非只是为了解决西部发展的权宜之计,而是继续支持西部大开发、东北地区等老工业基地全面振兴,推动京津冀协同发展和长江经济带发展,抓紧落实国家新型城镇化规划,举全国之力全面对外开放的长期战略.因此,上海亟须主动将本地区的未来发展与国家的发展战略有效衔接,通过参与“一带一路”和长江经济带建设找到上海的发展机会.     

上海在长江中国经济新支撑带中的地位和作用研究

上海地处我国黄金海岸线中部和长江出海口的交汇点,地理位置优越,是我国沿海经济带与沿江经济带聚汇点,是长江经济新支撑带以及长三角地区的中心城市和经济龙头,肩负着我国建设国际经济、金融、贸易和航运四个中心的重任.近年来,上海土地资源瓶颈约束持续加大,上海进一步发展需要扩大经济腹地.随着“依托黄金水道,建设长江经济带”上升为国家战略,需要建立以上海为中心的产业体系、科技创新体系以及坚持市场手段调节和加强国际合作的生态环境保护体系.     

构建湖北长江经济带开放开发新格局研究

湖北开放开发已经进入新阶段。“十二五”时期，立足湖北经济社会发展实际，顺应经济全球化趋势，深入实践科学发展观，坚定不移地继续实施开放先导战略，牢固树立开放兴省理念，围绕“加快湖北长江经济带新一轮开放开发”的战略部署，以科学发展、转型发展、创新发展、和谐发展为主题，以应对后金融危机时代、促进湖北长江经济带平衡较快发展为主线，实现湖北长江经济带港口、城市、产业一体化开放开发，加快湖北长江经济带第一、二、三产业统筹开放开发，以质量、效益为主导转变外贸发展方式，以创新、融合为主攻方向优化引资结构，努力构筑开放开发经济平台、培育开放开发经济主体、创新开放开发经济制度，建立健全各种保障措施，加快形成湖北长江经济带开放开发新格局。     

“一带一路”国家战略给连云港发展带来新机遇

建设丝绸之路经济带和21世纪海上丝绸之路,是中央实施新一轮对外开放的重大举措.“一带一路”是指“丝绸之路经济带”和“21世纪海上丝绸之路”,充分依靠我国与有关国家既有的双多边机制,借助行之有效的区域合作平台,是现有合作模式的延续与升级.连云港处于国家“一带一路”战略中的交汇点,极具地缘优势,在这一战略总体布局中占有重要位置.“一带一路”国家战略为连云港创造了千载难逢的发展机遇.     

上海服务长江经济带建设研究

“十三五”期间,上海服务长江经济带建设,必须根据现实条件和基础,启动优先服务领域,关注重点服务领域,有步骤逐级推进长江经济带建设.一是构建长江经济带省际利益的协调机制,建立省际合作紧密联系的工作机制,探索区域间利益共享的合作机制.二是打造长江经济带园区与产业合作平台、长江经济带航运公共服务平台、长江经济带科技创新公共平台、长江经济带自贸区金融开放平台等.     

借鉴国际经验推进崇明世界级生态岛建设

崇明世界级生态岛建设要发挥长江流域绿色生态发展的排头兵和先行者的作用,坚持面向未来的发展理念,尽快出台世界级生态岛建设规划;坚持“以生态赢得未来”,厚植崇明绿色发展优势;鼓励推进“生态+”发展战略,促进生态优势转化为经济优势;深化国内外开放合作和交流,不断提升知名度和美誉度;加大崇明生态岛建设投入,探索创新发展政策试点;着力打造长江经济带和沿海经济带的“生态桥头堡”,力争成为国家生态文明建设的示范引领区.     

湖北长江经济带产业带发展研究

湖北长江经济带已经形成以主导产业为龙头的经济一体化态势，但区域内产业基础差异明显，产业发展不均衡，整体竞争优势不明显。本文在分析湖北长江经济带产业发展优劣势后，提出了湖北长江经济带产业带的发展对策。     

吴邦国说“思路就是财富”

中共中央政治局委员、中共上海市委书记吴邦国,最近接受上海《文汇报》记者采访、阐述上海九十年代发展目标和战略重点时,谈到思路就是财富这个精彩观点。吴邦国说,这几年,上海的主要工作是把发展思路搞明确了。中央要求上海成为长江经济带开放的“龙头”,成为经济金融贸易中心、并明确浦东做为九十年代全国改革开放的重点。上海市委根据这个要求和上海的实际制定出发展目标和战略重点。     

Comment confronter mobilité « subjective » et mobilité « objective » ?

The methods for analyzing objective social mobility and subjective mobility as perceived by individuals are reviewed in the case of two surveys: Trois générations by the French Old-Age Fund (CNAV, Caisse Nationale d'Assurance Vieillesse) and Formation qualification professionnelle by the French National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies (INSEE). These two surveys have formulated subjective mobility in quite different ways, but this observation also holds for objective mobility, which, for the purpose of comparison with respondents' subjective evaluations, is defined using specific procedures. A method is proposed for contrasting these two sorts of mobility based on classical mobility tables. When the latter are designed so as to cross three variables (social origins, destinations and average scores of subjective mobility), the spontaneous sociology that can be collectively detected in the assessments made by respondents turns out to be not very different from the scholarly sociology of social categories produced by sociologists. After showing that subjective and objective mobility vary coherently in relation to each other, an additional hypothesis is advanced to account for some discrepancies.     

Généalogie et évolution de la catégorie de « cadre » en Italie

Conceptions of the social world in industrialized countries use categories worked out in the course of a nation's history. In this respect, the notion of cadre for referring to both a concrete social group and a statistical, cognitive category turns out to be a French invention. From a societal perspective, why are there no cadres in Italy? Why is this sort of catchall category for referring to persons in the middle range of employees missing there? Although the notion crystallized through the French experience does not fit the Italian situation, we can inquire into it by examining the history of two close but distinct socioeconomic categories: quadri and dirigenti. A constructivist approach is taken to examining several aspects of the emergence of these categories in Italian society: the place of the institutions that defend and objectify them as a socioeconomic category; the expectations and aspirations that motivate them; the impact of historical and symbolical events in making these categories; and the role of sociologists who persist in analyzing Italian cadres by using quite different theoretical and ideological presuppositions.     

Le modèle de « l'État-stratège » : genèse d'une forme organisationnelle dans l'administration française

Since the 1990s, a new organisational form of the administrative system in France has been steadily redefining relations between central administrations and local state units. Labelled “the steering state” or the “managerial state”, this new paradigm hinges on separating the strategic functions of steering and controlling the state from the operational functions of execution and policy implementation. The making of this new form of state organization involves two parallel processes: political and cognitive. For one thing, the adoption of concrete measures for “government at distance” results from power struggles between three major ministries (Home Office, Budget and Civil Service). For another, a new legitimate “categorization of the state” is being formed in the major committees involved in the reform process of the 1990s; it is borne by top civil servants and inspired by the ideas of New Public Management. — Special issue: New patterns of institutions.     

Contenir le marché : la transition de la criée à la cotation électronique à la Bourse de Paris

Open outcry was fully replaced at the Paris Bourse by an automated trade execution system (CAC) in the late 1980s. In this article, we focus on the circumstances that made this transition possible. We analyze the diverse compromises (both social and technical) that the officials and engineers in charge of the innovation process constructed in order to stabilize the new market device. They had to carefully inscribe into the new system the interests of the actors at stake: bankers and stockbrokers. This case study contributes to economic sociology by drawing a relation between a technical device and the interests set around the “modernization” of a market.     

La précarité de l'emploi au service de la prospérité du fast-food

The fast food industry offers an exception to the traditional rule that steady employment and employee qualifications are necessary for business to thrive. Since this industry sprang up in the United States during the 1950s, its major firms have offered unskilled jobs to a young, devoted labor force in transit between fast-food establishments. As a consequence, the itineraries of incoming new hires and outgoing employees crisscross. Though causing a few operational problems, this high turnover rate among wage-earners is good for business. The major (just-in-time) principle of sales and production requires an exceptionally high commitment. Only new, young team-members correspond to the profile defined in these eateries.     

Les « intermittents » de l'Église. Modalités d'emploi des personnels laïcs dans le catholicisme français

Given the shortage of priests, bishops have assigned permanent religious duties to several thousand laypersons, a majority of them women. Many of these persons have employment contracts. The employment conditions of this new type of permanent personnel tend to be unfavorable: assignments for a few years despite contracts of unlimited duration, part-time work and a nearly minimum wage. Various factors account for this fragility: the dire financial straits of French dioceses; ecclesiastical authorities, determination to present the clergy as the only fully legitimate, permanent personnel in the Church; and the attitude of laypersons who seem to be satisfied with their lot. The efforts to institutionalize this work have encountered difficulties with respect to both the labor code and the unexpected effects produced internally by the advocacy of a “culture of limited duration commitment”.     

La restructuration des PMI à Saint-Étienne après la crise : traces du passé et limites de l'intégration horizontale

On the basis of a survey conducted in Saint-Étienne, France, as part of a comparative European project on “modes of governance” in local economies (which, thus, takes into account the level of small and medium-sized industry and the middle level of the territory), questions are raised about the goods and services that enable these industries to be competitive with big firms or holdings. For these industries, solutions developed two decades ago for the machine tool industry, mechanics and metal-working are still significant resources. The momentum detected in a small number of fields can lead to an increasing specialization and horizontal integration that favor a more competitive growth. How to know whether this momentum results from still (temporarily) active remnants of the past or whether it is evidence of a collective impetus that can stimulate new economic growth?     

La carrière des artistes et les transformations de la production musicale. Relations de travail et relation au travail dans le monde des musiques rap et électroniques

The interaction between the artistic and managerial poles of the world formed by the persons specialized in rap and electronic music in France is described as well as musicians' occupational culture. The aesthetic and organizational characteristics of these musical genres are shown to influence the division of labour in recording and production. Owing to the combination of artistic and managerial activities typical of these musicians, occupational networks are fluid. This blurring of roles is especially visible in the recording labels used from home studios. Technical changes in the “tools” for this work have led these artists to become professionally involved in management and advertising. Cultural motivations also explain this involvement: the critical stance adopted by the “cultures” of rap, electro, techno, etc., tends to make obsolete the image of the artist as a creator who avoids the engineering aspects of the commercial distribution of his recordings. In contrast, rap and electronic musicians' careers develop through participation in many and various projects, which nurtures their artistic production, improves the quality of their groups and enhances their reputations. Accepting more short-term professional engagements supposedly increases their control over their career profiles. However these musicians voice concerns, in particular, about bonds between the individual and the groups whom they cross (and who cross them) — concerns that can be extended to other types de workers caught up in an occupational world organized “by project”.     

Les usages nationaux d'une science « globale » : La diffusion de nouveaux paradigmes économiques comme stratégie hégémonique et enjeu domestique dans les champs nationaux de reproduction des élites d'État

This paper analyses the production and international diffusion of different forms of State expertise, such as economics, from a threefold perspective: hegemonic strategies structured around the Cold War, professional rivalries between lawyers and economists within the field of state power and the internationalisation of the academic circuits for the reproduction of national elites. In order to understand the relatively low (or delayed) introduction of neo-liberal paradigm in Asia, it starts by highlighting the authoritarian genesis of these new fields of economic expertise, as an instrument for the developmental policies launched by the Cold War dictatures, such as Suharto in Indonesia or Marcos in the Philippinnes. Then, by focusing on the cases of India and South Corea, it analyses how the processes of institutionnalisation and consolidation of these new professional fields was structured around an international division of scientific labour, in which the elite US campuses control both the production of theoretical innovation and the academic networks for the reproduction of the elites of the periphery.     

Retour sur le « secteur informel ». L'économie du Katanga (Congo-Zaïre) face à la falsification de la loi

In the social sciences, the idea of an informal sector has been criticized more for the classification of economic activities in two separate sectors than for the labeling of them as “formal” or “informal”. In the Congo (formerly Zaire), the use of such labels is ambiguous. Labeling has to be understood in the context of corruption, i.e., in a transaction involving the personal networks and social identities of the parties to it. An analysis is made of how such transactions with civil servants shape the local market in the case of the import trade in Katanga. Compared with the formal/informal cleavage, this approach enables us both to see the labeling of economic activities as a social and political process and to draw attention to the plurality of such practices in relations with authorities.