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1.
Bruno Amable 《Social indicators research》2009,91(3):391-426
This paper tests the impact of various determinants of the preference for two key elements of the European social models:
redistribution and trade unions, using individual data from the first round of the European Social Survey. The basic hypothesis
is that the main determinant of an individual’s support for these elements of the European models is the social position of
the individual in terms of income, status and risks attached to their labour market insertion. The paper also considers the
relative importance of less ‘materialist’ influences such as religion or other cultural determinants. The estimations show
that ‘materialist’ determinants are by far the most important influences on individual preferences, contrary to what most
social theories of modernisation contend.
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Bruno AmableEmail: |
2.
Gregory Ponthiere 《Social indicators research》2007,84(2):203-230
Whereas period life expectancy constitutes an intuitive indicator of the survival conditions prevailing at a particular period,
this paper argues that, given the existence of welfare interdependencies, that widespread indicator is nonetheless an incomplete
measure of the longevity achievements relevant for human well-being. The central importance of coexistence for human-beings
implies that usual life expectancy measures should be complemented by joint life expectancy indicators, which measure the
average coexistence time under particular survival conditions. After a study of the theoretical foundations of ‘single’ and
‘joint’ life expectancy indicators, it is shown that joint life expectancy measures tend to enrich significantly the comparison
of longevity achievements across countries and periods. Moreover, the introduction of joint life expectancy indicators—as
a complement to conventional life expectancy measures—into multi-variable indexes such as the United Nations’ HDI is also
shown to affect international rankings of standards of living to a non negligible extent.
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Gregory PonthiereEmail: |
3.
Guy Standing 《Social indicators research》2008,88(1):15-30
Casualisation has both negative and positive sides, for both workers and employers. This article considers how the positive
sides could be developed while allowing casual work to continue to grow. In reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of
casual labour for employers, the paper depicts casualisation (and the related process of ‘informalisation’) as usually involving
seven forms of economic insecurity for the worker. The modern casualisation that is taking place as part of globalisation
involves a steady restructuring of social income and labour recommodification, in which many workers are finding that an increasing share of their remuneration is coming
from money wages, which are a relatively insecure part of their social income. As a result, there is a need to find new ways
of providing income security that could allow workers to accept the more casual work arrangements without excessive anxiety
and alienation. The article is, essentially, an argument for a re-assertion of a common sense of social solidarity, in which
casual work can be a normal part of a flexible labour and work system.
相似文献
Guy StandingEmail: |
4.
‘Wellbeing’ is a key concept in the study of children’s lives over time, given its potential to link the objective, subjective,
and inter-subjective dimensions of their experiences in ways that are holistic, contextualized and longitudinal. For this
reason wellbeing is one of the core concepts used by Young Lives, a 15-year project (2000–2015) that follows the lives of
12,000 children growing up in the context of poverty in Ethiopia, Peru, Vietnam and Andhra Pradesh (India) (see ). This paper examines a selection of methods being used by Young Lives to capture aspects of child wellbeing in the context
of a range of children’s life experiences related to poverty, specific risks and protective processes. It draws on a review
of the literature on child-focused methods and on recent experiences piloting three core qualitative methods in the four study
countries. The paper reports the development of a methodology that is child-centred, but also acknowledges that every child
is embedded within a network of social and economic relationships.
相似文献
Gina CrivelloEmail: |
5.
This paper examines the ‘what’, ‘why’ and ‘how’ of employee well-being. Beginning with the ‘what’ of well-being, the construct
of mental health was explored with the aim of building a model of employee well-being. It was proposed that employee well-being
consists of three core components: (1) subjective well-being; (2) workplace well-being and (3) psychological well-being. Following
this, the ‘why’ of employee well-being was investigated; that is, why employee well-being should be an important matter for
organisations. It was argued that employee well-being is an important precursor to organisational well-being, as indicated
by its links to employee turnover and performance. The next section was concerned with the ‘how’ of employee well-being; that
is, how well-being can be reliably enhanced. Drawing on two models of strengths and a practice model of psychological assessment,
it was asserted that strength-based development can reliably enhance employee well-being. A solid framework for understanding
and measuring employee well-being is offered in the hope that it will foster a more integrated approach to assessing and optimising
employee well-being.
相似文献
Dianne A. Vella-BrodrickEmail: |
6.
Michael Haan 《Population research and policy review》2008,27(6):751-771
In recent years, successive cohorts of immigrants to Canada have experienced a striking level of deterioration in their economic
well-being. At the same time, more immigrants than ever before are choosing to live in Montréal, Toronto, or Vancouver, Canada’s
three-first-tier or ‘gateway cities’. This paper uses instrumental variable regression techniques to determine the extent
to which gateway city clustering is related to immigrant economic well-being. It identifies whether employment status, earnings,
and employment suitability would significantly improve if more immigrants chose to live outside of Canada’s three gateway
cities. The results suggest that, for the most part, although immigrants do worse than the native-born in gateway cities,
they do experience marginally higher earnings than their non-gateway counterparts. Income and unemployment rates are higher
for immigrants in gateway cities than they are for the native-born, but the gateway/non-gateway disparity is minimal. Levels
of employment mismatch are substantially higher in gateway cities, compared to both the gateway city native-born population,
and non-gateway immigrants. An analysis of the data shows that only marginal improvements to economic well-being would result
from an increase in non-gateway immigration, and that there are other factors, like race or skin colour, that seem to be more
closely linked to labour market success.
相似文献
Michael HaanEmail: |
7.
This paper characterizes vulnerable workers in Canada and the federal jurisdiction, based upon characteristics such as employment
status, demographic characteristics, and job characteristics, and identifies areas in which labour standards may have a role.
Based on this analysis, the paper evaluates the potential for labour standards to address economic vulnerability, focusing
on labour standards policies aimed at wages and benefits, hours, and employment arrangements. In addition, the analysis considers
the extent to which labour standards are likely to reach vulnerable workers. The results suggest several potential roles for
labour standards and highlights policy implications.
相似文献
George A. SlotsveEmail: |
8.
A ‘good society’ has recently been portrayed as one in which citizens engage in voluntary associations to foster democratic
processes. Arguably, such a good society is considered as one where people are content with their own lives as well as public
life. We consider whether participation in civil society leads to more satisfied individuals on the one hand and a better
evaluation of society at a country level on the other. With data from the first round of the European Social Survey, we illustrate
that participation in voluntary associations not only depends on individual characteristics, but that there is a clear country-level
effect on civil society. This can be explained with measures of quality of society after socio-demographic determinants have
been controlled for. Nonetheless, it remains difficult to say what comes first: a ‘good society’ or a thriving civil society.
相似文献
Florian Pichler (Corresponding author)Email: Email: |
9.
Hedwig Lee Kathleen Mullan Harris Penny Gordon-Larsen 《Population research and policy review》2009,28(4):505-532
Increasing obesity among Americans is a serious issue in the US, especially in the pediatric and young adult population. We
use a longitudinal design to examine the relationship between childhood poverty/welfare receipt and obesity onset and continuity
from adolescence into young adulthood using three waves of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We include
multiple measures of disadvantage that co-occur with poverty and model potential mediating mechanisms within a life course
framework. We find a significant effect of poverty/welfare receipt in childhood on obesity outcomes for females, but not for
males. However, other measures of socioeconomic disadvantage such as neighborhood poverty, and low parental education are
related to obesity in both males and females. Poverty may impact female obesity through the mediating effects of physical
activity, inadequate sleep, skipping breakfast and certain forms of parental monitoring, while race is an important confounder
of poverty’s influence. This paper highlights the important influence of poverty and other aspects of social disadvantage
on obesity outcomes during this critical transition to adulthood. Implications of this research include physical activity
and parenting interventions for low-income youth. In addition, governmental efforts should be made to increase physical activity
opportunities in poor neighborhoods.
相似文献
Hedwig LeeEmail: |
10.
This paper uses household level data from National Sample Survey Organization (NSSO) of India, the 55th (1999–2000) and the
61st (2004–05) rounds, to show that even with a significant wage incentive for schooling of urban children, the school drop
out rate and child labour incidence are not small over this period. The parents’ level of education plays an important role
in reducing this tendency; thus establishing the linkage between social and human capital outcomes in the family. We also
look at the incidence of harmful and manual occupations among the child labour. Mother’s education appears as the more important
factor in the recent round in curbing the manual work incidences; supporting earlier findings that women’s empowerment (one
important indicator of which would be female educational level) is indeed becoming instrumental in increasing parental awareness.
Using a pooled data set, we have also analysed the changes in the impact of parental education on these decisions between
1999–2000 and 2004–05.
相似文献
Diganta MukherjeeEmail: |
11.
It has been claimed that women experience fewer career opportunities than men do mainly because they are over-represented
in ‘Dead-end Jobs’ (DEJs). Using Swedish panel data covering 1.1 million employees with the same employer in 1999 and 2003,
measures of DEJ are empirically derived from analyses of wage mobility. The results indicate that women are over-represented
in DEJs, especially in the public sector. The findings are interesting from (a) a methodological viewpoint, as it is indicated
that the career opportunities associated with occupations can be indicated using one measure for both men and women, (b) the
glass ceiling perspective, which arguably under-emphasizes gender inequality in relation to low positions, and (c) a class
perspective, which basically ignores gender and sector in explaining career chances.
相似文献
Erik BihagenEmail: |
12.
We compare older Egyptian women’s and men’s propensities to live with unmarried children only, any ever-married children,
and alone, and we assess “kin-keeping” versus “modernization” hypotheses about the effects of social change on living arrangements
during 1988–2000. Socioeconomic differences among women and men accounted for much of their crude differences in living arrangements
during the period. Propensities to live with any ever-married children declined, and propensities to live alone or with unmarried
children only rose. Compared to men, women continued to live more often with any ever-married children and less often with
unmarried children only, and the 1988 gender gap in solitary residence disappeared by 2000. Increasing coresidential demands
from unmarried dependent children, less frequent coresidential support from ever-married children, and rapidly increasing
rates of solitary living especially among older men suggest emerging needs for non-coresidential instrumental support, especially
among older Egyptians who are economically disadvantaged.
相似文献
Kathryn M. YountEmail: |
13.
Labor Migration has long been viewed as a strategy adopted by the household unit to allocate family resources rationally to
increase the flows of income and to raise family standard of living. The research reported here examines the extent to which
remittances sent by Filipino overseas workers increase the income and standard of living of households in the Philippines.
Data for the analysis were obtained from a representative sample of 2,388 households drawn in 1999–2000 from four major “labor
sending” areas in the Philippines. The analysis compares households with and without overseas workers to estimate the contribution
of remittances to household income and to household standard of living (measured once by an ‘objective’ indicator and once
by a ‘subjective’ assessment). The data reveal that due to remittances the income of households with overseas labor migrants
is considerably higher than the income of households without overseas workers. The data also reveal that remittances are used
mostly for consumption purposes (e.g. purchase of food, clothing, education, and goods) and that most of the difference in
standard of living (whether measured on the ‘objective’ or the ‘subjective’ scale) between households with and without overseas
workers are attributed to remittances. The implications of labor migration and the policy that encourages and supports labor
migration for the Filipino society are evaluated and discussed.
相似文献
Anastasia GorodzeiskyEmail: |
14.
Dropping out of post-compulsory education in the UK: an analysis of determinants and outcomes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We analyse the decision to drop out of post-compulsory education over the period 1985–1994 using data from the Youth Cohort
Surveys. We show that the dropout rate declined between 1985 and 1994, in spite of the rising participation rate in education,
but is still substantial. Dropping out is more or less constant over the period of study, though the risk of dropout does
vary with young people’s prior attainment, ethnicity, family background and the state of the labour market. The course of
study has a substantial effect on the risk of dropout.
相似文献
Pam LentonEmail: |
15.
Florian Pichler 《Social indicators research》2009,92(3):449-469
Research on work-life balance (WLB) has presented important insights into the problems of combining family aspirations with
paid work in relation to policy relevant agendas. Using the ESS II (2004/2005), we examine work-related and household/family-related
causes of WLB. We can corroborate other research findings that show that work-related aspects explain by far the largest part
of the variation in WLB. However, we illustrate that the measurement of WLB is partly problematic. Because WLB scales conceptualize
the work component more specifically than the life component, what ‘life’ means remains rather intangible apart from general
references to the ‘home’, ‘housework’ and ‘family responsibilities’. This largely neglects different emic dimensions to WLB
common to specific subgroups and renders the measurement rather abstract. Second, the wordings of WLB indicators already include
their most probable explanations. There is the danger of a circular argument here and many explanations seem tautological.
This makes it difficult to conclude on the effects of other than work-related aspects on WLB, which are, arguably, also important
aspects of WLB. Finally, WLB scales hardly correlate with relevant external criteria, for instance subjective well-being.
Following from these findings, we discuss what these WLB scales could really measure and propose to broaden quantitative empirical
approaches to it.
相似文献
Florian PichlerEmail: Email: |
16.
Too many migrants, too few services: a model of decision-making on immigration and integration with cultural distance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We model the political demand for immigrants as a trade-off that native voters face between having services, assumed to be
produced only by unskilled and nonassimilated immigrants, and experiencing disutility due to the immigrant workers having
a culture different from the native culture. Immigrants decide whether to integrate into the native culture. We show that
if services are priced according to per unit costs, the market demand for immigrants will exceed the political demand. Market
forces then lead to higher services prices, implying that the initially allowed number of immigrants is ‘politically’ too
large.
相似文献
Lex MeijdamEmail: |
17.
This paper analyzes the effects of population aging on the preferred legal retirement age. What is revealed is the crucial role that the indirect ‘macro’ effects resulting from a change in the legal retirement age play in the optimal decision. Two social security systems are studied. Under a defined contribution scheme, aging lowers the preferred legal retirement age. However, under a defined pension scheme, the retirement age is delayed. This result shows the relevance of correctly choosing the parameter affected by the dependency ratio in the design of the social security programme.
相似文献
Francisco Lagos (Corresponding author)Email: Fax: +34-95-8249995 |
18.
Jad M. Chaaban 《Social indicators research》2009,93(2):351-358
This paper develops an empirical methodology for the construction of a synthetic multi-dimensional cross-country comparison
of the performance of governments around the world in improving the livelihood of their younger population. The devised ‘Youth
Welfare Index’ is based on the nonparametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) methodology and allows for cross-country benchmarking
and comparison over time. The value added of the youth index is to produce country-specific rankings and trace performance
evolution with respect to indicators solely centered on youth, unlike other development indicators like the Human Development
Index (HDI) which bundles many social and development indicators.
相似文献
Jad M. ChaabanEmail: |
19.
This paper studies natives’ economically motivated preferences over different levels of immigration of low-income earners. Immigration affects natives through both intra- and intergenerational redistribution programmes and in the labour market. Our analysis suggests, in a welfare state that looks after the poor and the aged, economic motivation does not necessarily lead a native to have an extreme opinion on the preferable level of immigration, although it causes disagreement among natives. We find, regardless of parameter values, high-income earners prefer at least as much immigration as low-income earners who, in turn, prefer at least as much immigration as pensioners. The median voter is then likely to be a low-income native.
相似文献
Yuji TamuraEmail: Fax: +44-24-76523032 |
20.
Analysis of casual work in British Columbia is an important issue given that the increase in casual work has been greater
in this province than in other provinces in Canada and given that the labour market has been substantially deregulated since
2001. In this paper, we analyse how individuals’ casual employment status affects their economic security based on a specially
designed survey undertaken by the authors. We follow the ILO’s classification of the dimensions of economic security but,
based on our findings, add a further dimension—Time security—As being of particular importance to casual workers. On the basis
of these results, we analyse the policy interventions that might be necessary to increase the economic security of casual
workers, policies which we suggest can best be conceptualized as providing a “security quilt”.
相似文献
Paul BowlesEmail: |