Geographic differences in mortality in Poland

An analysis of differential mortality by region in Poland for the periods 1976-1978 and 1984-1986 is presented. The results show not only that significant differences existed in the earlier period, but that they increased in the second period, particularly with regard to differences between the east and west of the country. Poland seems therefore an exception to the trend in many developed countries toward a decline in geographic mortality differentials associated with the post-demographic transition era.     

Selected problems concerning changes in the population age structure in Czechoslovakia in comparison with those in Poland

A comparative analysis of changes in the characteristics of the populations of Czechoslovakia and Poland by age and sex since 1921 is presented. The emphasis is on changes occurring since 1950.     

利用因子分析法浅析我国健康经济发展状况

在经济发展促进人们收入水平不断提高的同时,经济学界引入了一种全新的理念即"健康经济"来衡量和评价经济的发展。文章利用因子分析的方法来剖析我国各个省市在促进"健康经济"发展上的不同表现,并提出一些相关的政策建议,为促进我国各省市"健康经济"的发展提供一定的理论依据。     

Analysis of changes in mortality in Poland

Mortality rates for both sexes for 5- and 10-year age intervals are analyzed for the years 1960-1983 for various localities of Poland. The author notes a decline in mortality since 1966, and provides new estimates of that trend. Some problems concerning the data are also considered.     

Ethnic differentials in fertility in the USSR

Ethnic differentials in fertility in the USSR are analyzed using data from official sources. Age-specific and total fertility rates for women of various nationalities are presented by Union republic for selected years from 1945 to 1984.     

坚持改革，勇于创新

世纪之交 ,我国的国民经济发展和改革开放事业都进入了一个新阶段。经过中央采取一系列重大宏观调控措施和各地的不懈努力 ,目前我国国民经济出现了重要转机 ,各主要宏观经济指标明显回升 ,经济形势总体继续趋好。就统计而言 ,经过二十多年不断努力 ,我国的统计改革已取得了巨大进展。但是 ,随着新世纪信息化时代的到来 ,大量新技术、新思想、新社会经济现象的涌现 ,以及经济全球化的发展 ,使统计方法应用的广泛性 ,统计数据和统计信息的渗透性 ,统计主客体的多样性都发生了质的变化 ,而这一变化对统计改革而言既是机遇也是挑战 ,所谓机遇就…     

The demographic situation in Poland in 1987

Demographic trends in Poland in 1987 are reviewed using data from official sources. The author notes that the population growth rate for 1987 was 0.5 percent, compared to 0.8 percent for the 1980s as a whole.     

Information in an observation in robust designs

We consider the Information contained 1n each observation in a given design robust with respect to the estlmability of parameters and against the unavailability of observations. We compare the observations in various 1-, 2- and 3- dimensional designs on the basis of their informations.     

中国各地区科技竞争力研究

一个地区经济的发展与其科技水平密切相关,科技竞争力强的地区其经济实力必然强,反之亦然,文章首先提出了竞争力的概念,并提出了一个衡量科技竞争力的指标体系。在明确了因子分析原理及基本思想之后运用统计软件SPSS中的因子分析对收集到的26个指标进行了分析,找出了四个主要因子并为之命名。对各地区的科技竞争力综合得分进行排名并与1998年对比,得出东部地区与中部、西部在科技竞争力方面存在很大的差距,并着重对西部地区进行了分析,找出对策。     

中国工资差异变动的分解

使用CHNS（中国健康与营养调查）提供的工资横截面数据,通过Oaxaca-Blinder分解方法,在分位数回归的基础上,分别以总样本、东部样本和中西部样本,对1989—2006年、1989—1997年和1997—2006年三个时间段的工资差异的变动进行分解,研究发现：在大多数情况下,解释变量的结构效应小于解释变量的价格效应;在方向上,结构效应与工资差异变动的方向相反,而价格效应与工资差异变动方向相同;工资差异的变动无论是结构效应引起的还是价格效应引起的,都主要发生在工资分布的低端;作为重要解释变量的技能偏向型技术进步引起的工资差异变动,主要发生在工资分布的高端;在不同时间段和不同样本下,解释变量对工资差异变动的影响程度存在差异。     

Accounting for Uncertainty in Heteroscedasticity in Nonlinear Regression

Toxicologists and pharmacologists often describe toxicity of a chemical using parameters of a nonlinear regression model. Thus estimation of parameters of a nonlinear regression model is an important problem. The estimates of the parameters and their uncertainty estimates depend upon the underlying error variance structure in the model. Typically, a priori the researcher would not know if the error variances are homoscedastic (i.e., constant across dose) or if they are heteroscedastic (i.e., the variance is a function of dose). Motivated by this concern, in this paper we introduce an estimation procedure based on preliminary test which selects an appropriate estimation procedure accounting for the underlying error variance structure. Since outliers and influential observations are common in toxicological data, the proposed methodology uses M-estimators. The asymptotic properties of the preliminary test estimator are investigated; in particular its asymptotic covariance matrix is derived. The performance of the proposed estimator is compared with several standard estimators using simulation studies. The proposed methodology is also illustrated using a data set obtained from the National Toxicology Program.     

Prediction in Some Poisson Errors in Variables Models

Predictive distributions are developed and illustrated for prediction in some Poisson errors in variables models. Two different situations in which multiplicative treatment effects are appropriate are considered within the context of predicting counts of road accidents. Hierarchical prior structures are investigated, and numerical integration and Gibbs sampling routines are used to derive the predictive and posterior probabilities. Examples of analyses are provided with data from road accidents in Sweden.     

Statistical Evidence in Experiments and in Record Values

According to the law of likelihood, statistical evidence for one (simple) hypothesis against another is measured by their likelihood ratio. When the experimenter can choose between two or more experiments (of approximately the same cost) to obtain data, he would want to know which experiment provides (on average) stronger true evidence for one hypothesis against another. In this article, after defining a pre-experimental criterion for the potential strength of evidence provided by an experiment, based on entropy distance, we compare the potential statistical evidence in lower record values with that in the same number of iid observations from the same parent distribution. We also establish a relation between Fisher information and Kullback–Leibler distance.     

Identifying key factors in momentum in basketball games

Momentum as elaborated under a recent novel definition has been shown quantitatively to have a significant impact on basketball game outcomes. This paper makes two contributions to the analytical literature on sports momentum: (1) two aspects of the new definition are operationalized so that its practicality becomes evident; and (2) through a dimension-reduction technique (elastic net), key factors associated with momentum are identified. Both technical variables such as field goals, assists, rebounds, etc. and environmental variables such as the spectator attendance rate and player salary dispersion are considered, and the potential for useful real-time analyzes is illustrated.     

The problem of defining changes in demographic old age in Poland in a spatial context

The author analyzes the demographic characteristics of the elderly population in Poland. The focus is on the spatial distribution of the elderly around the country.     

Variation in height acceleration in the Fels growth data

The Fels growth data record at half-yearly intervals the heights of children from birth to adulthood, and are the basis for pediatricians' growth charts used throughout North America. Aspects of human growth are the subject of a large medical and statistical literature. This paper uses smoothing splines to study the variation in height acceleration. By use of a functional version of principal-components analysis, we find that variation in the acceleration curve is essentially three-dimensional in nature. Evidence for a small growth spurt between the ages of six and eight, reported for data collected in Switzerland, is examined, and little support is found for the existence of this phenomenon in the Fels data.     

Estimating the underlying change in unemployment in the UK

By setting up a suitable time series model in state space form, the latest estimate of the underlying current change in a series may be computed by the Kalman filter. This may be done even if the observations are only available in a time-aggregated form subject to survey sampling error. A related series, possibly observed more frequently, may be used to improve the estimate of change further. The paper applies these techniques to the important problem of estimating the underlying monthly change in unemployment in the UK measured according to the definition of the International Labour Organisation by the Labour Force Survey. The fitted models suggest a reduction in root-mean-squared error of around 10% over a simple estimate based on differences if a univariate model is used and a further reduction of 50% if information on claimant counts is taken into account. With seasonally unadjusted data, the bivariate model offers a gain of roughly 40% over the use of annual differences. For both adjusted and unadjusted data, there is a further gain of around 10% if the next month's figure on claimant counts is used. The method preferred is based on a bivariate model with unadjusted data. If the next month's claimant count is known, the root-mean-squared error for the estimate of change is just over 10000.